薄膜厚度对Al掺杂ZnO薄膜性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射技术,以氧化锌铝陶瓷靶为靶材,在玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO：Al（ZAO）薄膜样品。在其他参数不变的情况下,由不同溅射时间得到了不同厚度的薄膜,研究了薄膜的结构性质、电学和光学性质随薄膜厚度的变化关系。实验结果表明：在薄膜厚度为500 nm时,ZAO薄膜具有最优化的光电性能,电阻率为1.68×10-3Ω.cm,可见光区平均透射率为90.3%。     

ZnO纳米墙薄膜的低温水热制备及其性能研究

利用控制水解浸涂法在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃上制备籽晶层,进而通过低温水热法和热处理获得了独特的氧化锌(ZnO)纳米墙薄膜结构。通过X射线衍射谱(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光电子能谱(EDS)、红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光谱(PL)等对薄膜的形貌、组成和结构进行了分析表征。研究表明,ZnO纳米墙由20～100 nm厚的片层交织而成,在热处理前薄膜的组成为混合的ZnO、醋酸锌(ZnAc)和羟基醋酸锌(Zn-LHS),经500°C热处理脱除CO2、H2O等小分子后基本完全转变为ZnO,而原有层状交织纳米墙结构保留下来。室温PL谱显示薄膜在383 nm处有较强烈的紫外激发峰。结合晶体生长理论探讨了ZnO纳米墙薄膜的生长机制。     

沉积温度对AZO薄膜性能的影响

在采用直流磁控溅射制备AZO(Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide,掺铝氧化锌)薄膜的过程中,AZO薄膜的光电性能取决于镀膜过程中的各种工艺参数,包括溅射气压、沉积温度、溅射功率和靶基距等。本文主要研究在固定其它工艺参数不变的情况下,通过改变沉积温度在不同的温度下分别制备AZO薄膜,利用SEM、X射线衍射仪等测试不同AZO薄膜的微观结构,并分析研究不同沉积温度下制备AZO薄膜光电性能及结构的变化特性,以筛选出制备高质量AZO膜的最佳沉积温度。     

元素成分对磁控溅射TiNi薄膜结构性能的影响及其控制

描述了TiNi形状记忆合金薄膜的一般特性及成分对其组织及性能的重要影响.磁控溅射法是应用最为广泛的制备TiNi基形状记忆薄膜的方法之一,但由于Ti与Ni的溅射产额不同,很难得到理想成分的TiNi薄膜.目前主要采用改变工艺参数或靶材成分补偿的方法控制薄膜的成分.借鉴反应磁控溅射沉积薄膜时成分控制方法,提出了一种利用溅射靶表面光发射谱的控制技术,理论上可以达到精确检测或控制TiNi形状记忆合金薄膜成分的目的.     

YG8衬底腐蚀处理对氮化碳薄膜摩擦学性能的影响

采用直流与射频磁控反应溅射法在硬质合金YG8衬底上制备了氮化碳(carbon nitride,CNx)薄膜。研究了溅射方式、衬底腐蚀处理对薄膜摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:射频反应磁控溅射制备的CNx薄膜的膜基结合力和摩擦因数明显高于直流反应磁控溅射薄膜的,适当的负偏压可以提高膜基结合力。衬底化学腐蚀预处理能够大幅度提高CNx薄膜的膜基结合力,对直流溅射CNx薄膜的摩擦因数影响不大,但能降低射频溅射CNx薄膜的摩擦因数。射频反应磁控溅射法制备的CNx薄膜比直流溅射法制备的CNx薄膜耐磨性能好。衬底化学腐蚀预处理和溅射时对衬底施加适当的负偏压均有利于耐磨性能的提高。     

高定向ZnO纳米棒阵列膜的制备及其光学性能

采用阴极恒电位沉积方法,在Zn(NO3)2溶液中,用六亚甲基四胺作为形貌控制试剂,直接在氧化铟锡玻璃衬底上制备出透明致密的ZnO纳米棒阵列膜。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能量色散谱表征了薄膜的形貌和结构,测量了ZnO纳米棒阵列膜的光学透射谱和光致发光谱。结果表明:所制备的具有c轴高度择优取向的ZnO纳米棒为高纯单晶纤锌矿结构,粒径约为200nm,膜的结晶度和表面平整度明显提高。ZnO薄膜在可见光区具有高透射率(80%)和陡峭的吸收边缘,室温光致发光谱显示,在380nm处存在一个尖锐的强紫外发射峰和在510nm处存在一宽带弱绿光发射峰。     

ZnO纳米棒水热法生长与表征

采用两步法在FTO导电玻璃衬底上制备ZnO纳米棒,首先利用浸渍-提拉法在FTO导电玻璃衬底上制备ZnO晶种层,然后把有ZnO晶种层的FTO衬底放入盛有生长溶液的反应釜中利用水热法制备ZnO纳米棒.研究了生长溶液的浓度、生长温度和生长时间对所制备的对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微结构和光致发光性能的影响,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光致发光谱(PL)研究了ZnO样品的结构、形貌和光学性质.实验结果表明:所制备的ZnO纳米棒呈现六方纤锌矿结构,沿(002)晶面择优取向生长,纳米棒的平均直径约为100 nm,长度约为2.5 μm.所制备的ZnO纳米棒在390 nm附近具有很强的紫外发光峰和在550 nm附近有较弱的宽绿光发光峰.     

锶掺杂氧化锌薄膜的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

采用超声辅助喷雾热解法,在400℃玻璃衬底上,制备了一系列不同锶掺杂量的氧化锌(SZO)薄膜,通过XRD、SEM、EDX、UV-Vis吸收谱和PL对样品的结构、表面形貌、元素组成和光学特性进行了表征,并研究了其可见光催化性能。XRD显示,所有薄膜样品皆为六角纤锌矿结构且呈现c轴择优取向,没有观察到其他杂相的衍射峰。UV-Vis吸收谱显示,锶掺杂使得氧化锌薄膜样品在可见光区的光吸收性能增强。样品的室温PL谱中,均可观察到380 nm附近的紫外发光峰和500 nm附近的绿发光峰,并且随着锶掺杂量的增加,绿发光峰明显增强。光催化测试结果显示,前驱体溶液中n(锶)/n(锌)为3%时,制得的SZO薄膜可见光催化活性最高。     

磁控溅射工艺参数对NdFeB薄膜表面形貌及相结构的影响

本文对直流磁控溅射法制备NdFeB薄膜工艺进行了研究.采用单晶硅为基体材料,在不同的溅射功率、溅射气压、溅射时间等条件下制备薄膜.之后对薄膜进行了SEM、AFM、XRD分析结果表明,NdFeB薄膜沉积速率、表面形貌及相结构与溅射功率、溅射气压、溅射时间密切相关.并根据实验结果给出优化的NdFeB薄膜制备工艺.     

形貌可控纳米/微米ZnO的绿色合成及光致发光性能研究

以[Bmim]Cl、[Bmim]BF_4、[C_2OH]mimCl和[C_2OHmim]BF_4四种室温离子液体为模板,采用微波加热前驱体Zn(OH)_4~(2-)溶液的方法制备了多形貌纳米/微米ZnO.采用XRD、SEM、TEM对实验样品进行了结构和形貌表征,通过SEM照片分析了不同合成条件对产物形貌的影响.结果表明:合成产物为结晶良好,具有六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO;不同离子液体中合成了鳞状、片状、棒状、锥状纳米ZnO晶体单元,大量ZnO晶体聚集成微米球、花簇;随着前驱体原料配比增大,[0001]方向择优生长明显;随温度从80 ℃增加到95 ℃,ZnO纳米锥生长趋势总体趋于明显, 长径比增大,同时产物形貌的规整性也明显变好;探讨了多形貌纳米/微米ZnO的生长机理;采用室温下光致发光(PL)光谱对多形貌纳米ZnO的光学性能研究表明,多形貌纳米ZnO具有较强的紫外发射和相对较弱的蓝绿发射,离子液体[Bmim]Cl中合成的ZnO纳米锥在387 nm处紫外发射峰强度最大,离子液体[C_2OHmim]Cl 中合成的ZnO纳米片在497 nm处有较强的绿光发射峰.     

采用高吸水树脂为模板制备新型纳米炭材料的研究

首先采用高吸水树脂为模板,制备了四重网络结构高吸水树脂,然后采用四重高吸水树脂为有机模板,蔗糖为炭源制备了新型纳米炭材料,研究了四重高吸水树脂的高分子网络结构及蔗糖溶液的浓度对新型纳米炭材料微观结构的影响。研究结果表明：采用四重高吸水树脂为模板可以制备出新型纳米炭颗粒,这些纳米炭颗粒可以自组装成不同的微观形貌。XRD和Raman的研究结果表明,蔗糖的浓度对新型炭材料的微观结构也有较大的影响。     

采用模板法制备块状炭纳米材料的研究

采用四重高吸水树脂作有机模板,葡萄糖为炭源制备了新型块状纳米炭材料,研究了四重高吸水树脂的高分子网络结构及葡萄糖溶液的浓度对新型纳米炭材料微观结构的影响.研究结果表明:葡萄糖的浓度对所制备的炭材料的微观结构有较大的影响.     

模板法技术制备中空聚合物微球的进展

介绍了模板法制备中空聚合物微球的原理、技术及其最新进展 ,总结了目标中空微球形态的影响规律。     

Application of carbon fibers to the template synthesis of titanium dioxide

The applicability of carbon fibers as a combustible matrix in the template synthesis of nanostructured titanium dioxide was studied. It was found that the carbon matrix was completely combusted upon thermal treatment in a range of 500-800°C with an isothermal exposure at 800°C. As a result, the nanostructured fibers of titanium dioxide whose geometric dimensions repeated those of the initial carbon template were formed.     

Studies on the formation of self-assembled nano/microstructured polyaniline–clay nanocomposite (PANICN) using 3-pentadecyl phenyl phosphoric acid (PDPPA) as a novel intercalating agent cum dopant

Novel self-assembled micro/nanostructured polyaniline–clay nanocomposite (PANICN) materials were prepared by in situ intercalative emulsion polymerization of aniline in aqueous dispersion of clay using functionalized amphiphilic dopant, 3-pentadecyl phenyl phosphoric acid (PDPPA) derived from renewable resource. The structural effect of PDPPA on the morphology, electrical conductivity and phase transition temperature of PANICNs was compared with nanocomposites prepared using dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (DBSA) and HCl. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies revealed the formation of monolayer of protonated PANI intercalated nanoclay layers with template polymerized self-assembled micro/nanostructured PANI on the surface of the clay. Nano/microstructured PANIs were formed by the supra-molecular self-assembling of the inter-chain hydrogen bonding, interplane phenyl stacking and electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembling (ELBS) between polarised alkyl chains present in dopant anions and were manifested using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.     

Synthesis of anatase nanostructured TiO2 particles at low temperature using ionic liquid for photocatalysis

Anatase nanostructured TiO₂ particles were synthesized at low temperature by a modified sol–gel method using water immiscible room temperature ionic liquid as an effective template. Anatase phase was formed at low temperature (100 °C) by effective aggregation of TiO₂ particles with a self-assembled IL in the sol. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared sample was tested for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. The TiO₂ particle prepared with ionic liquid showed higher photocatalytic activity than that prepared with the conventional sol–gel method under identical conditions.     

自组装模板法制备多孔纳米TiO_2的研究进展

多孔纳米TiO2拥有大的比表面积,因此具有优良的光催化、光电转化、抗紫外线等特性,已经成为纳米材料领域研究的热点之一。模板法是制备多孔材料的重要途径,本文综述了近年来自组装模板法制备多孔纳米二氧化钛所用的模板以及合成机理,并对其未来的发展做了展望。     

TiO2-coated nanostructures for dye photo-degradation in water

The photocatalytic efficiency of a thin-film TiO₂-coated nanostructured template is studied by dye degradation in water. The nanostructured template was synthesized by metal-assisted wet etching of Si and used as substrate for the deposition of a thin film of TiO₂ (10 nm thick) by atomic layer deposition. A complete structural characterization was made by scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The significant photocatalytic performance was evaluated by the degradation of two dyes in water: methylene blue and methyl orange. The relevance of the reported results is discussed, opening the route toward the application of the synthesized nanostructured TiO₂ for water purification.     

Development of gel-polymer electrolytes and nano-structured electrodes for Li-ion polymer batteries

A novel methacrylic gel-polymer membrane was synthesized by free radical photo polymerisation (UV-curing technique). The polymerisation was very easy, fast and reliable and the membrane shows good behaviour in terms of both conductivity and cyclability in Li cells. The anode materials were prepared by high energy ball milling obtaining nanocrystalline Ni–Sn alloys, while the hydrothermal processing in presence of a template was used to prepare nanostructured LiFePO₄/C as cathode material. Every component has been characterised separately from the structural and electrochemical point of view. The first experimental data on the performance of a complete Li-ion polymer cell assembled with the components studied are also presented. The results obtained demonstrate the overall satisfying, and some superior performances of the various single components and their feasibility as a complete system.     

Fabrication of PFO‐DBT:OXCBA nanostructured composite via hard template

Poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐alt−4,7‐bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo‐2,1,3‐thiadiazole] (PFO‐DBT) and o‐xylenyl‐C₆₀‐bisadduct (OXCBA) nanostructured composite has been fabricated via the hard porous alumina template‐directed method. Spin‐coating technique at the spin rate of 1000 rpm is used to assist the infiltration of polymer solution into porous template. PFO‐DBT nanotube is fabricated by replicating the porous alumina template before the formation of PFO‐DBT:OXCBA nanostructured composite. Formation of nanostructured composite is completed once the infiltration of OXCBA solution into PFO‐DBT nanotubes is achieved. Detailed results of morphological, structural, and optical properties of PFO‐DBT nanostructures (nanorods and nanotubes) of different solution concentrations are reported. By tuning the optical properties of PFO‐DBT nanostructures, the effect of solution concentration on the optical properties can be realized. The promising PFO‐DBT nanotubes are chosen for the further fabrication of OXCBA:PFO‐DBT nanostructured composite that acts as a core and shell, respectively. Although the nanostructured composite of PFO‐DBT:OXCBA yield low light absorption intensity, the absorption spans the whole visible region and produce low optical energy gap. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44228.