转子-轴承系统裂纹-碰摩耦合故障的非线性特性研究

研究了带有裂纹和碰摩耦合故障的弹性转子系统的复杂运动。在同时考虑轴承油膜力和碰摩发生时转静件间的相对速度对非线性摩擦力的影响基础上,构造了含有裂纹-碰摩耦合故障转子系统的动力学模型。针对短轴承油膜力和裂纹-碰摩转子系统的强非线性特点,本文用Runge-Kutta法对转子-轴承系统由裂纹和碰摩耦合故障导致的非线性动力学行为进行了数值仿真研究,发现该类系统在运行过程中存在周期运动、拟周期运动和混沌运动等丰富的非线性现象,研究结果为转子-轴承系统故障诊断、动态设计和安全运行提供了理论参考。     

高速转子系统油膜涡动动力学特性及其影响因素

以某实际滑动轴承支撑下的转子轴承系统为对象,建立非线性油膜力作用下的转子轴承系统的动力学模型,应用非线性动力学理论对该系统进行动力学响应特性数值模拟,利用幅频特性曲线、分岔图、三维谱图等研究系统响应随偏心距、转速、润滑油粘度、半径间隙、轴承长度和轴颈半径等因素的变化对油膜涡动的影响规律。为工程实际中转子系统的优化设计、故障诊断、振动控制等提供参考。     

二元合金薄膜的表面偏析

本文评述了广泛应用于描述平衡态和动态偏析的修正Darken模型。该模型首次提出了偏析的驱动力是化学势梯度,并成功地应用于定量描述体块材料的平衡态和动态的表面偏析。在考虑到薄膜体系中的尺寸效应后,引入了一个约束条件,再将其应用于修正的Darken模型,实现了在所有的浓度和薄膜厚度范围内,对合金薄膜体系的平衡态和动态的表面偏析的模拟计算。并利用该模型模拟了N(i111)Cu二元合金薄膜系统的平衡态和动态的表面偏析。     

Optical properties of an octadecylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayer on a silicon wafer

We report a study of a full-coverage octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA or ODPA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) spin-coated on the native oxide layer (SiO₂) of a single crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflectometry (SR). The OPA SAM showed characteristics of being a dielectric film in visible range and becoming absorbing in deep-UV range. By assuming an optical stack model of OPA/SiO₂/c-Si for the OPA monolayer system and adopting the parameterized Tauc-Lorentz dispersion model, we obtained an excellent fit of the model to the SE and SR data, from which dispersion of optical functions as well as thickness of the OPA film were deduced. The OPA film thickness measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on partial coverage OPA samples was used as the initial trial film thickness in the fitting processes. The deduced OPA film thickness from SE and SR data fitting was in good agreement with that obtained by AFM.     

扰动情况下双油槽圆形轴瓦滑动轴承性能分析

采用FLUENT软件及其提供的气穴模型,计算了双油槽圆形轴瓦滑动轴承的油膜压力分布及气穴存在区域大小和位置,并同其他边界条件进行了对比;讨论了进油压力对轴承的流场和承载能力的影响;利用自行改进的动网格技术对轴颈扰动速度对流场和油膜力的影响进行了非稳态计算。计算结果表明,进油压力对油膜力的影响较大,油膜压力受轴颈扰动速度的影响很大,油膜力与轴颈扰动速度明显呈非线性关系,利用改进的动网格技术可以很好地对轴承的动特性进行分析。论文为今后大扰动条件下转子-轴承系统的非线性动特性分析打下了基础,为滑动轴承的设计提供了一种理论参考依据     

汇流传动齿轮-转子-轴承系统非线性动力学分析

考虑齿侧间隙、传动误差和时变啮合刚度等非线性因素,并同时考虑滑动轴承非线性油膜力和齿轮啮合力的耦合影响,建立了汇流传动齿轮-转子-轴承系统的动力学模型。从转速方面出发,研究了齿轮系统的非线性动态响应,分析了齿轮啮合力和非线性油膜力之间的耦合作用,判断了转速变化下的油膜稳定性。结果表明：随着转速变化,系统表现出周期一运动、周期二运动、拟周期运动,混沌等丰富的动力学特性,并发现了拟周期分岔通向混沌的道路;随着转速升高,非线性啮合力和非线性油膜力先后对系统振动起到主要作用;油膜振动通过半频涡动失去了稳定性。     

压膜阻尼对原子力显微镜振动特性的影响研究

原子力显微镜(Atomic Force Microscope, AFM)在轻敲模式下工作时,随着探针针尖与样品距离的逐渐减小,空气压膜阻尼的作用随之增大。为研究压膜阻尼对原子力显微镜振动系统的影响,分别使用无针尖探针和微球针尖探针进行扫频实验,并基于振动理论将该过程简化,得到了两种不同的振动模型的系统刚度。在考虑压膜阻尼作用影响后,将微球针尖振动系统模型进一步简化为一维振子模型,并对压膜阻尼的影响进行讨论。实验表明空气压膜阻尼模型对于探针样品在微尺度下的作用过程是准确合理的。该结果对原子力显微镜轻敲模式研究具有重要意义。     

Wedge indentation of a thin film on a substrate based on micromorphic plasticity

In this article, we use the small strain micromorphic plasticity (MP) to study the wedge indentation of a thin film on a substrate and find qualitative agreement with experiments. A two-dimensional plane strain finite element formulation of the entire MP theory framework is outlined. The generalization of the radial return method for modeling the elasto-plastic deformation is presented. The numerical results show that the MP theory is capable of describing the initial fall in hardness at small depth of indentation and then the rise at larger depth for a soft film on a hard substrate. The indentation force and hardness increase with decreasing film thickness for a given depth. It is also shown that the hardness falls monotonically as the indentation depth increases and never approaches a constant for a hard film on a soft substrate. Contrary to the soft film/hard substrate system, the force and hardness diminish with decreasing film thickness for a given depth. Besides, the influences of internal length scale and hardening modulus of the film on hardness predictions are investigated.     

复杂转子-轴承-汽封耦合系统的非线性振动分析

基于非线性动力学和转子动力学理论,综合考虑Muszynska非线性汽封力、非线性油膜力和转子不平衡量的耦合作用,建立了双叶轮-轴承交错布置的复杂转子-轴承-汽封系统动力学模型。采用有限元法（FEM）推导系统运动微分方程,编程计算了系统转速、圆盘偏心量、汽封长度和汽封间隙等参数对系统动力特性的影响,并利用分岔图、频谱图、相轨迹和Poincare映射图表征了系统的运动性态。研究表明：耦合系统具有高度非线性,随着参数的变化系统呈现出周期运动、倍周期运动、准周期运动和混沌运动等复杂动力学行为。通过减小圆盘偏心,增加系统汽封长度,选取合适的汽封间隙有利于提高转子-轴承-汽封系统的稳定性,改善系统的运动特性。     

双跨转子-轴承系统裂纹-碰摩故障的非线性响应研究

分析了带有裂纹-碰摩故障的具有三轴承支承的双跨弹性转子系统的复杂非线性运动。在同时考虑轴承油膜力和碰摩发生时转静件间的相对速度对非线性摩擦力的影响基础上,构造了双跨裂纹-碰摩弹性转子-轴承系统动力学模型,并对系统裂纹、碰摩及其耦合故障对系统非线性动力学响应的影响进行了数值仿真研究。单一裂纹故障时系统响应在超临界转速区有短暂的混沌运动;单一碰摩故障时系统响应在亚临界转速区有拟周期运动出现;裂纹-碰摩耦合故障时在超临界转速区有较大范围的周期4运动区间,小裂纹对系统非线性特性的影响不明显。研究结果为转子-轴承系统故障诊断、动态设计和安全运行提供了一定的理论依据和参考。     

Dynamical Analysis of Rub-impact Rotor System with Asymmetric Oil Film Force

Considering the effect of non-symmetry film force,nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear friction force,a dynamical model of rub-impact rotor system is established,then the nonlinear dynamical behavior is studied by numerical analysis method.The effect of rotation speed,nonlinear stiffness ratio and speed effect factor on brifurcation and chaotic behavior for rub-impact rotor system is comprehensively analyzed.The analysis results show that the effect of non-symmetry film force,nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear friction force on the dynamical behavior of the rotor system has close relation with rotation speed.The chaotic behavior exists in a wider parameter region,and the chaotic evolution rule is more complicated.The research provides a reliable theory basis and reference for diagnosing some faults of the rotor system.     

Journal bearings design for a novel revolving vane compressor

This paper presents the theoretical details of the journal bearing design for Revolving Vane (RV) rotary type compressor. The mathematical models, force analysis, and the theoretical design analysis for the dynamically loaded journal bearing of the compressor are presented. The variations of the minimum oil film thickness and the maximum film pressure developed are shown and the influences of design parameters, compressor configurations, and operating conditions on the journal bearing performance are described. For an air-conditioning compressor of 1.5 kW cooling capacity, the lowest minimum oil film thickness for lower and upper journal bearings is 6.6 μm and 4.3 μm respectively, when the cylinder is simply supported and the rotor is cantilever-supported. The lowest minimum oil film thickness for the journal bearing, which supports the cylinder, reduces to 4.0 μm if the cantilever-type support is used. Besides that, a short-fat configuration of RV compressor is favorable in the interest of lowering bearing forces.     

横向流体激振力作用下的不平衡离心叶轮转子分岔特性研究

将叶轮转子系统简化为Jeffcott转子，建立了不平衡离心叶轮转子在非线性横向流体激振力和非线线轴承油膜力作用下的振动模型，并推导了系统的无量纲运动方程。运用数值积分法研究了系统的分岔特性。最后分析了横向流体激振力以及叶轮不平质量对离心叶轮系统动力学性能的影响。     

转子-轴承-密封系统的非线性动力学研究

将非线性油膜力模型Muszynska密封力模型相结合，综合研究转子一轴承一密封耦合系统在不平衡量激励下的非线性动力学特征。针对转速对耦合系统动态响应的影响进行了仿真计算，并利用系统轨迹图、Poincare映射和分叉图分析了耦合系统的非线性动力学特征。数值仿真表明，随着转速的变化，耦合系统呈现出复杂的动力学行为，产生了包括周期、倍周期、拟周期等丰富的振动现象，具有很强的非线性特征。     

一种液压式连续可变压缩比技术的研究

为进一步提高发动机燃烧效率,减少发动机有害气体的排放,提出了一种液压式连续可变压缩比技术的设计方案。它是通过液压系统控制偏心销转动来改变上止点的位置,从而使燃烧室体积发生变化,实现在调节区间内任意连续可变压缩比的改变。首先,根据所设计的方案分析了其液压系统在2个不同阶段的调节工作原理;然后,利用三维软件Solidworks2010对整个系统进行三维建模,根据模型设计的具体尺寸,得到连续可变压缩比调节的范围为8.81~22.43;最后分析了不同转速下活塞系统综合力（活塞惯性力和活塞表面气体压力的合力）的变化情况,并通过MATLAB与AMESim对构建的液压系统进行了联合仿真试验,探究了不同转速下活塞系统综合力向上和向下时液压系统的流量特性和压力特性。仿真结果表明：发动机转速在中低速条件下,活塞系统调节响应迅速,具有良好的动态特性,证明该设计具有一定实用性。仿真结果为用于液压容积调节的连续可变压缩比技术的实际应用提供了理论依据,具有重要的实际指导意义。     

The structure and modes of a compressible superfluid film

A formal apparatus is constructed for study of the structure and modes of a single-component film system. The essential ingredients of this apparatus are an equation of motion for the two-dimensional complex order parameter and an energy functional that is the driving force in this equation. The film profile, energy, chemical potential, third sound velocity, etc., are studied for four model films: model 1, a free-standing self-bound fluid; models 2:0 and 2:1, a self-bound fluid in a substrate potential; and model 3, a non-self-bound fluid in a substrate potential. Model 1 can be studied analytically; models 2:0, 2:1, and 3 are studied numerically. Liquid⁴He is a self-bound fluid; spin-polarized hydrogen is a non-self-bound fluid.     

A micro force sensor based on a single ZnO belt coated with chromium film

A micro force sensor was fabricated using a single ZnO belt coated with ultra thin Cr film. As a result of the piezoresistive effect of the ultra thin (in nano-scale) Cr film, the bending of the belt led to the change in the resistance of ultra thin Cr film. Based on the mechanics of the materials, the relationship between the deformation and the force was calculated, and a linear relationship between the bending force and the resistance of Cr thin film was deduced at small bending regions. Dielectrophoresis, focused ion beam (FIB) and sputtering were used in the process of the micro force sensor. The experimental results show that the resistance of Cr film is sensitive to the bending force and demonstrate the potential for developing a new class of stable and sensitive nano-sized structures for force sensing.     

润滑状态下线接触滑动粗糙界面的动摩擦特性研究

滑动粗糙界面的摩擦润滑特性对界面的润滑设计和润滑状态预测具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文通过建立不同润滑状态下的滑动粗糙界面模型,基于界面的法向载荷由润滑油膜和粗糙体共同承担的载荷分配思想,采用Greenwood-Williamson统计模型描述粗糙表面形貌,考虑界面润滑的时变效应和润滑油的粘-压特性,建立了线接触滑动粗糙界面的油膜厚度方程和粗糙体接触压力方程,获得了整个润滑区的润滑油膜载荷比例因子、油膜厚度和摩擦系数随滑动速度的变化关系,推导了界面由混合润滑过渡为液压润滑的临界速度关系表达式,分析了滑动粗糙界面的润滑承载机理,获得了界面油膜厚度、摩擦系数和临界速度随界面形貌参数、法向载荷、润滑油属性参数的变化规律,为机械结构的界面润滑设计、润滑状态预测和润滑优化提供理论和实验参考。     

一种非线性汽车悬架的亚谐共振及奇异性

研究了具有非线性刚度和非线性阻尼的单自由度汽车悬架在简谐路面激励作用下的亚谐共振。非线性刚度采用立方非线性模型，非线性阻尼采用改进Bingham模型。利用平均法得到了系统的幅频响应方程，并用奇异性理论对分岔方程进行了分析，得到了转迁集和分岔图。结果表明，系统分岔方程是超出十一种基本分岔之外的一种三参数普适开折。另外，还详细分析了系统参数对开折参数和分岔参数的影响，得到了一些有益的结论，可为悬架设计中系统参数的合理选择提供理论指导。     

Atomic force/tunneling microscope and its application to the study of dielectric breakdown of a diamond film on silicon

A simple design is proposed for an atomic force microscope where the force of interaction between the tip and the surface of the sample is recorded directly using the piezoceramic of an XYZ-manipulator. The force signal is used as a feedback signal to keep the gap between the tip and the surface constant, and its electrical conductivity is recorded at the same time. Results of modifying the electrical conductivity of a thin diamond film after electrical breakdown are presented. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 25, 80–86 (March 12, 1999)