35CrMo钢高强螺栓断裂失效分析

某风电厂铁塔用紧固高强螺栓在使用一个月后于螺纹处出现多根断裂现象。通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验、断口分析等方法对螺栓断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:失效高强螺栓螺纹处表面全脱碳层深度超标,且脱碳层深度极不均匀,在全脱碳层最大深度处容易产生应力集中,并造成螺栓表面部分区域的强度和抗疲劳性能下降,无法承受设计载荷,从而导致高强螺栓在此处出现应力裂纹并最终发生疲劳断裂失效。     

风力发电机叶片连接用高强度螺栓断裂原因

XE112-2000型风力发电机叶片连接用高强度螺栓在服役过程中频繁断裂,通过宏观观察、金相检验、力学性能测试及化学成分分析等方法对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓断裂形式为腐蚀疲劳断裂,主要原因是螺栓的螺纹成形工艺为先调质后滚压成形,螺纹外侧表面受到挤压,导致螺纹顶部受到相反的拉应力作用,此外,又因为螺栓受到加工硬化的影响,产生较大的残余拉应力,增加了产生微裂纹和表面缺陷的可能,导致在螺纹顶部偏中心处产生了应力腐蚀裂纹。在之后的服役过程中,由于疲劳作用,裂纹处产生应力集中,导致裂纹快速扩展,最终螺纹发生腐蚀疲劳断裂。     

氢气压缩机缸盖螺栓断裂失效分析

某石化公司氢气压缩机缸盖螺栓发生断裂,采用宏、微观断口分析、化学成分分析、金相检验以及力学性能测试等试验手段分析了该氢气压缩机缸盖螺栓的断裂原因。结果表明：断裂起源于螺杆与螺栓头部连接螺纹末端的应力集中处,由于应力集中,加之螺栓强度等级偏低,使螺栓在长期工作过程中的往复交变应力和扭转应力共同作用下发生了低应力高周疲劳断裂。     

核电厂循环水泵盘根压盖螺栓断裂原因

某核电厂循环水泵盘根压盖螺栓发生断裂,导致轴封水泄漏,通过宏微观分析、化学成分分析、金相检验、力学性能测试及断口分析等方法,对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓断裂的主要原因是螺纹切削加工时产生刀痕,在加工刀痕处形成了应力集中并萌生了的疲劳裂纹源,同时高强度和高的硫化物夹杂含量也促进了疲劳裂纹的萌生,在交变载荷作用下裂纹不断扩展,最终导致螺栓发生疲劳断裂。     

水轮机制动器螺栓断裂原因分析

某水电站水轮机制动器闸板螺栓发生断裂,通过宏观观察、断口微观分析、化学成分分析、金相检验及硬度测试等方法对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓的螺纹表面存在折叠和微裂纹等加工缺陷,应力在该处集中;且生产过程中热处理工艺控制不当,螺栓显微组织不是调质组织,且存在魏氏组织,使螺栓力学性能下降;当受到较大冲击力时,裂纹从加工缺陷处起裂并迅速扩展,导致螺栓断裂。     

地铁转向架连接螺栓断裂原因

某地铁列车转向架连接螺栓发生断裂事故,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、拉伸试验、断口分析、金相分析等方法,对该连接螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该连接螺栓的断裂性质为弯曲疲劳断裂,裂纹起源于螺纹根部。安装时未及时检查清理内螺纹孔的残留螺纹胶导致螺栓受力不均,以及螺纹根部存在轻微脱碳现象,再加上列车行驶时振动所产生的交变载荷,该地铁转向架连接螺栓于螺纹根部萌生裂纹,并以疲劳的方式扩展,最终发生断裂。     

8.8级紧固螺栓断裂原因分析

8.8级螺栓在使用过程中发生断裂,通过化学成分分析、力学性能试验、断口形貌分析以及金相检验等方法对断裂螺栓进行了分析。结果表明:失效螺栓的断裂为多源疲劳断裂,主要原因是螺纹表面脱碳层的存在导致构件的抗疲劳性能下降。     

挤出机摩擦离合器螺栓断裂分析

某挤出机中气动摩擦离合器与减速器端连接的螺栓在使用过程中经常发生断裂,改用另一种材料的螺栓后情况未有很好改善。采用化学成分分析、力学性能测试、断口分析和金相检验等方法,对螺栓断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明：起裂源位于螺栓的加工刀痕、表面擦伤处及因微动疲劳所致的螺纹微裂纹处,这些部位均存在应力集中,在振动作用下,萌生的裂纹不断扩展,使有效承载面积不断减小,最终引起螺栓疲劳断裂。     

柴油机用高强度螺栓断裂失效分析

某柴油机用30CrMoSi钢高强度螺栓在使用过程中发生断裂。通过化学成分分析、金相检验、断口分析、硬度测试等方法对螺栓断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓断裂为早期疲劳断裂,螺栓螺纹根部存在加工缺陷以及螺栓材料中存在较多的非金属夹杂物是导致其疲劳断裂的主要原因。最后针对螺栓断裂原因提出了预防措施。     

新能源客车电容支架安装螺栓的断裂原因分析

某新能源客车上的电容支架固定螺栓发生批量断裂。通过对断裂螺栓进行宏观观察、力学性能测试、金相检验、化学成分分析等,分析了其断裂原因。结果表明:螺栓的断裂为双向弯曲疲劳断裂;发生断裂的主要原因是电容支架与车架连接结构设计不当,导致结构松动,使螺栓受到弯曲交变应力作用;次要原因是螺纹表面脱碳,降低了螺栓的疲劳强度。     

Failure analysis on fracture of worm gear connecting bolts

The worm gear connecting bolts of refueling machines of a nuclear power plant, with implementing standard of ANSI/ASME B18.3 and ASTM A574-08 and strength grade of 10.9, fractured at the thread neck position after running for about 10 years, and means such as macro examination, chemical compositions analysis, hardness testing, metallographic examination and fracture analysis, were used to analyze the fracture property and reasons of the bolts. The results show that the fracture of the bolts is due to two-way bending fatigue fracture. Surface decarburization of the bolts and stress concentration at the bolt thread neck decreased the fatigue strength of this position and resulted in the initiation of fatigue cracks. By comprehensive analysis and stress estimating, it was concluded that the main reason for fracture of the bolts is that there was a big gap between the bolts and the bolt holes, which resulted in fatigue fracture of the worm gear connecting bolts.     

蜗轮连接螺栓断裂失效分析

装卸料机上的蜗轮连接螺栓材料为35钢,强度等级为10.9级,在设备运行大约10a后发生断裂。对断裂螺栓进行宏观、化学成分、硬度、金相、能谱和断口分析后得出,该螺栓的断裂性质为双向弯曲疲劳断裂,螺栓表面的脱碳和螺纹颈部的应力集中降低了该部位的疲劳性能。通过综合分析和螺栓受力估算后得出,螺栓断裂的主要原因是螺栓和内齿轮螺栓孔之间存在较大的间隙,使螺栓的受力状态和受力大小过早地发生了变化,造成连接螺栓疲劳断裂。     

9FA燃机过渡段用螺栓断裂分析

某国产9FA燃机过渡段用螺栓在运行较短时间后发生断裂。采用化学成分分析、力学性能测试及金相检验等方法对螺栓断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明：由于螺栓螺纹边缘部位凹凸不平造成大量的应力集中而形成微裂纹,在不断的热循环过程中,受热应力的作用微裂纹不断地扩展,直至剩余截面不能再承担负荷而导致螺栓的断裂。     

Failure analysis of connecting bolts and location pins assembled on the plate of main-shaft used in a locomotive turbochanger

Three connecting bolts, three location pins and navel of turbo-disk fractured, which were assembled on the plate of the main-shaft used in a locomotive turbochanger. Detailed fractographic study and metallurgical analysis were focused on the trouble bolts. The fatigue fracture is the main failure mechanism of the bolts. Appearance of the surface decarburization layer in the thread tip and root regions of the three failed bolts make the hardness at the thread regions decrease intensely so that the fatigue cracks initiated form the root at the first engaged thread. Surface damage morphology with cutting, wear and plastic deformation features was found on the working flanks of the engaged threads. Other components fractured in succession after the trouble bolt fractured.     

Numerical studies of microstructurally optimized bolts with graded grain size

Demands on fastening bolts in mechanical engineering and automotive industry are discussed in this paper. The possibility of using microstructurally graded material for bolts is derived from this discussion. This material consists of a conventional coarse-grained core or main body and an ultra-fine-grained (UFG) layer surrounding it. Current research focuses on the manufacture of UFG layers by means of incremental metal forming. The examinations were carried out on an UFG material with elevated yield strength. An elasto-plastic model of an M6 bolt, made of aluminum alloy EN AW-6082, was set up and the bolt was loaded with tensile forces. The resulting distributions of stress and equivalent plastic deformation were analyzed. Result of this analysis is a recommendation for an optimum thickness of the ultra-fine-grained layer. Bolts from graded materials can withstand higher loads in the groove of the thread, which is the section with the highest load on the bolt. At the same time high toughness in the bolt’s core is obtained, which allows its use as a safety component.     

叠层膜片联轴器螺栓断裂原因分析

采用化学成分分析、显微组织检验、硬度测定、断口宏观和微观观察及能谱分析等方法对叠层膜片联轴器断裂螺栓进行了分析.结果表明,螺栓根部的退刀槽因加工质量差造成应力集中,加上材料内部有夹杂物,同时在叠层膜片联轴器安装上有问题及机组中其他部件(如风机叶片和齿轮箱)也有损坏等各种因素的存在,该叠层膜片联轴器螺栓组使用于频繁起动的大载荷工作状态,一旦有超过该螺栓所能承受的工作应力就会引起疲劳而发生断裂,最终导致叠层膜片联轴器损坏.给出了正确设计、制造、安装和使用叠层膜片联轴器的建议.     

Failure analysis of a pressure vessel bolt in a nuclear fuel fretting wear simulator

This paper presents a failure analysis on a pressure vessel bolt of a fretting wear simulator. After 500 h tests, in an upper pressure vessel of a fretting wear simulator, one bolt among eight was fractured near the bolt neck regions. The fracture surface was examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the failure initiation and failure mode. The result indicates that the fracture surface shows intergranular fracture features. Based on the mechanical property data of a bolt material, it is concluded that the exerted stress on the bolt applied by an internal pressure of the pressure vessel has a negligible effect on the major failure causes. In order to verify the mechanical properties of the fractured bolt, tensile test has been performed and its result was compared with material specification. As a result, it is thought that both excess heat treatment during the surface hardening procedure and loose parts in the thread hole have significant effects on the pressure vessel bolt failure. In this paper, the reasons for this failure were discussed by using metallographic studies of the failure surface, mechanical tests with the failed bolt and the stress distribution of the contact regions with considering loose parts by using FE analysis.     

螺纹摩擦对螺栓轴向力-伸长量特征曲线的影响

基于超声波技术,通过对螺栓进行拉伸试验,研究了不同外载下螺栓轴向力-伸长量特征曲线的差异,分析了螺纹摩擦对螺栓轴向力-伸长量特征曲线的影响。结果表明:螺栓的单向拉伸与扭转拉伸因受到的载荷方向不同而导致其屈服点不同;螺栓前期拧紧标定过程中螺纹摩擦对螺栓轴向力有很大影响,会影响后续子系统螺栓夹紧力的大小;不同的螺纹摩擦状态导致拧紧过程中螺栓轴向应变速率不同,会产生不同的特征曲线,且螺纹摩擦因数越大,扭转应力就越大,螺栓屈服点就越低;若能保证轴向拉伸速度相同,不管是涂层之间的正常螺纹摩擦还是使用机油降低摩擦,获得的特征曲线斜率是相同的;无涂层的金属间摩擦会导致螺纹尖端产生塑性变形,形成的特征曲线弹性段斜率有较大差异。     

Metallurgical failure analysis of titanium wing attachment bolts

Two titanium alloy wing attachment bolts from a commercial jetliner failed during the course of a routine service operation. Failure of the bolts occurred during the re-torque process as the wing was being reattached. Metallurgical failure analysis indicated that the fracture mechanism was ductile overload and that the mechanical properties of the bolts were consistent with exemplar bolts that had been supplied. After eliminating other sources of excessive load application, the most probable cause of failure was ascribed to variances between the frictional characteristics of the bolt at the time of re-torque and at the time of initial torque application several years earlier.