600 MW超超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁传热特性研究

为获得超超临界压力下CFB锅炉水冷壁内、外传热特性,建立了水冷壁总传热系数计算模型,并通过高温高压条件下的实验数据拟合得到了工质侧传热系数关联式,将此关联式代入水冷壁总传热系数计算模型,使其预测精度大为提高。研究结果表明:水冷壁传热性能是工质侧传热系数、烟气侧传热系数以及水冷壁管导热性能耦合作用的结果;工质侧传热系数沿着炉膛高度的增加而增加,在30 m时出现第一次峰值,后墙、中隔墙和侧墙水冷壁传热系数分别为24.7,25.9和27.3 kW/(m~2·K),而且在此区间内波动剧烈,并在52 m附近达到最大值,后墙、中隔墙和侧墙水冷壁传热系数分别为33.8,35.1和36.2 kW/(m~2·K),超过50 m以上区域则迅速下降;在100%BMCR负荷下,水冷壁总传热系数沿着炉膛高度方向减小,在30 m以下区域,中隔墙、后墙、侧墙水冷壁总传热系数分别从220,215.2和213 W/(m~2·K)下降到了178,174和170 W/(m~2·K),而在30 m～50 m区间仅下降了4～5 W/(m~2·K),在炉膛顶部区域总传热系数几乎不变。     

夏热冬冷地区商场建筑围护结构的节能研究

采用DeST建筑环境模拟工具,以南京市某百货大楼为原型,进行模拟计算。探讨研究围护结构传热系数K值的改变对商场冷热负荷、空调运行时间的影响。模拟结果表明:夏热冬冷地区商场建筑围护结构传热系数K值并不是越小越节能,而是冬夏季存在一个平衡点,即围护结构K值选取范围为屋面:0.8~0.6W/(m2·K);墙体:1.0~0.7W/(m2·K);窗户:3.0~2.5W/(m2·K)。     

热电联供系统中烟气冷凝传热性能试验研究

针对烟气余热不能充分回收的问题,对能够充分回收烟气余热的新型热电联供系统中的烟气冷凝热回收设备进行试验研究,重点研究该工况下光滑管烟气冷凝设备的传热性能.研究结果表明,在该试验工况下,干式、冷凝段传热系数可达60 W/(m~2·K),冷凝段传热系数为90～100 W/(m~2·K),冷凝段传热系数约为干式段传热系数的1.5～1.7倍,并整理了该工况下的传热准则关系式,为该系统型式的推广应用提供设计与运行依据.     

壁挂式平板轧凸真空玻璃太阳能热水开水器

玻璃是现代生活中重要的建筑材料和生产材料.第一代单层玻璃热阻很小,而且对远红外热辐射几乎完全吸收,传热系数高达6.4W/(m2·K)左右,是240厚砖墙的4倍左右,第二代粘接密封中空玻璃,由于不产生空气对流的中间层,虽具有一时的隔声、隔热、防结露、降低冷辐射的功能,但其传热系数也偏高达3.24W/(m2·K);     

海水淡化用波纹管降膜蒸发强化传热实验研究

通过利用水平管降膜蒸发换热试验台分别对Φ19×0.75 mm的波纹管和光滑管进行实验研究。实验在变喷淋密度(0.007~0.130 kg/m·s)、变热通量(52~143 k W/m~2)、变传热温差(1.5~10.0℃)、变蒸发压力(0.020~0.065MPa)条件下进行。通过实验数据得到波纹管和光滑管传热系数与各影响因素(喷淋密度、热通量、传热温差、蒸发温度)之间的变化规律。实验结果表明:在一定范围内,降膜蒸发器的传热系数K随喷淋密度γ、热通量Q的增大、蒸发温度T的升高而增大,随传热温差Δt的增大而降低。当喷淋密度大于0.178 kg/(m·s)时,总传热系数趋于稳定,当热通量大于130 k W/m~2时,总传热系数的增速明显变缓。此外,不凝气含量对传热系数K的影响显著,在同等实验条件下波纹管的传热系数比光滑管提高近30%。     

1000MW机组凝汽器水侧流场的三维数值模拟

以某1 000MW机组为例,利用Fluent软件对凝汽器水侧的流场特性进行了数值模拟.结果表明:循环水在高压凝汽器和低压凝汽器前水室产生的较大漩涡区和循环水对管板的冲击,增加了循环水的阻力损失,影响了管束区水速的分布;在进口水室加装导流板和隔板上加装凸起扣板后,水室内的漩涡区明显减小,水速变得均匀平顺,循环水对隔板冲击现象明显减弱,且沿着凸起扣板方向进入管束,管束区平均水速提高了0.033m/s,整体平均传热系数增大了28 W/(m~2·K),改善了凝汽器水侧管束的传热效果.     

板壳式换热器流固耦合换热的数值模拟

以型号为IPS24的波纹板壳式换热器为研究对象,应用CFD软件ANSYS FLUENT16.0进行流体流动及耦合换热的数值模拟。结果表明:人字形波纹板结构对板壳式换热器传热性能有显著的增强,且能够有效地防止结垢;随着入口流速的增加,总对流传热系数增加,但也会导致压力损失增加,在流速为1.0 m/s时总传热系数达到1 519 W/(m~2·K),冷、热流体进出口压降也分别高达81.2和83.1 kPa。     

秸秆压缩块插孔纤维混凝土空心砌块墙体保温性能试验研究

采用热箱法测定了空心混凝土砌块和秸秆混凝土砌块的传热系数。试验结果表明:所测定单排单孔空心混凝土砌块平均传热系数K=1.78W/(m2.K),单排双孔空心混凝土砌块平均传热系数K=1.57W/(m2.K),秸秆压缩块混凝土砌块平均传热系数K=1.08W/(m2.K)。秸秆混凝土砌块作为墙体保温材料具有很好的隔热保温性能。     

一种现场测定土壤源热泵岩土热物性的新方法

利用现有土壤源热泵实验台测定了岩土热物性参数,采用传热学反问题的方法对实验数据进行分析。测试过程中从岩土取热,U型地埋管换热器形成一个线热汇,使其在测试过程中与热泵实际运行时的工作状态相接近,测试更准确,节省测量过程的耗电量。以每个采样时刻作为计算节点,取平均值作为计算结果。测定结果显示岩土导热系数为3.2W/(m·K),回填材料导热系数为2.0W/(m·K),岩土热扩散率为0.85×10~(-6)m~2/s。可靠性分析表明:其标准误差分别为0.08W/(m·K),0.04W/(m·K)和0.039×10~(-6) m~2/s。     

超声波除垢与强化传热实验研究

通过实验研究了流体在管内雷诺数达5.11×104时,超声波功率对抑垢、除垢的匹配关系及声空化强度对传热系数的影响。研究表明,超声波功率在200 W以下时具有抑垢效应;当功率超过200 W以上时具有除垢效果,并且除垢效果与波声功率成正比。超声波功率还对强化传热有明显影响。当超声波功率为300 W时,传热系数达765 W/(m2.K),达到最佳传热效果。本文还初步研究了超声波传播方向改变时对除垢效果的影响。     

A review of the applications of heat pipe heat exchangers for heat recovery

The waste heat recovery by heat pipes is accepted as an excellent way of saving energy and preventing global warming. This paper is a literature review of the application of heat pipes heat exchangers for the heat recovery that is focused on the energy saving and the enhanced effectiveness of the conventional heat pipe (CHP), two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) and oscillating heat pipe (OHP) heat exchangers. The relevant papers were allocated into three main categories, and the experimental studies were summarized. These research papers were analyzed to support future works. Finally, the parameters of effectiveness of the CHP, TPCT and OHP heat exchangers were described. This review article provides additional information for the design of heat pipe heat exchangers with optimum conditions in the heat recovery system.     

Internal heat generation in a discrete heat source: Conjugate heat transfer analysis

In the present work, we conduct an asymptotic and numerical analysis for the cooling process of a discrete heat source, which is placed in a rectangular-channel laminar cooling flow. In our physical model, the heated strip is embedded in a substrate, generating continuously a uniform volumetric heat rate. We assume that this heat-generation mechanism is due to an electrical current in the heat source. Hence, heat losses to the cooling fluid and to the substrate material during this process are presented. The governing equations of the cooling flow and the participating solid are reduced to an integro-differential equation that predicts the temperature variations of the heat source. We show that the conjugate heat transfer process is controlled by a conjugate nondimensional parameter, here denoted by α, which determines the basic heat transfer regimes between the cooling flow and the discrete heat source.     

地源热泵的套管式地下换热器传热研究

地源热泵是一种节能、对环境无害的绿色空调设备,可成为下个世纪冷暖技术的核心,采用能量平衡,建立了地下浅埋套管式换热器传热平衡式,进行求解,并分析了影响传热的各关联因子,提出了需研究的强化地下换热的措施,根据求解结果,给出了相应的函数关系图。对实验设计和工程实践有一定的指导作用。     

Waste heat recovery using heat pipe heat exchanger for heating automobile using exhaust gas

The feasibility of using heat pipe heat exchangers for heating applying automotive exhaust gas is studied and the calculation method is developed. Practical heat pipe heat exchanger is set up for heating HS663, a large bus. Simple experiments are carried out to examine the performance of the heat exchanger. It is shown that the experimental results, which indicate the benefit of exhaust gas heating, are in good agreement with numerical results.     

一种新颖简易的太阳能热动力转换装置--明托热机

明托热机(Minto Engine),俗称明托转轮,它 是通过液体活塞在转轮中不停地变换位置,产生不 同的动力矩,从而驱动转轮旋转的机器。明托热机 最早于1975年被维利·明托(Wally Minto)发明。 早期的明托热机结构十分简单,效率也很低,但由 于它能将低品位热能转变成高品位的动力。因而一 下子吸引了许多科学家的注意。之后,许多学者对 明托热机进行了研究,提出了许多改进的方向和应 用领域,推动了明托热机的发展。     

Forced convection heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks

This paper presents an analysis of forced convection heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks for electronic system cooling. In view of the small dimensions of the microstructures, the microchannel is modeled as a fluid-saturated porous medium. Numerical solutions are obtained based on the Forchheimer–Brinkman-extended Darcy equation for the fluid flow and the two-equation model for heat transfer between the solid and fluid phases. The velocity field in the microchannel is first solved by a finite-difference scheme, and then the energy equations governing the solid and fluid phases are solved simultaneously for the temperature distributions. Also, analytical expressions for the velocity and temperature profiles are presented for a simpler flow model, i.e., the Brinkman-extended Darcy model. This work attempts to perform a systematic study on the effects of major parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of forced convection in the microchannel heat sink. The governing parameters of engineering importance include the channel aspect ratio (α_s), inertial force parameter (Γ), porosity (ε), and the effective thermal conductivity ratio (k_r). The velocity profiles of the fluid in the microchannel, the temperature distributions of the solid and fluid phases, and the overall Nusselt number are illustrated for various values of the problem parameters. It is found that the fluid inertia force alters noticeably the dimensionless velocity distribution and the fluid temperature distribution, while the solid temperature distribution is almost insensitive to the fluid inertia. Moreover, the overall Nusselt number increases with increasing the values of α_s and ε, while it decreases with increasing k_r.     

Frosting of heat pump with heat recovery facility

This paper aims to prolong the heat pump frost time and reduce its growth with heat recovery facility, which should mix the exhausted indoor and outdoor air before entering the evaporator. An ideal mathematic model is developed for heat transfer, frost generation and airside pressure drop. The properties of the mixture would be obtained by solving the mass and energy conservation equations. A parametric analysis is performed to investigate the effects of air inlet temperature, relative humidity and air mass flow rate on total heat transfer coefficient, frost thickness and airside pressure drop, respectively. The results show that rationalizing the ratio of indoor and outdoor air could prolong frosting time and reduce the frost thickness greatly. The total heat transfer coefficient, frost thickness and airside pressure drop increase monotonically with time going, but are not proportional. Decreasing the mixture inlet air temperature and relative humidity could essentially reduce frost growth on the tube surfaces. This can also be observed when increasing the air mass flow rate.     

石墨烯-PFA复合材料换热器与金属换热器的传热性能对比

氟塑料换热器以其耐腐蚀、耐磨损等优点而备受关注,但氟塑料热导率较低,换热能力差,限制了其广泛应用。石墨烯-PFA复合材料兼具石墨烯优异的导热性和可熔性聚四氟乙烯(PFA)良好的耐酸碱腐蚀性,是新一代的换热器材料。搭建了余热回收测试实验台,对石墨烯-PFA复合材料换热器和金属换热器的传热性能进行对比。研究了不同烟气流速、不同进口烟气温度以及不同石墨烯配比对复合材料传热性能的影响。结果表明:对于金属换热器和复合材料换热器,当烟气流速从2.0增加到4.0 m/s时,传热系数分别增加到原来的1.19和1.34倍;随着进口烟温的升高,两种材质的传热系数分别降低了15.6%和14.7%;随着石墨烯含量增加,复合材料的导热系数以及传热系数均增加。