一种新型复合润滑油添加剂摩擦学性能的研究

用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了油溶性二烷基二硫代磷酸铜(CuDDP)和有机硼酸酯(OB)的减摩抗磨性能,探讨了CuDDP与OB的协同减摩抗磨作用的协同减摩抗磨作用;采用扫描电镜分析了磨斑表面化学状态和深度分布。结果表明,CuDDP和OB具有优良的减摩抗磨性能,且二者具有优异的协同减摩抗磨作用。其主要原因在于有机硼酸酯促进了二烷基二硫代磷酸铜的分解,形成了铜与硼的渗透层。     

一种含磷硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的制备及性能研究

试验采用酯化法,选用乙醇作为带水剂,以十六醇、硼酸与五氧化二磷为原料,在一定的条件下反应,生成一种水解稳定性高、抗磨性能好的含磷硼酸酯润滑油添加剂。合成的最佳反应条件为十六醇、硼酸与五氧化二磷的摩尔比为7∶2∶1,反应温度为105~110℃,脱水反应4 h。用四球机测试含该添加剂的基础油的抗磨性能,结果表明试验制备的含磷硼酸添加剂能显著提高基础油的抗磨性能,且其添加剂存在一个最佳值。将所合成的含磷硼酸酯润滑油添加剂在新东北电气集团罐体车间试用,润滑效果与抗磨性能非常适宜。     

一种含硫氮杂环硼酸酯作为润滑脂多功能添加剂的性能研究

以正己醇、硼酸和2-氨基-5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑合成一种多功能型添加剂——有机硼酸酯噻二唑衍生物(BSN)。对BSN作为多功能添加剂在复合锂基脂中的减摩/抗磨性能、抗氧化性能及铜腐蚀抑制性能进行考察。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对试盘磨斑表面形貌及化学成分进行表征分析。试验结果表明:BSN作为添加剂能够有效提升润滑脂的减摩和抗磨性能,具有改善抗氧化及抑制铜腐蚀性能;BSN在摩擦过程中存在化学吸附及摩擦化学反应,在试盘表面形成一层以FeO、FeSO_4和有机硼氮小分子组成的复杂边界摩擦膜,从而提升了减摩和抗磨性能。     

妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺与硼酸酯复配性能研究

为了探究防锈剂三乙醇胺硼酸酯(TB)对水基润滑添加剂妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺(TOAD)性能影响,获得综合性能更加优良的水基润滑剂,选择2 g TOAD分别与1~5 g的TB复配出100 g的水基液为研究对象,分别参照GB/T 3142—1982、GB/6144—2010探究其极压抗磨、防腐防锈性能。研究表明,TB极压值小于98 N,极压性能差,但可以极大提高TOAD的极压抗磨性能。2%TOAD水基润滑液不具有腐蚀性,但防锈作用不强;TB水基防锈液防锈效果好,但对铝合金具有腐蚀作用;TOAD与TB复配液表现出更好的防腐防锈性能。     

妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺与硼酸酯复配性能研究

为了探究防锈剂三乙醇胺硼酸酯(TB)对水基润滑添加剂妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺(TOAD)性能影响,获得综合性能更加优良的水基润滑剂,选择2 g TOAD分别与1⁵ g的TB复配出100 g的水基液为研究对象,分别参照GB/T 3142—1982、GB/6144—2010探究其极压抗磨、防腐防锈性能。研究表明,TB极压值小于98 N,极压性能差,但可以极大提高TOAD的极压抗磨性能。2%TOAD水基润滑液不具有腐蚀性,但防锈作用不强;TB水基防锈液防锈效果好,但对铝合金具有腐蚀作用;TOAD与TB复配液表现出更好的防腐防锈性能。     

新型六元环含氮硼酸酯极压抗磨剂的合成及摩擦性能研究

有机硼酸酯作为一种新型多功能润滑油添加剂,具有优良的减摩抗磨性能,但和所有的酯类一样,普通硼酸酯非常容易水解,从而使润滑油的减摩、抗磨性能下降。笔者以在硼酸酯分子中引入配位键从而降低硼的缺电子性为出发点,合成出一种水解稳定性高、抗磨减摩性好的六元环亚胺型含氮硼酸酯,经测试水解时间为17 d。并用四球试验机考察了它的润滑性能,在液体石蜡基础油中,质量分数为3%时极压抗磨效果最好,磨斑直径减小16.67%,同时PB值提高22.86%,PD值提高26.94%。     

二硫代磷酸硫化氧钼的合成

二烷基二硫代磷酸硫化氧钼是一种具有优异抗磨减摩性能的润滑油添加剂。本文研究了二硫代磷酸硫化氧钼的合成方法,并对其抗磨减摩性能进行了初步评定。     

含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的合成与性能研究

采用油酸与二乙醇胺和硼酸为原料,以DNW型树脂做催化剂,在155～160℃,减压的条件下合成了含氮硼酸脂润滑油添加剂,研究了催化剂和反应时间对反应出水量和产物收率的影响.在原料配比恒定,催化剂用量为7％,减压脱水反应6.5h的条件,收率可达到91.7％.用FT-IR表征了含氮硼酸酯的结构,四球试验机和SEM测试含氮硼酸酯的摩擦学性能,并考察了水解稳定性和相溶性.结果表明:含氮硼酸脂润滑油添加剂具有良好的水解稳定性和相溶性,能显著提高基础油的抗磨极压性能,当添加量为1％时,磨斑直径和能够减小到0.39mm,最大无卡咬负荷(PB)提高到510N.     

硼酸二甘油酯脂肪酸酯的合成研究

以硼酸、甘油为原料,在氮气保护下合成硼酸二甘油酯,然后在强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化下分别与月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸反应合成出3种具有半极性键的有机硼酸酯表面活性剂.用红外光谱确定了产物的结构.研究了硼酸二甘油酯月桂酸酯的合成工艺,得到了优化的工艺条件,结果表明:硼酸与甘油的摩尔比为1∶2.0,反应温度为180 ℃,反应时间为4 h时,硼酸二甘油酯的收率为96.0%;硼酸二甘油酯与月桂酸的摩尔比为1∶0.9,反应温度为200 ℃,反应时间为3.5 h,催化剂用量(相对于月桂酸的质量)为2.0%时,月桂酸转化率为97.5%.硼酸二甘油酯肉豆蔻酸酯和硼酸二甘油酯硬脂酸酯在相同的工艺条件下合成时酸转化率分别为97.0%和96.4%.该工艺具有酸转化率高,后处理工艺简单的优点.     

二烷基二硫代磷酸锌与硫、磷添加剂的复配特性研究

在四球机上考察了二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZDDP）及其与硫、磷、硫－磷极压抗磨剂复合对润滑油的极压抗磨性能的影响。实验表明,这类含活性元素的添加剂适当复配后,对极压抗磨性能有增效作用;同一类型添加剂活性愈高,增效作用愈明显。     

Lubricants and lubricant additives: III. Performance characteristics of some thioacetate,phosphorodithioate, and hexachlorocyclopentadiene derivatives of stearic acid amides and esters

A number of N-mono, N,N-disubstitured amides, and esters of substituted fatty acids have been prepared and evaluated as base lubricants and lubricant additives for paraffin (S-105) or diester (DOS) base oils. The effect of acetylthio, phosphorodithio, thio, chloro, and bromotrichloromethyl substituents, as well as hexachlorocyclopentadiene adducts upon performance as antiwear and extreme-pressure lubricants was investigated. Sulfurized 1,4-bis(pentachlorostearoyloxy)-2-butene was most effective in extreme-pressure (EP) tests, both neat and as an additive for S-105 and DOS base oils. Several of the phosphorodithio derivatives have good antiwear properties when formulated in one or both of the base oils, and were also fair EP additives. Of the addition compounds evaluated in this study, the phosphorodithio derivatives offer the most promise for development as antiwear additives for both paraffin and diester base oils. The sulfurized products offer the most promise as EP additives.     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the reaction products of hydroxyl fatty acids with some acid anhydrides

Several adducts were prepared from the thermal reaction of hydroxyl fatty acids (ricinoleic acid oligomers, 12-hydroxystearic acid oligomers, oleyl alcohol, dehydrated castor oil fatty acids, and dimer acid) with maleic anhydride and screened as water-soluble cutting fluids. For example, aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with the products of ricinoleic acid oligomers, 12-hydroxystearic acid dimer, and 12-hydroxysteric acid hexamer showed good antirust properties for waterbased cutting fluids. Various half esters of hydroxyl fatty compounds with acid anhydrides were prepared. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts of half esters of maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride and phthalic anhydride with hydroxyl fatty acids gave good antirust and antiwear properties for waterbased cutting fluids.     

硼酸酯表面活性剂的研究及应用

介绍了硼酸酯表面活性剂的结构以及性能改善的方法，综述了硼酸酯表面活性剂的合成研究进展及其在抗静电、阻燃和抗磨等领域的应用现状，重点阐述了高分子硼酸酯表面活性剂抗静电性能的研究应用，并对其在含能材料等工业部门的应用前景进行了展望。附参考文献27篇。     

Lubricants and lubricant additives: II. Performance characteristics of some substituted fatty acid esters

Sixty-one compounds, principally substituted fatty esters of mono- and polyhydric alcohols, but including some amides and two imidazolidines, were prepared and evaluated as lubricants and lubricant additives for paraffin and diester base oils. The effects of chloro, phosphato, phosphorodithio, thio, epithio, mercapto, and sulfuryl substituents, alone and in certain combinations, on the performances of the compounds as antiwear and extreme pressure lubricants were investigated. The epithio (thiirane) group was the most effective and consistent in enhancing extreme pressure and antiwear performances of the compounds as additives. Sulfurized and chloro-sulfone derivatives also were effective, but perhaps somewhat less predictably so, than the epithio derivatives. The phosphato and phosphorodithio derivatives were good, consistent, antiwear additives, but only the latter seemed potentially useful for improving extreme pressure lubrication. Structure-performance correlations favor use of the esters over the amides.     

Some esters of mono-, di-, and tricarboxystearic acid as lubricants: Preparation and evaluation

Conditions were determined for selective alkaline transesterification of methyl 9(10)-carbomethoxystearate. With 2,2-dimethylpentanol and 2-ethylhexanol, the corresponding alkyl 9(10)-carbomethoxystearates were obtained in good yield. These two mixed alkyl diesters, along with other alkyl esters of mono-9(10)-, di- and tricarboxystearic acids prepared by conventional methods, were evaluated as lubricants. Several esters compared favorably with dioctyl sebacate used as the control. The esters had high viscosity indices and low American Society for Testing and Materials slopes. The pour point of purified dimethylpentyl 9(10)-carbomethoxystearate is below −70 C. Several esters have antiwear properties when added to the control oil.     

膨胀型阻燃剂在聚丙烯中的应用

对自制的膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)进行了预处理并添加了协效阻燃剂等助剂,形成一种高效的膨胀型阻燃体系。通过氧指数、热重分析和扫描电子显微镜等检测手段,考察了该阻燃体系的阻燃性能和添加量。IFR、硼酸锌和其他助剂最佳质量比为25：2：2。改进后的膨胀型阻燃体系用于聚丙烯,不仅阻燃性能优良,同时还具有较好的力学性能。     

极压抗磨添加剂硼酸酯的合成

以硼酸和醇醚为原料。采用直接酯化法,合成水溶性的硼酸醇醚酯,分别考察了溶剂量、反应温度对酯化反应的影响。获得了最佳的工艺条件。并对其抗磨性在切削液的应用作了测试,证明了其作为新型极压抗磨剂的前景是非常广阔的。     

一种含氮硫杂环硼酸酯的制备及摩擦学性能

以2-[2-苯并噻唑基]为原料合成了2-[2-苯并噻唑基]硫代乙醇(BTE),再以该BTE合成了一种含氮硫杂环硼酸酯(SNHB)添加剂,并采用FTIR、元素分析对其结构进行了表征。考察了BTE、SNHB的油溶性、热稳定性以及SHNB的水解稳定性。采用四球摩擦磨损试验研究了BTE及SNHB在菜籽油中的减摩、抗磨以及极压性能。采用SEM、EDS观察和分析了钢球磨斑表面形貌及元素。研究结果表明,合成的产物为目标产物BTE和SNHB;在相同的试验条件下,SNHB和BTE在菜籽油中完全溶解,具有较好的油溶性;SNHB和BTE的分解温度范围分别是从270.50~396.01℃、253.04~326.83℃,两者均具有良好的热稳定性,且SNHB的热稳定性优于BTE;SNHB的水解时间超过7天,而市售的硼酸三异丙酯仅为10 min,SNHB有较好的水解稳定性;在不同载荷、添加比例等条件下SNHB的摩擦学性能明显优于BTE。     

High-Performance Multifunctional Fuel Additives Derived from Renewable Fatty Acids and Phosphazene

The increasing need for high-quality diesel fuel can be fulfilled by using environmental friendly, high-performance additives. We have synthesized novel fatty acid-derived multifunctional additives coupled with phosphazene moiety having the backbone of alternative nitrogen and phosphorous atoms which provided stability, while the additives possessed affinity for the metal surface to form a surface-complex film leading to the hindered metal contact and providing friction-reducing and antiwear properties. In addition, the applicability of the synthesized additives was investigated by testing the anti-oxidant and anticorrosion properties in polyethylene glycol (PEG200) which was taken as the reference base fluid. A rotating bomb oxidation test was used to evaluate the anti-oxidant characteristics, and a four-ball test for the tribological properties. Among the synthesized additives, phosphazene ester of erucic acid exhibited the best antiwear and antifriction properties; however, phosphazene ester of oleic acid was found to be the best anti-oxidant additive.