维生素A、D、E水平与儿童反复呼吸道感染相关性研究

目的 分析儿童反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)与患儿血清维生素A、D、E水平的相关性,为临床防治提供理论依据。方法 2017年1-12月采集在广西壮族自治区人民医院儿科就诊的6个月~15岁儿童资料,选取171例RRTI儿童为RRTI组,156例为正常对照组。采用高效液相色谱法测定两组儿童血清维生素A和E水平,采用化学发光法检测血清维生素D₃水平。比较RRTI组和正常对照组维生素A、D₃、E水平的差异。结果 RRTI组平均血清维生素A水平为(0.30±0.06)mg/L,维生素D₃水平为(72.41±25.59)nmol/L,维生素E水平为(8.90±2.32)mg/L,均低于正常组的(0.39±0.07)mg/L、(84.84±29.96)nmol/L和(9.72±2.61)mg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。维生素A、D₃缺乏率和不足率、维生素E的不足率在RRTI组均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析提示维生素A水平低(<0.3 mg/L)(OR=19.225,95%CI:9.136~40.453)和维生素D₃缺乏(<50 nmol/L)(OR=2.891,95%CI:1.186~7.044)使得儿童患RRTI的风险增高。结论 维生素A和维生素D₃的亚临床水平缺乏可能与儿童RRTI相关,及时给予补充有助于儿童RRTI的防治。     

3～6岁儿童血清维生素A、D、E水平分析

目的了解嘉兴市南湖区3～6岁儿童维生素A、 D、 E水平,为预防儿童维生素营养缺乏提供依据。方法选择嘉兴市南湖区36所幼儿园的3～6岁儿童,采用高效液相色谱法测定维生素A (VA)和维生素E (VE),采用串联质谱法测定血清25-羟基维生素D [25 (OH) D];分析不同性别、年龄儿童维生素A、 D、 E营养水平。结果共调查3 414名3～6岁儿童,其中男童1 859人,占54.45%;女童1 555人,占45.55%。血清VA为0.35 (0.09)μg/m L,不足率为18.31%,缺乏率为0.88%;血清25 (OH) D为23.00 (7.70) ng/mL,不足率为22.55%,缺乏率为7.00%;血清VE为7.80 (2.00) mg/L,不足率为2.46%,缺乏率为1.00%。血清VA正常、不足、缺乏构成男女童差异无统计学意义(P0.05);女童25 (OH) D缺乏和不足比例均高于男童(P0.05); VE缺乏和不足比例低于男童(P0.05)。不同年龄组儿童VA和25 (OH)的正常、不足和缺乏构成差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);不同年龄组VE正常、不足、缺乏构成差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论嘉兴市南湖区3～6岁儿童维生素A、 D、 E水平缺乏或不足均占一定比例;男女童VD、 VE水平存在差异。     

自然流产者绒毛织中维生素A、E含量及流产影响因素分析

目的 了解孕早期妇女的自然流产状况与维生素A、E营养状况的关系,为指导孕妇健康膳食提供科学依据.方法 于2010年10月～2011年4月在广州市收集进行流产刮宫术的孕妇绒毛组织共258例(自然流产组63例,对照组195例).对研究对象进行问卷调查及24h膳食调查,并采用高效液相色谱法检测绒毛组织中的维生素A、E含量.结果 自然流产组与对照组的比较中,年龄、体质指数、婚姻状况、流产史、孕周的差异均具有统计学意义(均有P＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,自然流产的危险因素为年龄(与≤22岁相比,23～岁组:OR=3.903,95％CI:1.533～9.937;≥29岁组:OR=2.896,95％CI:1.116 ～7.519)、流产史(OR=2.174,95％ CI:1.105 ～4.278)和孕周≥8周(OR=3.532,95％CI:1.813 ～6.883).自然流产组能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素A、维生素E的摄入量与对照组比较,差异也无统计学意义.自然流产组绒毛组织中维生素A、E含量与对照组的比较,差异均无统计学意义(均有P＞0.05).结论 年龄、流产史是自然流产的危险因素;未见自然流产者膳食维生素A、E摄入量及绒毛组织中维生素A、E含量增加.     

67例儿童血清维生素A、D、E水平研究

目的了解婴幼儿血清维生素A、D、E水平状况,为临床诊治工作提供参考。方法以2013年1-3月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院保健门诊67名要求健康体检儿童作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱检测血清维生素A、25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、维生素E水平,收集其基本情况、喂养方式、体格等方面信息。结果 67名儿童中,男40例,女27例。维生素A水平为(0.23±0.07)mg/L,缺乏率34.3%,不同月龄段血清水平差异有统计学意义(F=5.866,P=0.001),随月龄增加血清维生素A缺乏率逐渐减少,0~4个月组最低[(0.17±0.04)mg/L],缺乏率高达68.8%;不同喂养方式血清维生素A水平差异有统计学意义(F=2.838,P=0.045),纯母乳喂养组血清水平偏低[(0.18±0.03)mg/L],缺乏率为60.0%。血清25(OH)D水平为(102.26±90.54)nmol/L,缺乏率为13.3%;不同喂养方式水平差异有统计学意义(F=2.951,P=0.038),纯母乳喂养婴儿仍偏低[(96.93±20.42)nmol/L],缺乏率较高为33.3%。血清维生素E水平为(10.09±2.76)mg/L,不足率仅为13.4%,未发现缺乏儿童,维生素E营养状况良好。结论婴幼儿维生素A、D营养状况不容乐观,应针对高危人群及时施加干预以预防维生素缺乏症的发生。     

276例健康儿童血清维生素A、D、E营养状况研究

目的通过分析276例健康儿童血清维生素A、D、E营养状况,探讨其与年龄、性别、季节的关系,为本地区合理补充维生素A、D、E及预防相关疾病的发生提供依据。方法选取2016年1—12月健康查体的276名儿童为研究对象,采用电化学发光法检测维生素A、D、E的水平,同时收集儿童的性别、年龄、查体季节等基本情况,进而分析其与维生素水平的关系。计量资料比较采用t检验及单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q法;计数资料比较采用χ2检验。结果 276例儿童维生素A缺乏及不足率达64%;维生素D缺乏及不足率达98%,维生素E不足率为24%。不同性别维生素A、D、E水平差异无统计学意义,各年龄组维生素A、E水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);维生素D水平1~6个月组低于其余两组(均P0.05);6~18个月组与18个月以上组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。血清维生素A水平冬季最高(P=0.004),维生素D水平夏季最高(P=0.000),维生素E水平春季最高(P=0.02),其他季节比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论健康儿童维生素A、D、E不足及缺乏比例高,营养状况差,应针对高危儿童、高危季节合理补充,以预防相关疾病的发生。     

儿童反复呼吸道感染与血清维生素A、D、E水平的相关性研究

目的 探讨儿童反复呼吸道感染与患儿血清维生素A、D、E水平的相关性研究,为临床治疗提供科学依据。方法 选取2015年在长春市儿童医院参加儿童保健,近3个月反复呼吸道感染病史患儿66例为病例组;选取前来参加儿童保健的健康儿童66例为对照组。用高效液相色谱法检测维生素A、D、E的水平。结果 不同年龄组儿童患反复呼吸道感染疾病的差异有统计学意义(χ²=13.516,P=0.001),病例组儿童血清维生素A水平和缺乏率明显低于对照组(t=3.536,P=0.001;χ²=16.901,P=0.000),病例组儿童血清25(OH)D、维生素E水平和缺乏率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 反复呼吸道感染可能与维生素A缺乏有关,建议加强营养教育和宣传,指导儿童家长进行科学喂养,定期监测维生素A、D、E水平并适量补充维生素。     

儿童血清维生素A、D、E水平与肺炎支原体肺炎相关性的临床研究

目的 研究儿童血清维生素A、D、E水平与肺炎支原体肺炎的相关性,为临床防治提供指导。方法 选取肺炎支原体肺炎住院治疗患儿415例为支原体肺炎组,儿保科非呼吸道感染儿童431例为对照组。分别检测两组儿童血清维生素A、D、E水平。结果 支原体肺炎组血清维生素A、D、E平均值均明显低于对照组(P<0.01);维生素A缺乏例数明显高于对照组(P<0.01),亚临床维生素A缺乏例数与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);维生素D缺乏及不足例数均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);维生素E缺乏例数明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 维生素A、D、E缺乏与肺炎支原体肺炎的发病相关,特别是缺乏维生素A,补充维生素A、D、E有可能对预防肺炎支原体肺炎反复发作有益,其具体机制有待于进一步探讨。     

矮小儿童血清维生素和微量元素水平及骨龄的相关分析

目的探讨矮小儿童的血清维生素、微量元素水平及与骨龄的相关性。方法对因身高咨询就诊的322例儿童进行血清VA、VD,Ca、Fe、Zn、Mg、Cu、Pb、Cd水平和骨龄的测定,分析骨龄与血清维生素和微量元素水平的相关性。结果 322例儿童血清VA、VD缺乏率分别达22.05%、34.16%, Ca、Fe、Zn缺乏率分别达14.29%、21.43%、6.83%,Pb过量率高达42.55%。矮小组的VA水平、VD缺乏率低于偏矮组和正常组,VD水平,VA、Fe缺乏率,Pb过量率均高于偏矮组和正常组。矮小组、偏矮组骨龄(BA)落后率分别为49.38%、37.57%,显著高于正常组,矮小组BA落后儿童的Ca低于BA正常儿童,偏矮组BA落后儿童的VD水平低于BA正常儿童。BA与VD、Ca、Cu水平呈负相关(r=-0.241;r=-0.136;r=-0.162),与Fe呈正相关(r=0.286)。结论矮小儿童存在显著的维生素和微量元素异常,儿童骨龄与体内血清维生素D、钙、铜、铁水平具有一定相关性,应监测儿童体内血清维生素和微量元素水平,指导合理膳食以更好地促进儿童生长发育。     

维生素A、E缺乏与儿童反复呼吸道感染相关性分析

目的探讨和分析维生素A、E缺乏与儿童反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)的相关性,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2015年12月-2017年1月在该院就诊的73例RRTI患儿的临床资料,将其纳入观察组;另收集同期在该院体检的60例健康儿童的病例资料,纳入对照组。比较两组受试者血清维生素A、维生素E以及淋巴细胞亚群(CD3~+、CD4~+和CD19~+细胞)的分布。结果观察组患儿血清维生素A平均水平为(0.28±0.09)mg/L,对照组为(0.35±0.08)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(t=4.691,P=0.000)。观察组患儿维生素E水平为(7.86±2.14)mg/L,低于对照组的(8.55±1.97)mg/L,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.917,P=0.057)。观察组中有35例(47.95%)存在维生素A缺乏,而对照组中仅10例(16.67%),两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.392,P=0.000)。观察组中有9例(12.33%)存在维生素E缺乏,对照组有4例(6.67%),两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.197,P=0.294)。观察组患儿的CD3~+淋巴细胞、CD4~+淋巴细胞绝对数量与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.223,P=0.224;t=0.533,P=0.595)。但观察组患儿的CD19~+淋巴细胞水平明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.829,P=0.005)。结论缺乏维生素A可能是造成儿童RRTI的重要病因之一,而缺乏维生素E对RRTI发生的影响并不十分显著,还需进一步研究。     

佳木斯地区学龄儿童维生素A、D、E的调查分析

目的 调查本地区学龄儿童血清25-羟基维生素 D[25-(OH)D],维生素A、E水平,了解学龄儿童维生素A、D、E的营养状况,为本地区学龄儿童合理补充微量营养素和预防相关疾病的发生提供理论依据。方法 收集2015年5月-2016年4月于佳木斯大学附属第一医院、建三江人民医院、宝泉岭中心医院等10余家医院门诊及住院部接受维生素A、D、E水平检测的所有6~12岁儿童资料6 030例,分别比较不同性别、年龄段、检测季节的维生素A、D、E水平和维生素营养状况差异。结果 佳木斯地区6~12岁儿童维生素A不足检出率为55.1%,充足检出率为44.9%;维生素E不足检出率为0.67%;维生素D缺乏检出率为37.9%,不足检出率为24.2%,充足检出率为37.9%;不同性别间维生素A、D、E水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各年龄段维生素A、D、E水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。季节间比较差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05) 。结论 佳木斯地区学龄期儿童维生素A、D水平较低,各季节间维生素A、D、E差异明显,应引起家长及各阶层医务工作者的高度关注。     

Multinutrient-Fortified Juices Improve Vitamin D and Vitamin E Status in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundProvision of fortified juices may provide a convenient method to maintain and increase blood fat-soluble vitamins.ObjectiveTo determine whether children consuming orange juice fortified with calcium and combinations of vitamins D, E, and A could increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], α-tocopherol, and retinol levels.DesignA 12-week randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.Participants/settingOne hundred eighty participants (aged 8.04±1.42 years) were recruited at Tufts (n=70) and Boston University (n=110) during 2005-2006. Of those recruited, 176 children were randomized into three groups: CaD (700 mg calcium+200 IU vitamin D), CaDEA (700 mg calcium+200 IU vitamin D+12 IU vitamin E+2,000 IU vitamin A as beta carotene), or Ca (700 mg calcium). Children consumed two 240-mL glasses of CaD, CaDEA, or Ca fortified orange juice daily for 12 weeks.Main outcome measuresSerum 25(OH)D, α-tocopherol, and retinol concentrations.Statistical analysesChanges in 25(OH)D, α-tocopherol, retinol, and parathyroid hormone concentrations were examined. Covariates included sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and baseline 25(OH)D, α-tocopherol, retinol, or parathyroid hormone levels. Multivariate models and repeated measures analysis of variance tested for group differences with pre–post measures (n=141).ResultsBaseline 25(OH)D was 68.4±27.7 nmol/L (27.4±11.10 ng/mL) ), with 21.7% of participants having inadequate 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/L [20.03 ng/mL]). The CaD group's 25(OH)D increase was greater than that of the Ca group (12.7 nmol/L [5.09 ng/mL], 95% CI 1.3 to 24.1; P=0.029). The CaDEA group's increase in α-tocopherol concentration was greater than that in the Ca or CaD groups (3.79 μmol/L [0.16 μg/mL], 95% CI 2.5 to 5.1 and 3.09 μmol/L [0.13 μg/mL], 95% CI −1.8 to 4.3), respectively (P<0.0001). Retinol levels did not change, and body weight remained as expected for growth.ConclusionsDaily consumption of orange juice providing 200 IU vitamin D and 12 IU vitamin E increased 25(OH)D and α-tocopherol concentrations in young children within 12 weeks.     

Vitamin D Intake and Status in 6-Year-Old Icelandic Children Followed up from Infancy

High serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have been observed in infants in Nordic countries, likely due to vitamin D supplement use. Internationally, little is known about tracking vitamin D status from infancy to childhood. Following up 1-year-old infants in our national longitudinal cohort, our aims were to study vitamin D intake and status in healthy 6-year-old Icelandic children (n = 139) and to track vitamin D status from one year of age. At six years, the mean 25(OH)D level was 56.5 nmol/L (SD 17.9) and 64% of children were vitamin D sufficient (25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L). A logistic regression model adjusted for gender and breastfeeding showed that higher total vitamin D intake (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.49), blood samples collected in summer (OR = 8.88, 95% CI = 1.83–43.23) or autumn (OR = 5.64, 95% CI = 1.16–27.32) compared to winter/spring, and 25(OH)D at age one (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.002–1.04) were independently associated with vitamin D sufficiency at age six. The correlation between 25(OH)D at age one and six was 0.34 (p = 0.003). Our findings suggest that vitamin D status in infancy, current vitamin D intake and season are predictors of vitamin D status in early school age children. Our finding of vitamin D status tracking from infancy to childhood provides motivation for further studies on tracking and its clinical significance.     

Association between Vitamin D Status and Premenstrual Symptoms

Background

Premenstrual symptoms are experienced by up to 95% of women, and few treatments are available. Previous studies suggest that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) may be associated with the severity of premenstrual symptoms, but the findings have been inconclusive.

Effect of nutrient intake and Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric cancer in Korea: a case-control study

To examine the effects of dietary factor and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection with emphasis on vitamin intake on the risk of gastric cancer (GC), we conducted a case-control study in South Korea, a high-risk area for GC. Trained dietitians interviewed 136 cases histologically diagnosed with GC. An equal number of hospital controls was selected by matching sex and age. High dietary intakes of vegetable fat [odds ratio (OR) = 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15-0.83], folate (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.13-0.96), and antioxidants, such as vitamin A (OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.13-0.83), beta-carotene (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.13-0.82), vitamin C (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.09-0.72), and vitamin E (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.17-1.01), were shown to have a protective effect on GC risk using a multivariate model adjusting for foods significantly related to GC in our previous study (charcoal grilled beef, spinach, garlic, mushroom, and a number of types of kimchi) and supplement use. When stratified according to H. pylori infection, high intakes of vitamin C (OR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.02-0.63) and vitamin E (OR = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.03-0.83) exhibited highly significant inverse associations with GC among the H. pylori-infected subjects compared with noninfected individuals. GC risk was significantly decreased only when consumption levels for two of these vitamins were high. Our findings suggest that high intake of antioxidant vitamins contribute to the reduction of GC risk and that GC risk in Korea may be decreased by encouraging those with H. pylori infection to increase their intake of antioxidant vitamins.     

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, dietary calcium intake, and distal colorectal adenoma risk

Vitamin D has recently emerged as a potentially protective agent against colorectal neoplasia. We assessed the associations between dietary vitamin D, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], dietary calcium, and colorectal adenomas in a large screening sigmoidoscopy-based case-control study in Southern California. Because conversion of serum 25(OH)D to serum 1,25-vitamin D is highly regulated by serum calcium, we also assessed modification of the 25(OH)D-adenoma association by calcium intake. Cases were 473 subjects with a primary adenoma, and controls were 507 subjects who had no adenomas at sigmoidoscopy and no history of adenomas. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of intake, those in the highest quartile of dietary vitamin D had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49-1.41] and those in the highest quartile of dietary calcium had an OR of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.49-1.25). There was a suggestion that plasma 25(OH)D may be protective in this population (OR for highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.51-1.09). A significant protective effect of 25(OH)D was clearly evident only in those with calcium intakes below (OR = 0.40 for highest vs. lowest quartile, 95% CI = 0.22-0.71, p for trend = 0.005) and above (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.69-1.99, p for trend = 0.94) the median calcium intake.     

Risk factors for low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in otherwise healthy children and adolescents

BACKGROUND: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations serve as a biomarker for vitamin D stores. Prior studies have not examined the risk factors for low vitamin D concentrations in a multiethnic sample of US youth across a broad age range. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with low concentrations of 25(OH)D in children and adolescents. DESIGN: Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in 382 healthy children aged 6-21 y living in the northeastern United States. Dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake was assessed by interview. Fat and lean mass were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with decreased concentrations of 25(OH)D. RESULTS: The median concentration of 25(OH)D was 28 ng/mL (interquartile range: 19-35 ng/mL), and 55% of subjects had 25(OH)D concentrations <30 ng/mL. 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely correlated with parathyroid hormone concentrations (Spearman's r=-0.31, P<0.001) but were not significantly correlated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. In the multivariable model, older age (P<0.001), black race [odds ratio (OR): 14.2; 95% CI: 8.53, 23.5], wintertime study visit (OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 2.29, 5.50), and total daily vitamin D intake <200 IU (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.46) were associated with low vitamin D concentrations. Fat and lean mass were not independently associated with vitamin D status in this healthy-weight sample. CONCLUSION: Low serum 25(OH)D concentrations are prevalent in otherwise healthy children and adolescents in the northeastern United States and are related to low vitamin D intake, race, and season.     

不同年龄反复呼吸道感染儿童血清维生素A、E水平测定及其临床意义

目的 了解不同年龄反复呼吸道感染儿童体内维生素A、E水平及临床意义,为疾病预防提供参考。方法 选取2015年4月-2016年6月在潍坊医学院附属医院就诊的反复呼吸道感染儿童130例,健康儿童124例(对照组),按年龄分为0~1、1~3、3~6岁及>6岁四组,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对其血清维生素A、E水平进行测定。结果 感染组儿童血清维生素A、E水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);无论感染组还是对照组,0~1岁组儿童体内维生素A水平最低,其次为>6岁组儿童(P<0.05),但各年龄组间维生素E水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 维生素A、E水平低与反复呼吸道感染有关;无论是反复呼吸道感染还是健康查体,0~1岁儿童体内维生素A水平最低,其次为>6岁组;而维生素E水平均在正常范围内,且在各年龄段无明显差异。     

Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency among Pregnant Rural Women in Bangladesh

Although adequate vitamin D status during pregnancy is essential for maternal health and to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, limited data exist on vitamin D status and associated risk factors in pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. This study determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and identified associated risk factors, among these women. A total of 515 pregnant women from rural Bangladesh, gestational age ≤ 20 weeks, participated in this cross-sectional study. A separate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Overall, 17.3% of the pregnant women had vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D concentration <30.0 nmol/L], and 47.2% had vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25(OH)D concentration between 30–<50 nmol/L]. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency was significantly higher among nulliparous pregnant women (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.75–4.23), those in their first trimester (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.39–5.19), anaemic women (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.99–2.35; p = 0.056) and women whose husbands are farmers (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.22–3.50). The risk of vitamin deficiency was significantly higher among younger pregnant women (<25 years; OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.06–4.21), nulliparous women (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.34–5.25), women in their first trimester (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.12–5.79) and those with sub-optimal vitamin A status (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.28–4.11). In conclusion, hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent among pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. Parity and gestational age are the common risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. A husband’s occupation and anaemia status might be important predictors of vitamin D insufficiency, while younger age and sub-optimal vitamin A status are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in this population.