二恶英处理技术的对比

通过对活性炭技术、SCR反应器技术与Remedia技术在二恶英减排以及相应的营运费用之间进行对比.指出Remedia技术是性价比最佳的二恶英处理技术,该技术能彻底摧毁与分解气态二恶英,节省高昂的活性炭投放营运成本,同时烟气中二恶英排放可以稳定达到欧洲标准.     

戈尔Remedia~二恶英催化过滤技术在医疗废物焚烧工程上的应用

随着医疗废物焚烧工程的兴起,对尾气中二恶英的控制处理提出了严格的要求。美国戈尔公司基于“表面过滤”及“催化过滤”理论,开发的Remedia覆膜催化滤袋产品,为医疗废物焚烧工程中最严格的粉尘排放控制及二恶英的控制提供了新的技术。     

戈尔·滤必达催化滤袋助力企业二恶英排放实现“常态达标”

<正>本刊讯近日,国家多部委联合多省市共同印发了《京津冀及周边地区2017—2018年秋冬季大气污染综合治理攻坚行动方案》。为达环保标准,从源头解决污染防治问题,国家也正在逐步建立日趋完善的环保督察体系。以二恶英排放为例,其污染物限值由旧标准的1.0 ng/m~3进一步降低为0.1 ng/m~3,更加严格的排放控制标准要求企业不能仅仅只是在某一时间内或某一条件下实现环保目标,而要做到持续性的绿     

戈尔Remedia二恶英催化过滤技术在医疗废物焚烧工程上的应用

随着医疗废物焚烧工程的兴起,对尾气中二恶英的控制处理提出了严格的要求.美国戈尔公司基于“表面过滤“及“催化过滤“理论,开发的Remedia覆膜催化滤袋产品,为医疗废物焚烧工程中最严格的粉尘排放控制及二恶英的控制提供了新的技术.     

北京市生活垃圾焚烧现状及二恶英排放减排建议

垃圾焚烧有望成为北京市生活垃圾主要的处置方式,分析了北京市生活垃圾焚烧现状和生活垃圾焚烧厂二恶英排放情况,并对垃圾焚烧产生的二恶英总量提出科学可行的减排建议。     

生活垃圾焚烧发电厂运行中二恶英联动控制技术浅析

随着近些年来生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的大量投运,伴随着居民对生活垃圾发电认识的进一步加深,邻避事件时有发生,且近2 a的环保督查压力日益增大,给垃圾焚烧厂的环保安全运行提出了更高要求,尤其是二恶英的安全达标排放成为焦点问题之一。因此,根据二恶英的形成机理,论述了二恶英的危害,阐述了目前为最大限度地控制二恶英的排放、减少二恶英对环境和人类的危害程度所采用的二恶英技术,重点总结了已投运的垃圾焚烧厂在日常运行中采用的一系列的联动控制技术,诸如垃圾入厂控制、垃圾坑堆放及投料控制、炉内燃烧及温度控制(包括炉温控制、负荷控制、一二次风量及氧量控制、启停炉控制、ACC控制等)、受热面清灰、烟气净化系统控制(包括活性炭储量及品质控制、下料控制和布袋除尘器控制等)等系列控制手段来减排二恶英,为行业最大限度减少二恶英的形成及提高去除效率提供经验和借鉴。     

生活垃圾焚烧技术发展与二恶英控制

本文简要介绍了国内外生活垃圾焚烧技术的应用现状。阐述了相关政策法规、专业规划、环境影响评价、炉型选择、余热利用、烟气处理、投融资模式、标准制定等的发展趋势,并重点分析了大家普遍关注的生活垃圾焚烧厂的二恶英控制和排放问题。     

生活垃圾焚烧发电厂二恶英控制研究与实践

分析了现代垃圾焚烧厂二恶英的产生原理,从全厂角度提出控制烟气中二恶英含量的方法,即通过采取入炉前预处理、3T+E分解(燃烧温度不低于850℃、气体的停留时间不小于2 s、湍流强化燃烧、控制氧量)、炉外低温合成控制(控制二恶英的再生区间、防止受热面积灰)和末端排放控制(活性炭吸附、SCR)等方式,减少二恶英的产生,实现焚烧的二恶英控制。     

垃圾焚烧排放标准收紧 或将达到欧盟标准

正环境保护部4月9日主持召开环境保护部常务会议,会议指出,对现行的《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》》(下称《标准》)进行修订和完善,修订后的《标准》在适用范围上,纳入了生活污水处理设施产生的污泥以及一般工业固体废物的专用焚烧炉的污染控制,增加了生活垃圾焚烧炉启动、停炉、故障或事故排放的控制要求,严格了生活垃圾焚烧厂颗粒物、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、氯化氢、重金属及其化合物、二恶英类等污染物排放标准。会议决定《标准》经进一步修改后,     

危险废物焚烧工程烟气治理工艺设计

根据危险废物回转窑焚烧烟气的特点,提出采用余热锅炉、急冷塔、活性炭吸附、布袋除尘、湿法脱酸的烟气治理工艺,可有效抑制二恶英的再合成,排放的烟气能够达到GB 18484—2001危险废物焚烧污染控制标准的要求。     

二噁英暴露与2型糖尿病发病关系的流行病学研究进展

二噁英类化合物既是环境内分泌干扰物,又是一种持久性有机污染物,由于其具有难以降解、可生物累积、可远距离传输等特性,因此无论是接触二噁英作业的职业人群和居住在二噁英排放源周边的居民,还是远离二噁英暴露源的一般人群,都会不同程度的暴露于二噁英的污染。近年来的研究发现,除遗传、生活方式等传统因素之外,环境因素特别是二噁英类化合物身体负荷的增加也增加了患糖尿病的风险,但作用机制尚不明确。笔者将对二噁英影响2型糖尿病发病的流行病学研究进展作简要介绍。     

主成分分析法在水生物二(噁)英污染来源解析中的应用

目的 分析水生生物样品中二(噁)英的污染来源,为有针对性地治理二(噁)英的污染源提供理论依据.方法 检索Sciencedrict数据库中相关的二(噁)英主要污染源及各国水生生物样品中二(噁)英的数据,以样品中二(噁)英同族体含量的相对值为变量,利用环境计量学中主成分分析方法对其进行分析.结果 污染释放源分析结果显示,工业源中第一主成分占有较大比例,而化学源中第二主成分占有较大比例;化学源、热源、非生物底质源、工业源有较好的分离;不同的非生物底质源在组成成分上有较大的相似性;氯碱工业石墨电极废渣底泥与其他化学源的组成成分有较大不同.水生生物样品分析结果显示,日本水户市水生生物体内的二(噁)英污染主要来自于非生物底质源和热源;韩国南部Masan地区水生生物体内的二(噁)英污染介于热源和化学源之间;美国Georgia地区的二(噁)英污染可能既有热源又有工业源的污染;中国某海域水生生物体内的二(噁)英污染主要来源于化学源.结论 主成分分析法是识别二(噁)英化学污染释放源的较好方法,不同国家、地区水生生物体内二噁英的污染来源各不相同.     

Dioxin Emission Factors for the Incineration of Different Medical Waste Types

Previous research works showed that to protect public health, hospital incinerators should be provided with equipment to reduce atmospheric emissions. Most hospital incinerators do not possess such equipment, so efficient methodologies should be developed to evaluate the safety of incineration procedures. Emission factors can be used for an easy estimation of the parameters defined in legislation. Nevertheless, the actual knowledge is very scarce, mainly because previously published emission factors do not include enough information about the incinerated waste types and the respective proportion in incinerated mixture. The existence of different waste classifications also reduces the usefulness of previously published results. This study reports the first dioxin emission factors estimated for the incineration of medical waste, segregated in different types according to the classification of the Portuguese legislation. The main purpose was to evaluate the influence of waste type on emission factors, assessing how useful they are if not associated to the composition of the incinerated mixture. The study also allowed analyzing the correspondence between different waste classifications that are being used, comparing the estimated emission factors with the sole results previously published for specific waste types but segregated according to a different classification. The influence of the incinerated waste type and segregation practices on the concentration and amount of emitted dioxin was assessed, as well as the influence of segregation practices on the amount of wastes that must be incinerated. To estimate eventual hazards for human health, dioxin concentrations in combustion gas flow were compared with the respective legal limits. Received: 26 February 2002/Accepted: 17 September 2002     

市政垃圾焚烧烟气净化浅论

介绍了欧洲市政垃圾处理趋势，讨论了垃圾焚烧烟气净化问题，并简单讨论了垃圾焚烧中二恶英的控制问题。     

Soft-tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma clusters around a municipal solid waste incinerator with high dioxin emission levels

Overall evidence from epidemiologic studies in the workplace suggests that dioxin is a human carcinogen, but whether low doses affect the general population remains to be determined. The authors examined the spatial distribution of soft-tissue sarcomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas around a French municipal solid waste incinerator with high emission levels of dioxin (16.3 ng international toxic equivalency factor/m3). Not consistently associated with dioxin exposure,-Hodgkin's disease served as the control cancer category. Clusters were identified from 1980 to 1995 in the area ("département') of Doubs by applying a spatial scan statistic to 26 electoral wards. The most likely and highly significant clusters found were identical for soft-tissue sarcomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and included the area around the municipal solid waste incinerator; standardized incidence ratios were 1.44 (observed number of cases = 45, focused test p value = 0.004) and 1.27 (observed number of cases = 286, focused test p value = 0.00003), respectively. Conversely, Hodgkin's disease exhibited no specific spatial distribution. Confounding by socioeconomic status, urbanization, or patterns of medical referral seemed unlikely to explain the clusters. Although consistent, these findings should be confirmed by further investigation (e.g., a case-control study in which dioxins are measured in biologic tissues) before clusters of soft-tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are ascribed to dioxin released by the municipal solid waste incinerator.     

Dioxin effects on neonatal and infant thyroid function: routes of perinatal exposure, mechanisms of action and evidence from epidemiology studies

Objectives: Animal experiments suggest that thyroid function alterations in newborns and infants may represent one of the most sensitive markers of toxicity from 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Dioxin can be transferred from the mother to the offspring either in utero or through lactation. It has been suggested that thyroid-hormone alterations produced by dioxin in utero or shortly after birth may underlie long-term effects, such as cognitive-ability and neurodevelopment impairment. In the present review article, we appraise available evidence on the effects of perinatal exposure to dioxin on fetal and infant thyroid function. Methods: We summarized the routes of perinatal dioxin exposure and research results on possible mechanisms of dioxin toxic effects on thyroid function. We performed a systematic review of epidemiology studies conducted on mother–child pairs exposed to background environmental levels to investigate dioxin effects on neonatal and infant thyroid function. Results: Toxicological and mechanistic data indicate that dioxin may impair thyroid function in exposed newborns and infants. Investigations on background-exposed children have not consistently demonstrated an association between perinatal TCDD exposure and thyroid function, although some of the studies suggest that sub-clinical hypothyroidism may be induced by perinatal dioxin exposure within 3 months from birth. Between studies inconsistencies may be related to lab method differences, mixed exposures, and small sample size of the populations evaluated. Conclusion: Epidemiology studies have as yet failed to demonstrate an association between perinatal TCDD exposure and thyroid function alterations in human subjects, although suggestive evidence from animal and in-vitro experimental data is available.     

垃圾焚烧发电地区儿童二噁英暴露水平及特征研究

目的分析垃圾焚烧发电厂周边儿童体内二噁英负荷水平、分布特征和人群二噁英外暴露水平。方法设距垃圾焚烧发电厂1km S镇为污染点,200km外的L镇为对照点,采集S镇90名及L镇60名10～11岁儿童外周静脉血,另采集两地土壤、鲫鱼和鸡蛋各3份,检测样本中二噁英浓度及计算毒性当量(TEQ)并分析对比。结果污染点儿童血中二噁英浓度与TEQ均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);鸡蛋和鲫鱼中二噁英浓度与TEQ、土壤中二噁英浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。两地样本的二噁英单体分布类似,其中单体浓度最高的为八氯代二苯并二噁英(OCDD),TEQ贡献最高的为2,3,4,7,8-五氯代二苯并呋喃(2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF)。结论垃圾焚烧发电厂周边土壤中二噁英浓度增高,当地儿童噁恶英外暴露和内负荷水平均显著增高。     

Dioxin exposure in a residential community.

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) conducted biological testing to assess dioxin exposure in residents of a community who lived in an area with heavy chemical industry. Dioxin concentrations were measured in blood serum samples from 28 adult residents of the community. Fourteen of those tested had blood dioxin concentrations that exceeded the 95th percentile prediction level of an age-matched comparison population. Specific congener analyses indicated that the elevated dioxin concentrations were primarily due to high concentrations of 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8 pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), and hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (HxCDs). Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that the profiles of dioxin congeners were different in people with elevated blood dioxin concentrations compared to those with background concentrations. Elevated blood dioxin concentrations were detected only in older members of the population, which suggests that dioxin exposures were higher in the past. The sources of the dioxin exposure have not been identified.