教师角色冲突的文化成因及调试

教师角色冲突是新课改过程中教师面临的问题之一。教师角色冲突对教师个体专业成长和教学工作将产生直接影响。教师角色冲突产生的根本原因是教师角色文化之间的矛盾及冲突,主要是角色文化中价值之间冲突引起教师角色冲突,不同阶层对教师角色文化不同认识导致教师角色冲突以及外来角色文化与本土角色文化间的冲突诱发教师角色冲突。面对角色冲突,教师应加强自身对不同角色文化适应力,朝着专业化方向健康成长。     

乡村教师专业发展现状及路径的质性研究

乡村教师专业发展是实现乡村教育质量提升和教育精准扶贫的重要保障.文章对辽宁省大连市某偏远辖区乡村教师专业发展现状进行质性分析,结果表明乡村教师专业发展处于角色冲突、专业发展环境不佳、学习力不足的困境当中.进而提出明确教师角色定位、优化教师专业发展环境、激发教师学习力三条路径来帮助乡村教师摆脱专业发展困境.     

教师专业学习共同体的构建

专业学习共同体是近年来备受瞩目的一种教师专业发展形式,对于促进学校的文化变革和改善教师的工作环境具有重要价值。构建专业学习共同体需要校长、教师、学区管理者等相关各方立足于自身的角色和地位,突破发展目标不明、评价标准缺失、资源和制度保障不足、文化多元与文化共享关系失衡,及教师赋权不足、缺乏参与决策的意识和愿望等诸多困境。     

职业教育教师实践共同体建设研究

职业教育教师的专业发展决定着职业教育的教学质量。在亟需提升职业教育教学质量的今天,探索促进职业教育教师专业发展的有效途径,具有非常重大的理论和现实意义。而职业教育教师实践共同体的建设,对促进职业教育教师专业发展具有积极的帮助作用。实践共同体作为情境学习在人类学研究领域中的核心要素,是个体学习的重要载体。教师专业发展与实践共同体的结合是遵循个体通过合法的边缘性参与从新手到专家成长规律的表现。职业教育教师实践共同体的构建能够为职业教育教师提供有利的结构性学习资源、职业认同的情感支持、实践反思的真实参照以及专业身份转变的合理契机,从而有效促进职业教育教师的专业发展。据此,继承共同的文化历史遗产、完善相互依存的系统、实现再生产的循环、增强教师实践工作的反映性成为构建职业教育教师实践共同体的针对性策略。     

教师管理视野下中小学教师专业成长困境与对策

中小学教师的专业成长是教育发展的关键动力,有效的教师管理措施是促进教师专业良性发展的重要抓手。重视教师职前教育实习,提高教师资质取得的学历要求,落实在职培训的实效,优化教师的工作环境,鼓励教师参与校本研究和建设教师专业学习共同体,是破除教师专业成长困境的有力举措。     

论教师教育实践共同体构建的必要性

教师教育作为职前培养、入职培育和在职研修的开放的、一体化的、可持续性的教育过程,无论是对未来教师角色的塑造和教育实践能力的培养,还是对在职教师的专业成长,都是最为重要的。基于合作文化,构建教师教育实践共同体,既是贯彻教师教育新理念和促进教师专业培养和专业发展的需要,是哲学实践观的导引,也是建构主义学习观的启示。     

拓展性学习:教师专业发展的共同体视角与实践意涵

为探究教师专业发展的途径与方法,文章以北京市H中学为例,用质性研究的方法,分析了该校教师自我导向的专业学习,以及教师在交流理解、公开问题、共同学习、相互合作,从而形成教师学习共同体的过程。作为教师专业学习的重要形式,"拓展性学习"源于活动理论,对于共同体的跨越最近发展区、跨界、形成性干预和新手教师的"合法的边缘性参与"都有着决定性的作用。     

多重认同叠合机制:新教师专业发展角色冲突的和解路径

新时代教育改革情境中新教师的多重认同彰显了个体与时代命运的深度关联。本研究运用质性研究方法探究当前时代新教师面临的多重角色挑战,揭示他/她们在"成为一名教师"过程中的困境与互动,进而展现其专业发展过程中的冲突与和解。研究发现,当"多重角色"和"角色丛"交织时,个案新教师经历了角色冲突到角色融合的复杂演化过程。新教师受到工作压力、专业发展、重要他人、身份归属、职业认知、地区教育组织的培训及其政策等多方面影响,建构出多重认同叠合机制。该机制呈现阶段性动态变化的复杂性特征,同时存在"内生与外生、积极与消极、调节与制约、能动与结构"的共生状态,相互之间不断转化并促进新教师的专业发展。     

教师实践共同体:教师专业发展的新视角

本文分析了教师实践共同体的内涵和特点,指出作为一种学习机制的隐喻——教师实践共同体的建立,将是提高校本教师专业发展有效性的重要策略。教师实践共同体的建立有助于发展教师的实践性知识,培育合作性的教师文化,提升教师实践反思和解决问题的能力,从而提高校本教师专业发展活动的有效性与针对性。     

教师专业学习共同体的实践基模及其本土化培育

教师专业学习共同体(PLC)是作为专业人员的教师共同构建的事业型共同体、实践型共同体与学习型共同体。在教师专业学习共同体中,教师发展具有双驱动力和双主体特性,其核心机制是差异互动,其学习对象是学习型课程,其目标是创构实践性理论。要培育出本土化的教师专业学习共同体,必须抓住三个重要链环:成长需要的激发、实践问题的关注与良性互动文化的巩固。     

Learning from dilemmas: teacher professional development through collaborative action and reflection

This article aims at describing and analysing the interpersonal and intrapersonal dilemmas experienced by a group of five university teachers as they engaged in collaborative inquiry, including the ways in which teachers managed these dilemmas and how this contributed to their professional development. The results are based on qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, working sessions, participant observation and teacher narratives. Our findings illustrate how interpersonal and intrapersonal dilemmas co-occur when teachers engage in collaborative inquiry. Working together towards shared goals brought to the surface differences in beliefs and expectations that generated conflict and tension, which sometimes interfered with teachers’ willingness to work together. At the same time, introducing changes to their teaching practice – a major goal of inquiry communities – challenged teachers to question and revise their personal beliefs about teaching and learning, thereby triggering intrapersonal dilemmas. Our findings also confirm the key role of critical reflection for bringing these dilemmas to the surface and benefiting from the opportunities they provide for learning and change. Areas that warrant further exploration to better understand the dilemmas within inquiry communities and how to support teachers in handling them are discussed.     

Subject knowledge development by science student teachers: the role of university tutors and school‐based subject mentors

Following the introduction of a National Curriculum for Science, all secondary science teachers in England need to be prepared to teach all aspects of a broad and balanced science curriculum. This is the second paper in which we explore science student teachers’ subject knowledge development during a one‐year postgraduate teacher preparation course. In this qualitative study we explore the role of university tutors and school‐based subject mentors in science student teachers’ subject knowledge development as perceived by student teachers, school‐based subject mentors and university tutors. The findings reveal that student teachers are reluctant to use university tutors and school mentors for subject knowledge development because they are aware of their assessment roles. The role of the university tutor in subject knowledge development is perceived as one of facilitation and of developing student teachers’ sense of professionalism. School mentors perceive that they do provide support for subject knowledge development and they are largely unaware of any potential conflict arising from their assessment role. The findings of the study are discussed in terms of the nature of student teachers’ professional learning in communities of practice. The implications for mentor training programmes are considered.     

Teacher identity development through action research: a Chinese experience

This study explores how two language teachers constructed and reconstructed their professional identities through their action research (AR) facilitated by university researchers in China. Informed by the theory of ‘community of practice’, the findings of the study show that AR exerted a transformative impact on the teachers’ identity development. Four distinctive routes of identity change were noted, namely their transformation from ‘fisherman’ to ‘fishing coach’, from ‘craftsman’ to ‘teacher researcher’, from ‘lonely fighter’ to ‘collaborator’, and from ‘housekeeper’ to ‘change agent’. Such change can be attributed to their engagement and practice in different communities of practice. However, the participants’ identity development also encountered some contextual obstacles, including the rigid school curriculum, lack of research knowledge, as well as the power dynamics between them and the researchers. Several implications can be drawn for teachers, teacher educators, and school leaders to help teachers construct a solid and robust professional identity in seeking their continuing professional development through AR.     

Chinese Teachers’ Professional Identity and Beliefs about the Teacher-Student Relationships in an Intercultural Context

This paper presents a qualitative study of immigrant Chinese teachers’ professional identity and beliefs about the teacher-student relationship in an intercultural context. Theoretically, this study takes its departure from a sociocultural perspective on understanding professional identity. The empirical analysis in the study drew mainly upon ethnographic interviews with a group of Chinese language teachers in Denmark concerning their life experiences, perceptions, and beliefs. The results of this study suggest that teachers’ beliefs about their roles as teachers and about student-teacher relationships are shaped by both their prior experiences and backgrounds and the current social and cultural contexts in which they are situated. Changes of context (e.g., from China to Denmark) often lead to a transformation of their professional identity and beliefs. Being a teacher in an intercultural context often exposes them to the confrontation of diverse challenges and dilemmas. On one hand, teachers in this study generally experienced a transformation from being a moral role model, subject expert, authority and parental role to being a learning facilitator and culture worker. On the other hand, they developed diverse individualized coping strategies to handle student-teacher interactions and other aspects of teachers’ professional identity.     

成人学习理论下教师教育与教师专业发展再思考

研究目的在于应用成人学习理论指导教师教育的实践,促进教师专业发展。首先,通过诺尔斯的成人教育学理论分析了成人学习理论对教师教育的适用性,探究各个成人学习论对教师教育的指导作用和对教师发展的促进作用,构建了较为完整的指导框架。然后,分别阐述了自我导向学习理论指导下教师教育生成内生动力,促进教师知识发展;转化学习理论对于教师教育提供新途径,促进教师伦理发展;熟练理论指导教师教育产生外部动力,帮助提升教师专业能力;情境学习理论指导下创设多元的教师教育环境,丰富教师实践经验。最后,成人学习理论于教师教育领域具有很强的适用性,应充分尊重教师成人身份和主体地位。     

学校生活中教师权威的退隐及其重塑

随着信息技术和网络文化的发展、构建新型师生关系的诉求以及教学模式的"程序化"使用等,教师传统的知识权威、角色权威和感召权威呈现出退隐形态。但在学校生活实践场域,学生的年龄特征和成熟度呼唤教师的智慧权威;师生关系民主化要求重新解读教师的角色权威;课堂教学的深度变革需要教师继续发挥感召权威。这些赋予了教师权威存在的合理性价值。鉴于此,拟尝试通过"外发型"法理性权威与"内生型"专业性权威这两种路径来实现教师合理性权威的重塑。     

Science and Mathematics Teachers Working Toward Equity Through Teacher Research: Tracing Changes Across Their Research Process and Equity Views

We investigated secondary science and mathematics teachers engaged in a two-and-a-half-year professional development effort focused on equity. We examined how teachers conducting research on their own instructional practices—a central learning strategy of the professional development project—informed and/or constrained their views related to three strands of equity: teachers and teaching, students and learning, and students’ families and communities. Data collected included recordings of professional development seminars and school-site meetings, three sets of individual interviews with teacher researchers, and drafts and final products of the classroom research teachers conducted. From our qualitative analyses of data, we found that most teachers addressed at least two of the three equity strands in researching their own practice. We also found that most transformed their understandings of teachers and students as a result of their teacher research process. However, teachers’ views of families and communities changed in less substantive ways. We close with recommendations for other researchers and professional developers intent on supporting science and mathematics teachers in using teacher research to work toward equity.     

Searching for good practice in teaching: a comparison of two subject‐based professional learning communities in a secondary school in Shanghai

Since the mid‐1990s, the concept of professional learning communities has arisen in the education field in the West, aiming to improve teachers’ professional competency by using collaborative approaches. Western studies indicate that these strategies help teachers achieve professional growth. Schools in China have had a long history of enhancing the professional competency of teachers by using collaboration in school‐based contexts. But do professional learning communities in Chinese schools, especially in times of change, do the same for Chinese teachers? This study provides empirical data from Chinese teachers to assist global discussions on school‐based professional development. The study uses qualitative data collection methods, including semi‐structured interviews, observations and documentary analysis, to investigate how teachers from two subject departments in a secondary school in Shanghai enhance their knowledge and practice within their subject‐based professional learning communities. Results show that members of these two communities have shared common goals and have developed a sense of collective accountability. The study also found that socio‐cultural factors, such as the collectivist values, authoritarian‐oriented practices and influences of interpersonal relationship, are crucial in the development of Chinese professional learning communities, even though different communities may differ in other respects.     

信息技术支持的教师专业发展:从应然走向实然

全面认识信息技术在教师专业发展中的作用,对于广大教师学习并且利用信息技术促进自身专业发展具有重要意义。作者基于多年来的研究与实践,论述了信息技术在促进教师专业素养提升、加快教师专业发展进程、推动教师专业发展方式变革、提高教师绩效、引发教育变革和促进教育观念转变等五个方面的作用,并且指出,在教育信息化纵向推进的今天,研究者必须尽快完成四个转变——从应然走向实然,从描述性研究走向关系研究和过程与机制研究,从实证研究走向质性研究,从验证性研究走向设计研究。     

PLCs: Key PD component in learning transfer for teachers of English learners

As part of a two-year long professional development program for in-service teachers leading to endorsement in English as a Second Language (ESL), this investigation examined teachers' perceptions of the role of professional learning communities on their professional development experience, particularly on their sharing and transfer of learning into their instructional practice. Results from this mixed-methods research indicated that teachers perceived their professional learning communities, especially the reflective dialogue enacted during their weekly Try It Out discussion based on peers’ strategy implementations, as the most relevant component of their professional development program to their transferring of learning into their instructional practice.