矩形电磁冷坩埚连续铸造钛合金的成形性研究

在自行研制的多功能冷坩埚电磁约束定向凝固装置上进行了钛合金扁形锭的冷坩埚连续成形试验,考察了工艺参数变化对所成形钛合金锭成形性的影响.结果表明增大感应线圈匝数和增加加热功率可提高铸锭表面质量,但是提高抽拉速度和降低底料与线圈之间的相对位置会降低表面质量.在所研究的参数中,对铸锭表面质量影响的主次因素依次为感应线圈的匝数、加热功率、抽拉速度、底料相对线圈位置.在讨论这些参数的作用原理基础上,提出了可获得良好表面质量的工艺参数,获得了截面为矩形、表面光滑、无裂纹缺陷的钛合金矩形锭.     

钛合金冷坩埚电磁约束铸造工艺研究

针对液态下化学性质相对活泼的钛合金,采用冷坩埚技术对电磁约束铸造工艺过程进行了试验研究,考察了工艺条件对成形坯件表面质量和内部组织的影响.结果表明:试样抽拉速度变化对表面质量和宏观组织的影响明显,加热功率虽然对组织变化影响不大,但对表面质量影响较为显著.通过优化工艺,可以获得既有较光滑铸造表面又具有一次定向凝固组织的钛合金铸件.讨论了铸造过程裂纹和组织缺陷的形成机理,获得到了表面光滑无裂纹,宏观组织为柱状晶的钛合金大尺寸圆坯.     

Ti44Al6Nb合金在定向凝固过程中的组织变化行为分析

以Ti44Al6Nb合金为研究对象,采用多功能电磁冷坩埚定向凝固设备,利用改变抽拉速率和加热功率来控制凝固界面前沿的生长速率和温度梯度,研究定向凝固过程中的组织演变行为规律。结果表明,随着抽拉速率的不断变大,Ti44Al6Nb合金表面质量呈先变差再变好的趋势,随加热功率的升高其表面质量变好。晶粒尺寸随抽拉速率的变大而不断变大,随加热功率的升高晶粒明显变小。其初始凝固相有α相和β相两种。     

工艺参数对冷坩埚定向凝固钛合金宏观组织的影响

用电磁冷坩埚进行定向凝固可以将电磁冷坩埚和定向凝固技术的优点相结合，为难熔、活泼金属的定向凝固开辟新的方法，但工艺过程复杂，影响因素众多，为了解冷坩埚定向凝固过程和宏观组织演变规律，本实验通过正交实验得到了工艺参数对宏观组织的影响规律，研究发现抽拉速度是影响宏观组织最主要的因素，其他因素影响不显著，随抽拉速度降低，晶粒数量明显减少，当抽拉速度为1mm／min时，能获得定向凝固组织。理论分析表明，工艺参数通过影响驼峰和凝固界面的位置和形状，以及吸收和导出的热量而影响宏观组织。     

TiAl基合金方坯冷坩埚电磁约束铸造工艺研究

利用冷坩埚电磁约束铸造工艺制备了Ti-46A1-0.5W-0.5Si的定向凝固试样,并集中考察了冷坩埚法定向凝固条件下方坯试样的表面质量、宏观组织及微观组织.研究表明,电磁场的干扰对试样表面质量的影响比较大;随抽拉速度的增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,晶粒数目增多;并且发现Ti-46A1-0.5W-0.5Si合金定向凝固是一个非平衡态的过程,凝固过程中初生相既有β相又有α相.     

冷坩埚连续熔化与定向凝固Ti50Al合金的温度场计算(英文)

为了优化工艺参数和实现定向凝固,计算不同参数条件下的冷坩埚连续熔化与定向凝固Ti50Al(摩尔分数,%)合金的温度场。模型中的连续铸造通过识别运动单元的不同位置而实现。结果表明,在功率为52kW和抽拉速度为3.0mm/min时,送料棒在200s时可以完全熔化,在300s时具有一定的过热度。当功率为52kW时,随着抽拉速度从1.2mm/min加快到6.0mm/min,送料棒的过热度和熔区都减小,并且固-液界面变凹,其中在6.0mm/min时,送料棒不能被完全熔化。当抽拉速度为3.0mm/min时,随着功率从48kW增加到58kW,固-液界面位置变低且变凹,当功率为48kW时,送料棒不能被完全熔化。当抽拉速度和功率配合恰当时,可以实现冷坩埚连续熔化与定向凝固TiAl合金。     

钛镍合金连续铸造装置

在自行研制的钛合金连铸装置上进行钛镍合金的连续铸造实验,在感应加热下使用氧化钙坩埚和氮化硼结晶器内衬,通过调整各项工艺参数,实现连续铸造.结果表明:在氩气保护气氛下,高频感应加热器保温输出功率为8kW,钛镍合金熔体温度为1400℃,引锭杆位置在感应线圈以下40mm处,引锭杆的牵引速度为8mm/min,冷却水温度为室温,钛镍连铸棒坯的直径为10mm可以拉出表面光洁的连铸棒坯.     

双频电磁约束成形的温度场研究

双频电磁约束成形是一种利用较高频率电磁场熔化金属和利用较低频率约束金属熔体成形，同时实现金属坯料无坩埚熔化和无型成形的先进加工技术。测试并分析了不锈钢(1Crl8Ni9Ti)双频电磁约束成形过程中的温度场及其影响因素。结果表明，成形线圈功率仅影响成形温度场大小而对温度场峰值位置无影响；加热线圈功率和成形样件抽拉速率同时影响成形温度场大小与峰值位置；稳定成形时成形样件抽拉速率的变化改变熔体的温度，而熔体高度在一定的范围内无明显变化，即稳定成形时熔体高度恒定。利用双频电磁约束成形技术制备了大宽厚比不锈钢样件，其宏观组织为定向组织。     

冷坩埚连续熔铸与定向凝固Ti6A14V合金的温度场计算

为有效利用冷坩埚，更优控制工艺参数，获得冶金质量良好的铸棒，本文对冷坩埚连续熔铸与定向凝固Ti6A14V温度场进行计算。根据电磁场的感应加热形成上下料棒、电磁压力形成驼峰的情况确定边界条件；采用抛物线逼近确定驼峰形状；对运动单元所处位置的识别实现连铸过程。对功率52kW、速度为3mm／min的条件下进行计算。结果表明，料棒在45s时开始熔化，在70s时形成驼峰，然后熔体获得一定的过热度，形成凝壳，在115s熔体达到最高温度；抽拉过程中上送料能完全熔化，温度场基本稳定，凝固界面的形状和位置基本不变，凝固界面的形状为中间平直、两端上翘，传热基本以轴向传热为主。相同条件下进行实验，实验结果与计算结果相符合，从而证明计算程序在计算冷坩埚连续熔铸与定向凝固温度场是有效的。     

电磁连铸系统磁场的数值模拟及试验研究

以电磁场理论为依据，建立了电磁连铸成型系统的物理和数学模型，用小线圈法实测了不同电源功率时系统内的磁场强度，得出了结晶器内磁场的分布规律；并且进行了铝合金电磁连铸的成型试验，研究了工艺参数对铸锭表面质量的影响；用有限元法数值模拟了感应线圈位置以及感应线圈与结晶器间距对成型系统内磁感应强度和分布的影响。结果表明：磁感应强度的最大值位于感应线圈的中心位置；感应线圈与结晶器间的距离增大，磁感应强度明显减小，5～10mm的间距对电磁连铸过程较为有利。研究结果表明合理设计电磁连铸系统有利于得到分布合理的磁场，提高电源效率，确定合理的工艺参数可以保证电磁连铸的顺利进行并有利于改善铸坯的内外部质量。     

Effects of processing parameters on the surface quality of directionally solidified tita-nium alloy slab with cold crucible

Titanium and TiAl-based alloys are promising structurematerials for aero/space-crafts of next generations due totheir excellent properties, such as high specific strength,high specific rigidity, high oxidization resistance and highcreep resistance at high temperature[1-3]. However, the Tialloys are highly active, especially in molten state they canreact with almost all other materials. This makes thespontaneous nucleation difficult during solidification andresults in coarse structures. These …     

Process on cold crucible electromagnetic casting for titanium alloy

The parameters and factors that influence the surface quality and macrostructure of titanium alloy with reactive properties under liquid state were studied experimentally using a cold crucible electromagnetic casting method. The variations in the process parameters have great impact on the surface quality and macrostructure of cast billets. Billets with crack free and smooth surfaces as well as directional solidified primary structures were obtained after the selection of optimized process parameters. The formation mechanisms of defects such as cracks and non-directional structural morphology were interpreted briefly. Finally, the casting of billets with good outer qualities and inner column grains has been attained successfully, which in turn gives a solid foundation for further development of the technology.     

Continuous and directional solidification technology of titanium alloys with cold crucible

The experiments of continuous and directional solidification of titanium alloys with cold crucible were carried out in a multifunctional electromagnetic cold crucible apparatus. Parameters and factors influencing the surface crack and macrostructure of titanium alloy ingots were studied. The mechanism of the parameters and factors influencing the surface crack and macrostructure of the ingots were interpreted. The results show that the surface cracks of the prepared ingots decrease with the increase of the input power from 50 to 60 kW or with the increase of the coil turns from 3 to 5 circles. The surface cracks increase with the increase of withdrawal velocity from 3 to 5 mm/min or the height of the primer from 2 to 3 cm, then decrease with the increase of withdrawal velocity from 5 to 8.7 rnm/min or the height of the primer from 3 to 4 cm. Coil turns is the most important one in all parameters effect on the surface crack, the input power is more important, then the withdrawal velocity is important and the height of the primer is the least important. Withdrawal velocity is the most important factor affecting the macrostructure, and effects of other factors on maerostructure is slight. With the decrease of velocity from 8.7 to 0.5 mm/min, the quantity of grains reduces, the grain orientation degree becomes small, and the solidification fronts change from concave to plane to convex. The ingot can be directional solidified at velocity of 1 mm/min. The ingot with free surface crack and directional macrostructure is prepared under definite conditions.     

Electromagnetic characteristics of square cold crucible designed for silicon preparation

In the present work, the strength and distribution of electromagnetic field in the square cold crucible that designed for casting multicrystalline silicon were measured and analyzed by using a small coil method. The results show that in the perpendicular direction the maximum of magnetic flux density (B) appears at the position slightly above the middle of the coil, and then B attenuates toward both sides, and decreases more to the bottom of the crucible. In the horizontal direction, from the edge (corner) to the center, B firstly decreases gradually, and then slightly increases in the center. While along the inner sides of the crucible, the distribution is relatively uniform,especially in the effective acting range. B increases with the increasing of the input power. Moving the coil to the top of the crucible, B increases and the effective acting range of the electromagnetic field becomes bigger. For the coils with different tums, the five turns coil can induce the highest magnetic flux density.     

冷坩埚电磁连铸弯月面形状的数值模拟

电磁连铸中弯月面与磁场耦合作用，磁场约束弯月面成一定的形状，基于磁流体力学理论，导出以感应电流为未知量的冷坩埚电磁连铸的弯同与磁场耦合的数学模型。并采用等参变换使连续曲面近似弯月面，在与实验结果对照的基础上，计算了感应器电流强度。磁场频率，感应器位置以及冷坩埚的分片数等对弯月面形状的影响及变化趋势。     

Electromagnetic continuous casting by imposing multi-electromagnetic field

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空心管坯热顶电磁连铸工艺的研究

根据空心管坯的特点,提出了热顶技术和冷坩埚技术相结合的空心管坯电磁连续铸造的工艺思想。采用低熔点的Sn-4.5% Pb(质量分数,下同)合金进行了模拟试验,成功制备了φ60 mm?5 mm的空心管坯。研究了热顶和冷坩埚式外结晶器对铸型内磁场分布的影响,分析了电磁场对空心管坯质量的影响。结果表明:采用带屏蔽罩的热顶和冷坩埚式外结晶器,优化了铸型内的磁场分布;当施加功率为12 kW、频率为2 500 Hz的中频电磁场时,得到了表面光滑、宏观凝固组织中具有高等轴晶比率的高质量空心管坯。     

Pulsating electromagnetic casting technique for slab casting

Abstract

To improve the surface quality of cast slabs in the steelmaking process, the pulsating electromagnetic casting (EMC) technique was developed and assessed using a slab casting bench scale test. Numerical simulation of the magnetohydrodynamic field and numerical simulation of the toughness of the mould were also conducted for the slab casting plant test. Consequently, the mould and coil for slab casting plant tests with pulsating EMC were manufactured and the basic functions were verified. Finally slab casting plant tests with the pulsating EMC technique were conducted.