壳聚糖季鏻盐共混膜的制备及性能研究

用溶液共混法成功地制备了壳聚糖与季鏻盐共混膜,并利用红外光谱、透光率、力学性能、吸水率及抑菌性能测试对其进行了表征。结果表明,共混膜中壳聚糖分子与季鏻盐分子间存在一定相互作用及良好的相容性,季鏻盐含量的增加减小了共混膜的吸水率,增加了其抑菌性能,在季鏻盐含量为20%时,共混膜的综合性能最佳,其中,抗张强度达到60.8 MPa,透光率为85%。     

聚乙烯醇／羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜的结构性能研究

为了提高羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCT)的物理机械性能,采用溶液共混法以羧甲基壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料制备不同比例的PVA/CMCT共混膜.用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了共混膜的截面形貌;用DSC、FTIR表征了共混膜的结构;测试了共混膜的力学性能.结果表明:PVA与CMCT分子链间在共混膜中有一定的相互作用,PVA的加入有利于改善CMCT的综合力学性能;当CMCT与PVA质量比为40:60时,两组分相容性好,膜表面均匀光滑规整,共混膜的断裂强度可以达到49 MPa.     

壳聚糖微粉／生物医用聚氨酯共混膜的力学性能研究

采用流延法制备壳聚糖微粉与生物医用聚氨酯溶液共混膜,研究了壳聚糖微粉含量对共混膜力学性能和吸水率的影响。结果表明随着壳聚糖微粉含量增加,共混膜拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均大幅降低,但共混膜吸水率显著改善。经综合分析推断共混膜中壳聚糖微粉含量在10％附近时,既能保持共混膜足够力学性能,又能获得理想吸水性。     

壳聚糖微粉/生物医用聚氨酯共混膜的力学性能研究

采用流延法制备壳聚糖微粉与生物医用聚氨酯溶液共混膜,研究了壳聚糖微粉含量对共混膜力学性能和吸水率的影响.结果表明随着壳聚糖微粉含量增加,共混膜拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均大幅降低,但共混膜吸水率显著改善.经综合分析推断共混膜中壳聚糖微粉含量在10%附近时,既能保持共混膜足够力学性能,又能获得理想吸水性.     

季铵化壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇阴离子交换膜的制备

利用壳聚糖(CS)制备季铵化壳聚糖(QCS),将其与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混后制得一系列不同配比的QCS/PVA阴离子交换膜,对膜的吸水率、溶胀度、离子交换率等进行了测试和分析。结果表明:季铵化壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇有较好的相容性;膜的吸水率、溶胀度、离子交换率随季铵化壳聚糖含量增大而增大;共混膜结构均匀,热稳定性良好。     

明胶对明胶/壳聚糖共混膜性能影响的研究

采用溶液共混法制备出了一系列明胶／壳聚糖共混膜,并考察了制备条件对膜性能的影响。结果表明：明胶的溶解方式对吸水率和溶胀比影响很小;随明胶分子量增加,共混膜的吸水率和孔洞体积增大;而随共混体系中明胶质量分数的增加,吸水率和孔洞体积亦增加,但溶胀比下降。     

聚乙烯醇与壳聚糖共混膜的研制与应用

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)和壳聚糖(CS)共混研制成渗透汽化(PVAP)复合膜,对乙醇水混合物具有较好的分离效果,膜的机械性能、耐水性等比纯聚乙烯醇膜有较大提高。用扫描电镜测定了膜的结构,讨论了共混配比、交联温度等成膜条件对膜性能的影响。     

可降解包装膜的制备及性能研究

用马来酸酐对玉米淀粉进行酯化处理制得醋酸酯淀粉,以溶液共混法分别制备了原淀粉(ST)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)、醋酸酯淀粉(SA)/聚乙烯醇共混膜,用FTIR表征了共混膜的结构;用DSC分析了共混膜的热性能;比较了共混膜的力学性能。结果表明,共混物的加入破坏了PVA的晶态结构,使共混膜的熔融温度向低温方向移动,热稳定性降低,但SA/PVA共混膜的热稳定大大高于ST/PVA共混膜,说明经酯化处理后淀粉的热稳定性增强。并且SA与PVA的相容性也较ST提高,使其共混膜的力学性能改善。表现为SA/PVA共混膜的力学性能明显高于同比例的ST/PVA共混膜。     

葡甘聚糖-壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇共混膜的结构表征及性能研究

用溶液共混法制备了葡甘聚糖-壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇共混膜,并用红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及透光率表征了膜的结构,同时测定了共混膜的力学性能、吸水率、水蒸气透过率。结果表明:共混膜中葡甘聚糖、壳聚糖及聚乙烯醇之间存在着强烈的相互作用和良好的相容性,三者共混明显改善了纯聚合物和二元膜的性能。     

羧甲基壳聚糖与明胶共混膜的制备及其性能的研究

制备出羧甲基壳聚糖(CM-ch)/明胶共混膜,研究了CM-ch、交联剂等对共混膜的断裂强度、断裂伸长率、溶出率、吸水率等的影响,并通过DSC、扫描电镜等测试手段对共混膜进行了表征。结果表明:CM-ch的加入降低了明胶膜的结晶度,断裂伸长率增大明显,由38%增至76%,且随着CM-ch含量的增加,膜的吸水率和溶出率均有所增大;交联剂的加入能有效地改善共混膜的机械性能,而随交联剂浓度的提高,膜的吸水率和溶出率均有所降低。截面的电镜照片表明这两种生物材料有很好的相容性。     

光交联明胶-壳聚糖共混膜制备及性能研究

本实验用以聚乙烯醇-苯乙烯基吡啶盐的缩合物(PVA-SbQ)为光敏剂,运用紫外光辐照法以制备交联明胶-壳聚糖共混膜。用傅立叶红外、X-射线衍射方法对膜的结构进行表征,并对膜的力学性能、吸湿率、透光率性能进行研究。研究表明:PVA-SbQ分子与明胶、壳聚糖分子间存在氢键作用,光交联后,共混膜形成网状结构,有效地改善了共混膜的力学性能、吸湿性和紫外屏蔽性能等。     

表面活性剂对聚乙烯醇基薄膜透光性及机理的影响

针对聚乙烯醇（PVA）与表面活性剂能组成复配体系,制备了聚乙烯醇基亲水性薄膜材料,研究了表面活性剂的掺量对聚乙烯醇基薄膜的微观结构、孔隙度、透光性能、PVA结晶度及晶粒尺寸的影响。采用紫外分光光度计考察了各薄膜的透光性;采用扫描电子显微镜观察了聚乙烯醇/表面活性剂的横截面微观结构;采用X射线衍射仪考察了不同表面活性剂的添加量对复合薄膜的晶相组成及PVA晶粒尺寸的影响,结果表明当表面活性剂添加量在6%~10%（质量分数,下同）时,阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）明显地降低聚乙烯醇的结晶度,而阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）则没有此效果;CTAB的加入使聚乙烯醇/CTAB体系中PVA晶粒尺寸增大,SDBS的加入使聚乙烯醇/SDBS体系中PVA晶粒尺寸减小。最后对聚乙烯醇与表面活性剂相互作用机理示意图进行了预测。     

Fabrication and characteristics of graphene oxide/nanocellulose fiber/poly(vinyl alcohol) film

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), PVA/nanocellulose fiber (CNF), and PVA/CNF/graphene oxide (GO) films were prepared simply by casting stable aqueous mixed solutions. FTIR investigation indicated that hydrogen bonding existed between the interface of GO and PVA‐CNF. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that GO was uniformly dispersed in PVA‐CNF matrix. Introducing CNF into PVA caused a significant improvement in tensile strength, and further incorporating GO into PVA/CNF matrix led to a further increase. The tensile strength of the neat PVA film, PVA/CNF composite, and PVA/CNF/GO film (0.6 wt % GO) was 43, 69, and 80 MPa, respectively. Moreover, when incorporating 8 wt % CNF into PVA matrix, O₂ permeability and water absorption decreased from 13.36 to 11.66 cm³/m²/day and from 164.2% to 98.8%, respectively. Further adding 0.6 wt % GO into PVA/CNF matrix resulted in a further decrease of permeability and water absorption to 3.19 cm³/m²/day and 91.2%, respectively. Furthermore, for all composite samples, the transmittance of visible light was higher than 67% at 800 nm. CNF and GO‐reinforced PVA with high mechanical and barrier properties are potential candidates for packaging industry. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45345.     

再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线抗菌复合膜制备及性能

以1-丁基-3甲基咪唑氯盐（[Bmim]Cl）为溶剂体系，通过微晶纤维素（MCC）溶解再生制备基膜，壳聚糖（CS）、银纳米线（AgNW）共混液包覆方法制备抗菌复合膜，通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和热重分析对复合膜的形貌和结构进行表征及对力学、光学、阻隔、抑菌等性能测试分析。结果表明，壳聚糖和银纳米线成功复合于纤维素基膜，与再生纤维素膜相比，当AgNW质量分数为0.5%时，复合膜的拉伸强度提升了12.2%，透光率保持在89.82%，氧气透过率下降了86.7%，且对大肠杆菌具有良好的抑制作用，制备出一种力学性能、光学性能、阻隔性能、抗菌性能优异的可降解纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线抗菌复合膜。     

凹凸棒土杂化粒子改性聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖复合膜的结构与性能研究

采用表面引发接枝聚合法制备凹凸棒土接枝聚丙烯酰胺杂化粒子(ATP-g-PAAm),以此改性聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖复合膜(PVA/CS)。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热失重分析(TG)等对三元复合膜(PVA/CS/ATP-g-PAAm)进行了表征,考察了杂化粒子含量对复合膜力学性能、热性能、吸湿率和吸附性能的影响。结果表明,ATP-g-PAAm的加入提高了复合膜的力学性能、结晶度和热稳定性,且能显著提升复合膜对Cu~(2+)的吸附能力。当杂化粒子质量分数为4%时,复合膜的拉伸强度、弹性模量和断裂伸长率分别为62.4 MPa、184.5 MPa和141.3%,对Cu~(2+)的吸附量高达156.5 mg/g。     

Studies of chitosan. I. Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend films

Various blending ratios of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) blend films were prepared by solution blend method in this study. The thermal properties and chemical structure characterization of the CS/PVA blend films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Based upon the observation on the DSC thermal analysis, the melting point of PVA is decreased when the amount of CS in the blend film is increased. The FTIR absorption characteristic is changed when the amount of CS in the blend film is varied. Results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicate that the intensity of diffraction peak at 19° of PVA becomes lower and broader with increasing the amount of CS in the CS/PVA blend film. This trend illustrates that the existence of CS decreases the crystallinity of PVA. Although both PVA and CS are hydrophilic biodegradable polymers, the results of water contact angle measurement are still shown as high as 68° and 83° for PVA and for CS films, respectively. A minimum water contact angle (56°) was observed when the blend film contains 50 wt % CS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

水性聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇复合材料的制备与性能

将水性聚氨酯（WBPU）乳液与聚乙烯醇（PVA）溶液共混制备了WBPU/PVA复合材料。通过FTIR、透光率、AFM、拉伸测试、吸水率、TG等表征方法研究了材料的相容性以及PVA含量对复合材料的力学性能、耐水性和热性能的影响。实验结果表明,WBPU与PVA间存在分子间氢键作用;当PVA含量为80%时,两组分具有相对较高的相容性,且此时复合材料具有最大的拉伸强度61.9 MPa,相对于WBPU（24.9 MPa）和PVA（44.7 MPa）分别提高了149%和38%;随着PVA含量的增加,复合材料的断裂伸长率和耐水性呈现降低的趋势。     

A temperature-responsive polyurethane film with reversible visible light transmittance change and constant low UV light transmittance

We prepared a temperature-responsive polyurethane (PU) film with reversible visible light transmittance change, which was opaque at room temperature and became transparent when the temperature rised. The PU film has very low visible light transmittance of 1.4% at room temperature. At 45 °C, the PU film has relatively high transmittance of 66.7% looking translucent. When the temperature goes to 50 °C or above, the transmittance is more than 80% and the PU film is transparent. The reason for this interesting phenomenon about visible light transmittance change was illustrated by polarizing optical microscope and differential scanning calorimetry. While ultraviolet light transmittance of the PU film is very low at all time. Moreover, this PU film has excellent mechanical performance in a wide temperature range. We suppose this PU film has potential applications in many fields such as tunable optical devices or coating materials with smart temperature responsivity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47140.     

Color change of an iodinated poly(vinyl alcohol) film by physical deformation

The color change of an iodinated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film caused by physical deformation was investigated in this study. The color of a PVA film soaked in an aqueous potassium iodide (KI)/I₂ solution was light yellow, but it turned light blue when the film was physically deformed. The ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum of the iodinated PVA film extended uniaxially in air was measured at various extension levels. Without deformation, the film showed UV absorption bands at 210, 290, and 360 nm. However, under deformation, the film showed new visible light absorption bands at 440 and 620 nm. From the UV–vis absorption spectra of several iodinated solutions, we found that the absorption wavelength of iodine was affected by the cohesive energy of the solvents. The KI/I₂ diethyl ether solution showed an absorption band at 460 nm, and this provided a clue to understanding the color change of the PVA–iodine complexes caused by physical deformation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43036.