替代燃煤小热电的F级燃气热电联产机组的选型分析

在对张家港市主城片区建设燃气热电联产机组替代燃煤小热电必要性分析的基础上,结合当地实际情况,阐述选择F级燃气—蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组的可行性,并对当前F级燃气热电联产机组的主流机型、性能和特点进行分析,进而提出燃气热电联产机组选型方案。分析认为,主机设备装机方案的选择,不仅要从机组的经济技术角度考虑,还要考虑整个机组运行高效、安全、可靠、灵活、供热连续等诸多因素,更要考虑投产后运行维护和检修费用,只有全面进行分析与比较,才能做出合理的选择。     

小型热电联产系统的热效率分析

以装机容量为12MW的某背压式供热机组为例,分冬季和夏季两种工况对小型蒸汽热电联产系统各部分的热效率以及各设备的性能参数进行了分析,得出了热负荷变化对热电联产热效率的影响关系,提出在全年热负荷变化较大的情况下,小型热电机组热效率不高,系统全年节能效果不理想。     

北方某省热电联产节能减排审计案例分析

分析了北方某省电力分布及电力总体调度情况,运用总量分析和对比分析等方法,对部分个体供热小机组效率与单纯供热锅炉效率进行分析,得出两个结论:(1)5万千瓦以下热电联产机组对整个区域的节能减排具有重要的作用;(2)对外电力输送是增强该地区电力节能减排的重要途径。     

合理发展热电联产 充分发挥节能效益

１前言 热电联产是国际上成熟的节能技术．近年来各发达国家为减排ＣＯ２都在大力发展热电联产，形式亦日趋多样化．我国颁布的《节能法》第２９条中，亦将热电联产列为国家鼓励发展的节能技术的首项．作为《节能法》实施条例的首项，１９９８年２月由国家计委、国家经贸委、电力部、建设部联合下发了《关于发展热电联产的若干规定》（以下简称《规定》）详细明确了有关事宜． 鉴于我国大量落后的工业供热和城市供暖锅炉还在运行，考虑热、电、冷联供可解决空调用能的发展前景，这一技术在我国有广阔的发展空间，同时亦是贯彻可持续发展战略…     

热电联产机组认定的节能意义

以一台12MW热电联产机组为例,分析热电联产替代小锅炉供热的节能效果,指出热电联产认定的节能意义。     

对热电联产的再思考

介绍了市场经济体制下热电联产向采暖供热冲击，阐述了热电联产的界定，这样的界定保证了热电机组能源利用率达到了节能、环保效果。特别是对生产常年工业用热，效果是明显的。     

热电联产在低碳经济背景下的发展趋势

阐述了当前低碳经济的产生背景及内涵,剖析热电联产对降低碳排放的作用,指出了热电联产在节能减排过程中的新定位及发展方向。通过改造大型凝汽机组为供热机组这一举措,可实现节能减排、低碳循环经济。     

热电联产在低碳经济背景下的发展趋势

阐述了当前低碳经济的产生背景及内涵,剖析热电联产对降低碳排放的作用,指出了热电联产在节能减排过程中的新定位及发展方向。通过改造大型凝汽机组为供热机组这一举措,可实现节能减排、低碳循环经济。     

电力负荷和供热负荷的灰色关联分析

电力负荷与供热负荷紧密相关，热电联产有利于节能和改善环境质量。文章对两者进行了灰色关联分析，以期对是否采用热电联产提供一个科学的依据。     

基于等价煤耗法的热电联产机组热经济性分析

热电联产机组热经济性代表了热电厂能量利用水平、热功转换技术的先进水平和运行的经济水平,因而准确地分析热电联产机组热经济性显得尤为重要.等价煤耗法是把电厂实际发电效益和供热效益通过热、电等价转换,得到等价发电量,进而得到等价煤耗率.结合300 MW机组,首先分别用热量法、实际焓降法和等价煤耗法对热电联产机组煤耗率进行计算,并通过分析比较,证明了等价煤耗法在评价热电联产机组方面的可行性和准确性;其次比较了同一热电联产机组在供热期和非供热期的煤耗率——供热期煤耗率比非供热期煤耗率低,从而证明了热电联产机组在节能方面优于纯凝机组.     

Proliferation of district heating using local energy resources through strategic building-stock management: A case study in Fukushima,Japan

District heating systems using cogeneration technology and renewable resources are considered as an effective approach to resources conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, widespread aging and depopulation problems, as well as the popularization of energy-saving technologies in buildings, are estimated to greatly decrease energy consumption, leading to inefficiency in district heating and barriers to technology proliferation. From a long-term perspective, land use changes, especially the progression of compact city plans, have the potential to offset the decrement in energy consumption that maintains the efficiency of district heating systems. An integrated model is developed in this paper based on building cohort analysis to evaluate the economic feasibility and environmental impact of introducing district heating systems to a long-term compact city plan. As applied to a case in the Soma Region of Fukushima, Japan, potential migration from the suburbs to the central station districts is simulated, where district heating based on gas-fired cogeneration is expected to be introduced. The results indicate that guided migration to produce concentrated centers of population can substantially increase the heat demand density, which supports a wider application of district heating systems and better low-carbon performance. These results are further discussed in relation to technology innovation and related policies. It is concluded that policies related to urban land use planning and energy management should be integrated and quantitatively evaluated over the long-term with the aim of supporting urban low-carbon sustainable development.     

M701F4燃气轮机“二拖一”联合循环热电联供系统的热电特性

为了提高能源利用效率,提高经济效益和环境效益,燃气一蒸汽联合循环热电联产系统已受到广泛的关注,目前国内大部分的联合循环机组均要求热电联供,为工业用汽或城市采暖提供蒸汽。本文介绍了东方汽轮机／三菱重工M701F4燃气轮机“二拖一”联合循环热电联供系统及其特点,分析了供热设计条件下该系统的热电负荷特性,供工程设计和电厂运行参考。     

高压燃气调压器建模与仿真

根据重型燃气轮机的高压燃气调压器的工作原理,建立了能够描述调压器静态和动态特性的数学模型,并利用Matlab／Simulink软件建立了其仿真模型。通过数值仿真,分析了低压腔体积、弹簧弹性系数、皮膜面积等关键设计因素对燃气调压器静态和动态特性的影响。研究结果对燃气轮机燃气调压器的技术开发、设计和选型具有参考价值。     

火电厂节能环保供热装置的设计及应用

排烟热损失是锅炉各项热损失中最大的一项,它直接影响锅炉效率及发电煤耗。一般情况下,排烟温度每升高10℃,煤耗将增加2 g/(kW·h)左右。因此,降低排烟温度、回收烟气热量对于节能降耗、提高经济效益具有重要的实际意义。对火电厂节能环保供热装置的设计及应用进行了探讨。该设备采用烟气余热回收技术,将高温排烟热量传递给空气,再进行城市及工业区供热,实现了热量的回收,节省了燃煤量,同时也减少了污染物的排放,还提高了锅炉效率,有利于城市及工业区的可持续发展。     

燃气轮机热电联供系统性能评估案例

对某供热厂的燃气轮机热电联供系统进行了研究,将燃煤分产和燃气分产进行了全方面的比较,其性能评价对合理应用CHP有重要作用。在热电分产的节能性方面,以燃气-蒸汽联合循环电厂和燃气锅炉作为比较的基准线,全年平均节能率为8.9%;在运行经济性方面,燃气轮机系统与燃煤锅炉分产相比,每年节省46万元,与燃气锅炉分产相比,每年节省182万元,且节省费用随着电价的增加而增加,随着气价的增加而减少。另外,与燃煤锅炉分产相比时,还随着煤价的增加而增加;在排放物方面,燃气轮机联供系统与燃煤分产和燃气分产对比,NOx减排量并不显著,而其余排放物有明显地减少。燃气轮机系统与燃煤以及燃气锅炉相比具有一定的优越性,在设计合理的情况下具有良好的前景。     

Optimal sizing of residential gas engine cogeneration system for power interchange operation from energy-saving viewpoint

A power interchange operation, in which electricity generated by residential gas engine cogeneration systems is shared among the residences in a housing complex without a reverse power flow to a commercial electric power system, has a high energy-saving effect. In this study, the optimal sizing of the residential gas engine cogeneration system for the power interchange operation is discussed from the energy-saving viewpoint by conducting optimal operational planning based on mixed-integer linear programming. First, the scale effect of the residential gas engine cogeneration system on its performance is identified from the nominal performances of commercial devices. Then, the energy-saving effect of the power interchange operation is analyzed from the optimal operation patterns for various system scales. The result shows that the energy-saving effect increases with the system scale because the heat to power ratio of the system decreases and approaches that of the demand because of the increase in generating efficiency. However, systems with a rated electric output larger than 1 kW exhibit almost the same energy-saving effect. Hence, it is concluded that a system with a rated electric output of 1 kW, which is a commercial device for residential applications, is the optimal scale for the power interchange operation.     

关于小型采暖背压机组热化系数适用范围

有关采暖机组的热化系数业界已有较深入的分析和研究,但以往重点关注的只是一个点,实际上由于城市（系统）的热负荷是发展的动态参数,热电机组配置一旦确定后（在相当时间段不会变化）,热化系数即应是热负荷的变化函数,因此研究热化系数对系统的影响,不应仅仅看一个点上是否适合,而应研究在一个时间段上的适合度。本文以严寒地区采暖背压机组为例,讨论热化系数对热电联产供热系统的适应性,以确定机组热化系数适用范围,希望本文能对热电联产系统采暖背压机组的规模选择提供一些有益的帮助。     

Zero-emissions gas-fired cogeneration of power and hydrogen

International Gas Union stated at the 21st World Gas Conference in June 2000 that even a small portion of gas reserves can cover world demand over 200 years at the current production rate. Hence, the dominant energy source in the coming century is to be natural gas with an increased role of convergence of gas and power industry on zero-emission basis. In the paper, a scheme of gas-fired cogeneration of power and hydrogen is presented. It is a further development of a quasicombined zero-emission power cycle, published earlier. As a new element, it includes the chemical recuperation by methane-steam conversion. Mass, energy and exergy balances, T–S diagram of CO₂ part of the cycle and exergy efficiency in design point (89%) are presented. As it is essentially zero-emission, the plant might be located in a densely populated urban area for power, hydrogen and heat supply.     

热电联产机组的电力调峰运行模式研究

随着社会发展和产业结构的不断调整,用电结构不断变化,广东电力系统面临着日益加剧的调峰问题,系统调峰能力的不足成为制约电力发展的一个重要因素。利用热电联产机组参与调峰是解决上述问题的有效途径。文章从热电联产机组的建模出发,研究发电热耗、供电气耗、热电比与联合循环供电出力、供热量之间的关系,得出影响机组调峰能力的因素及调峰范围,通过对热电联产机组调峰能力的分析,提出热电联产机组应对电力系统调峰的运行模式。