腭裂与中耳功能障碍的相关性

目的：探讨腭裂手术对患者中耳功能的影响，为早期改善患者中耳功能提供依据。方法：对112例(224耳)腭裂患者进行年龄分组,采用声导抗、纯音测听或听性脑干反应检查。65例腭裂伴分泌性中耳炎患者在作腭裂修复术的同时,行鼓室置管术,术前术后作听力学检测，术前对鼓室分泌物作细菌培养。结果：腭裂患者常伴有不同程度的中耳功能障碍，腭裂修复术能明显改善患者中耳功能(P＜0.05)。鼓室分泌物Ｇ+、Ｇ-细菌培养阳性率为22.86%、23.53%,且多为低毒性条件致病菌。结论：腭裂患者常有中耳功能障碍,应重视其早期预防与治疗，早期修复腭裂有助于咽鼓管功能恢复。     

腭裂患儿分泌性中耳炎鼓室置管术疗效分析

目的　观察鼓室置管术在治疗腭裂患儿分泌性中耳炎听力损失的疗效 ,探讨中耳通气管的选择、手术适应证及注意事项。方法　双耳伴发分泌性中耳炎伴听力损失的住院腭裂患儿 19例 ,平均年龄 5 8岁 ,平均气导语频听阈较大的一侧耳在腭裂修复术同期行鼓室置管术 ,对侧未置管耳作为对照组 ,术后 2周至 18个月复查 ,比较置管组及对照组腭裂术前、术后听阈的变化情况。结果置管组耳术后平均气导语频听阈 (2 7 0± 6 5 )dB较术前 (42 7± 8 2 )dB显著降低 ,而对照组耳术前(2 9 0± 6 1)dB、术后 (2 7 0± 4 1)dB听阈差异无显著性。置管组未见严重耳科并发症。结论　腭裂修复术同期鼓室置管术安全、有效 ,可恢复患者听力 ,有利于腭裂术后语音学习。     

鼓室置管对儿童分泌性中耳炎中耳功能影响的研究

目的探讨鼓室置管治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎对中耳功能的影响。方法选取47例(58耳)临床诊断为分泌性中耳炎的患儿,分别在鼓室置管术前及术后1个月、6个月进行纯音测听、声导抗、畸变产物耳声发射(distortion product otoacoustic emission,DPOAE)检查和耳镜检查,以评估鼓室置管手术前后中耳功能的变化及术后的并发症。结果鼓室置管术后1个月、6个月分别行耳镜和声导抗检查,均较术前听力明显提高。术后6个月与术后1个月检查结果比较,听力改变差异无统计学意义。与鼓室置管术前比较,DPOAE引出率及部分频率幅值提高,差异具有统计学意义。鼓室置管术后的并发症主要是中耳感染、分泌性中耳炎复发、鼓膜穿孔和鼓膜内陷。结论鼓室置管治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎,应用检测纯音测听、声导抗、DPOAE和耳镜检查,了解鼓室置管术后的并发症情况,综合评价对中耳功能的影响,具有临床指导意义。     

手术治疗伴腭裂的中耳炎

腭裂是一种常见的先天性颌面畸形,由于颌面畸形使得腭咽部肌肉解剖异常,造成咽鼓管功能障碍,致使分泌性中耳炎患者发病率升高,继而引起听力下降。虽多数患者幼年行腭裂修复术及鼓膜置管术等方式进行治疗,但仍有部分患者因中耳病情迁延而变为慢性中耳炎,需要手术治疗。延安     

难治性分泌性中耳炎术后听力影响因素分析

目的探讨难治性分泌性中耳炎采用乳突轮廓化并行鼓膜置管和单纯鼓膜置管术后,患者听力的改变及其有无差异,并对影响术后听力改变的可能因素进行分析。方法回顾性分析2001年3月～2011年6月收治的难治性分泌性中耳炎患者52例（86耳）,其中20例（33耳）行乳突轮廓化联合鼓膜置管治疗,32例（53耳）仅行鼓膜置管治疗,所有患者均在鼓膜置管术后3~6个月拔管。分析影响术后听力改变的可能因素,涵盖性别、年龄、鼓室黏膜、乳突轮廓化、中耳积液性质、脱管史、耳溢液史、留管时间等。结果乳突轮廓化联合鼓膜置管组术后听力提高30耳（90.9%）;单纯鼓膜置管组术后听力提高38耳（71.7%）。两组相比有显著性差异（χ2=4.535,P=0.033）。对影响难治性分泌性中耳炎患者术后听力的可能因素行多因素统计学分析,提示患耳脱管史（OR=13.425,P＜0.05）、中耳CT结果（OR=0.057, P＜0.05）是影响术后听力的主要因素。结论患耳脱管史和中耳CT结果是影响难治性分泌性中耳炎患者术后听力的重要因素,尤其对于中耳CT提示病变范围较广时,应在鼓膜置管基础上清除中耳鼓室、鼓窦和乳突病变,扩大中耳鼓室、乳突气房容积,改善中耳腔持续负压状态,并建立乳突、鼓室至鼓膜置管通畅引流,对提高听力防止并发症有积极治疗作用。     

鼓膜置管治疗腭裂合并分泌性中耳炎疗效观察

目的探讨鼓膜置管术对腭裂合并分泌性中耳炎的疗效. 方法对45例(72耳)患有腭裂合并分泌性中耳炎经鼓膜穿刺抽液无效的患者行鼓膜置管术和随访. 结果随访1～4年,治愈36耳;好转24耳;无效和复发 8耳;并发症 4耳.腭裂修补组有效率93.3%;非腭裂修补组有效率 66.7%,总有效率 83.3%. 结论鼓膜置管治疗腭裂合并分泌性中耳炎有利于改善听力,但不能改善咽鼓管阻塞状况,已行腭裂修补术后置管的疗效明显优于非修补组.早期行腭裂修补术后置管对咽鼓管功能恢复,听力改善,提高生活质量至关重要.     

96例儿童分泌性中耳炎的手术治疗

目的探讨经保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎患者外科手术干预的方式和效果。方法对96例(118耳)儿童分泌性中耳炎患者在内镜下行腺样体切除加鼓室置管术,部分合并扁桃体肥大的患儿行扁桃体切除术,术后随访半年以上并评价其治疗效果。结果 96例患儿中行鼓室置管术35例,腺样体切除加鼓室置管术49例,腺样体切除加扁桃体切除加鼓室置管术12例;术前平均听阈为(42±5)dB,术后1周为(34±4)dB,与术前比较具有统计学差异(t=12.12,P<0.05);术后1个月为(22±2)dB,与术前比较具有统计学差异(t=15.27,P<0.01);术后听力明显改善,鼻塞、夜间张口呼吸和打鼾症状明显缓解。结论对患有分泌性中耳炎的儿童进行个体化的手术治疗,腺样体切除加鼓室置管术是经保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎的基本术式。     

鼓室置管联合鼻内镜下腺样体切除术治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的探讨鼓室置管术加腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将保守治疗无效的75例(96耳)分泌性中耳炎患儿随机分为两组:治疗组39例(51耳),行鼓室置管术加鼻内镜下腺样体切除术;对照组36例(45耳),单纯行鼓室置管术。结果治疗组患儿术后咽鼓管功能、鼓膜形态、中耳积液吸收。鼓室压图峰压值改善情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论鼓室置管术联合鼻内镜下腺样体吸切除术治疗儿童SOM有较好的疗效,并且避免了传统的腺样体刮除术的缺点。     

腭裂修复术对中耳功能的影响

为研究腭裂修复术对中耳功能的影响，应用声导抗及耳镜检查，以４３例腭裂患者于腭理解修复术前及术后半年，进行分泌性中耳炎（ＳＯＭ）发病情况及中耳功能检测。资料显示：ＳＯＭ发病率术前为６１．６３％，≤９岁患儿发病率高于〉９岁患儿；腭裂类型对ＳＯＭ的发生率无影响；腭裂修复术后患者ＳＯＭ发病率有所下降，中耳功能较有均有明显改善２，表明腭裂患者ＳＯＭ发病率高，腭裂修复术能够使患者的中耳功能得到一定程度的改善。     

唇腭裂患儿中耳功能分析

目的：分析唇腭裂患儿的中耳功能。方法对71例（142耳）（单侧完全性腭裂40例80耳,单侧不完全性腭裂31例62耳）婴幼儿期唇腭裂患儿行腭裂修补术前行声导抗检查,术中先行鼓膜切开置管术,后行腭裂修补术,所有患耳均在鼓膜前下切口,如果有鼓室积液,则延长切口并置入小号鼓膜通气管,记录有无鼓室积液,比较完全性及不完全性腭裂患儿中耳功能及分泌性中耳炎的发生率。结果71例142耳中,B型鼓室导抗图110耳（77．46％,110／142）,术中见鼓室积液103耳（93．46％,103／110）;C型鼓室导抗图18耳（12．68％,18／142）,术中见有鼓室积液16耳（88．89％,16／18）;A型鼓室导抗图14耳（9．99,14／142）,术中见有鼓室积液8耳（57．14％,8／14）;本组患儿中耳积液总发生率为97．18％（69／71例）或89．44％（127／142耳）。完全性腭裂与不完全性腭裂两组鼓室积液耳分别为75耳（93．75％,75／80）和52耳（83．87％,52／62）,差异无统计学意义（ P＝0．057）。结论鼓室导抗图B或C型的唇腭裂患儿中耳积液的发生率高,在早期行腭裂修补术同期行鼓膜置管术,可最大程度地降低听力损失导致的不良后果。     

Clinical study of otological manifestations in cases of cleft palate

Cleft palate (with or without cleft lip) occurs in about 1: 750–1: 2000 births in different societies in the world. Cleft palate individuals have a greater incidence of hearing loss than the general population. The primary cause of the ear problem in cleft patients is eustachian tube dysfunction. The cause for which is abnormal insertion of levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini muscles into the posterior margin of the hard palate and the palatal aponeurosis and associated muscular hypoplasia.     

新生儿及婴儿期腭裂患儿分泌性中耳炎的发病情况

目的：了解新生儿及婴儿期腭裂患儿发生分泌性中耳炎（SOM）和听力损失情况，探讨其中耳功能障碍的发病时间规律及SOM早期预测方法。方法：出生后1～2周行听性脑干反应（ABR）筛查，无感音神经性聋的73例新生儿及婴儿腭裂患儿，在婴儿期于每月龄末行ABR和声导抗检查。结合鼓室导抗图形、静态声顺值、镫骨肌声反射和ABR波V阈值作为SOM的判断指标；以ABR波V阈值作为2～4kHz范围的听损伤分级标准。结果：73例（146耳）腭裂患儿发生疑似SOM，发生率为100％，均于出生后6个月内发生，平均发生年龄为2．5月龄。其中115耳（78．8％）1岁内发生SOM，平均发病年龄为5．4月龄，出生后6个月时为相对发病高峰期；SOM的前驱期平均为3．8个月。婴儿期腭裂患儿56．2％会出现不同程度的听力损伤，ABR波V阈值平均为48．6dBnHL。结论：婴儿期腭裂患儿SOM发病率高，可引起听力损失，严重影响中耳功能，其发生呈渐进性过程；作为发生中耳功能障碍的高危人群，出生后1个月时应行听力检查，每2～3个月定期复查，无条件者至少6～12个月进行耳科检查，以早期发现、及时诊断。     

Hearing levels and age in cleft palate patients

Tonal audiometry was used to compare hearing levels in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) (57 patients), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) (124 patients) and isolated cleft palate (ICP) (62 patients), and according to age groups. Patients with isolated cleft palate showed greater improvement in hearing level with age than patients with UCLP and BCLP; as adults they showed the lowest frequency of ears with hearing level of less than 40 dB, and the highest frequency of ears with hearing levels of 11–20 dB. Patients with BCLP had a higher frequency of ears with a hearing level of 21–40 dB during early childhood and adult age than patients with ICP. Patients with UCLP and BCLP showed a slower decrease with age in the frequency of ears with hearing loss than patients with ICP; the hearing level in patients with UCLP and BCLP improved only in groups with hearing levels of 21–40 dB, while those with hearing levels above 40 dB showed no significant improvement with age.Conservative therapeutic methods for normalization of the hearing level and middle ear state were found to be inefficient in the cleft palate population Thus, early surgical treatment (ventilation tube insertion) appears to be the therapy of choice.     

Otological findings in adults with isolated cleft palate or cleft lip, jaw, and palate]

BACKGROUND: Children with cleft palate often develop middle ear ventilation disorders due to chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction. This may lead to hearing loss. The insertion of ventilation tubes is a widely accepted measure to avoid sequelae of middle ear ventilation disorders and hearing loss. On the other hand, long-term therapy with ventilation tubes may inflict iatrogenic complications. The objective of the study was the evaluation of otoscopic and audiometric long-term findings in adult cleft patients who had been treated with ventilation tubes since childhood when chronic otitis media with effusion had been observed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-two cleft palate patients had been followed up otoscopically and audiometrically for years. The average age was 19.3 years (minimum: 14, maximum: 39 years) at the time the last status was taken. RESULTS: Otoscopy revealed a perforation of the tympanic membrane in 3.8% of the 184 ears. 12% of the patients developed cholesteatoma, however three quarters of these occurred after age 11. 86.4% of the 92 patients had normal hearing in pure tone audiometry. CONCLUSION: Compared with adult cleft patients who did not receive ventilation tubes, our patients had a similar low incidence of eardrum perforations but a higher incidence of cholesteatomas while hearing loss occurred less often. Whether the higher incidence of cholesteatomas is caused iatrogenically or due to a longer follow-up period remains unclear. Whether the use of long-lasting ventilation tubes affects the incidence of cholesteatomas must be proved in further studies.     

Late ear sequelae in cleft palate patients

This retrospective study looks at the incidence and nature of ear disease in 50 adolescent patients who had cleft palates repaired in infancy. Half of these patients had a history of grommet insertion. We found that most patients had normal hearing (81%) and middle-ear pressures (86%), although about half had tympanic membrane abnormalities. Grommet insertion did not result in better long-term hearing in this study but was strongly associated with tympanosclerosis. Cleft type did not influence the degree of ear disease although more patients with complete clefts had a history of repeated grommet insertion. Otitis media with effusion is almost universal in cleft palate infants and may influence later language, speech and educational development. At the time of palatal repair grommets should be inserted to improve hearing in these infants.     

腭裂对听力影响的初步研究

对３６例腭裂儿童进行纯音测听及脑干听觉诱发电位测定并与对照组进行比较，结果表明：（１）腭裂组听力下降发生率高达８０％以上，较对照组显著增高；（２）不完全性腭裂与完全性腭裂患儿在听力损害的发生率上无显著性差异；（３）不同年龄组患儿听力损害的发生率无显著性差异，而听力损失程度有显著性差异。并强调了听觉脑干诱发电位有助于了解婴幼儿腭裂患者听力的状况。     

Hearing loss after "refractory" secretory otitis media

CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that SOM of extreme duration, and maybe also the treatment of SOM, are risk factors for developing permanent hearing loss, both conductive and sensorineural. OBJECTIVE: Fluctuating or persisting hearing loss of varying degrees is known to accompany secretory otitis media (SOM). The aim of this study was to detect possible hearing sequelae in young adults who had suffered from "refractory" SOM during childhood. MATERIAL AND MEDTHODS: A total of 33 subjects (age 16-25 years) with previous SOM that had persisted for a mean of 11 years (range 6-19 years) were retrospectively examined at a mean of 18 years after their first myringotomy or tube insertion and compared to 15 healthy controls. The follow-up included audiometric examinations (pure-tone audiometry, distorted speech and impedance audiometry), otomicroscopy and scrutiny of medical records. RESULTS: The SOM group had poorer hearing at all frequencies with the exception of 1.5 kHz in the range 0.125-16 kHz. Those with the greatest number of myringotomies and tube insertions and those with the longest duration of SOM had significantly poorer hearing at high frequencies (8-16 kHz) than those with fewer tube insertions and a shorter duration of SOM. The SOM group scored lower on distorted speech tests than the controls.     

Hearing loss after “refractory” secretory otitis media

Conclusions The results indicate that SOM of extreme duration, and maybe also the treatment of SOM, are risk factors for developing permanent hearing loss, both conductive and sensorineural. Objective Fluctuating or persisting hearing loss of varying degrees is known to accompany secretory otitis media (SOM). The aim of this study was to detect possible hearing sequelae in young adults who had suffered from “refractory” SOM during childhood. Material and methods A total of 33 subjects (age 16–25 years) with previous SOM that had persisted for a mean of 11 years (range 6–19 years) were retrospectively examined at a mean of 18 years after their first myringotomy or tube insertion and compared to 15 healthy controls. The follow-up included audiometric examinations (pure-tone audiometry, distorted speech and impedance audiometry), otomicroscopy and scrutiny of medical records. Results The SOM group had poorer hearing at all frequencies with the exception of 1.5 kHz in the range 0.125–16 kHz. Those with the greatest number of myringotomies and tube insertions and those with the longest duration of SOM had significantly poorer hearing at high frequencies (8–16 kHz) than those with fewer tube insertions and a shorter duration of SOM. The SOM group scored lower on distorted speech tests than the controls.