物化-生化法处理制浆生化混合废水的工程应用

在物化-生化法处理制浆中段废水的工程调试中，由于制浆中段废水可生化性差，COD的去除效果不是很理想，利用生化厂有机物含量高的酵母废水引入系统中与制浆中段废水混合一起处理，提高了废水的可生化性，缩短了活性污泥的驯化时间，增加了污泥的活性，提高了污水处理效果。     

以啤酒废水处理污泥为原料发酵生产微生物肥料的研究

研究以啤酒废水处理污泥为原料液态发酵生产微生物肥料.通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了污泥添加量、二氧化氯添加量、发酵条件和培养基对解磷菌D-P2生长繁殖的影响.结果表明,啤酒废水处理污泥添加量为水的60％,二氧化氯添加量为啤酒污泥的1.0％,接种量为8.0％,初始pH值为7.0,在32℃下培养28h就可以得到活体菌高达2.8× 109cfu/mL的解磷菌发酵液,高于国家磷细菌肥料标准.     

采用IC厌氧反应器处理制浆造纸工厂废水

立式IC厌氧反应器与好氧结合处理废水,工艺水可封闭循环,实现废水零排放。采用IC厌氧反应器解决了活性污泥问题,消除泡沫和污泥疏松。年产量5万吨的纸板厂,废水处理车间COD去除率达85％～90％,在IC厌氧反应器中COD去除率为65％,并转化成生物气体（主要是甲烷）,得到的生物气体平均为1200-1500m^2／d。年产量30万t／年的纸板厂,废水处理车间COD和BOD除去率分别为72％和80％,在1C厌氧反应器中使有机污染物转化成生物气体,产生能量35000kWh／d。     

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF BREWERY EFFLUENT

Simply by virtue of the very nature of the production process, breweries are shock dischargers as regards both volume and pollution level. Although the biodegradation of the average brewery waste water can be performed with ease and to an extremely high level it is often the variability of the discharges of brewery waste water that gives rise to objections from both those living in the vicinity and government. Process technical sanitation in the brewery itself is generally the only possible way of limiting a brewery's impact on the environment. A sufficiently large, well-mixed and aerated balancing tank (equilibration basin) appears to be a very effective means of reducing peak discharges. The various authorities generally adapt their discharge regulations to the possibilities available locally, whereby the main objective is usually the protection of other economic/health factors, as well as the protection of their own civil works. The importance of a good flow-measuring and sampling method as a means of checking the effect of newly introduced ‘house-keeping methods’ is indicated as a means of putting forward one's point to the authorities and also for use as design parameters for one's own Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). The introduction of any type of WWTP on the premises of a foodstuff factory is not only a question of investment but also of available ground area and running costs. The paper includes a comparison table showing the differences between aerobic and anaerobic systems as developed up to the present day and also practical hints on how to limit water discharge embarrassment, including the spreading of shock discharges by means of an equilibration basin. The conclusion underlines the rapid development of the anaerobic waste water process and the sequence trend in waste water treatment: first, anaerobic ‘roughing’, followed by an aerobic ‘refining’ of the waste water. The best method of waste water treatment is still determined by the local circumstances and the unique character of each individual brewery .     

酸性废水综合治理改造工程实践

原废酸水处理工艺存在的问题:(1)废酸水酸度偏高;(2)废酸水净化处理设施能力不足;(3)污泥沉淀时间短;(4)排放水铁离子超标准;(5)废水未回用;(6)污泥未进行脱水造成环境污染;(7)沉淀池排泥困难。采取对废酸进行分流、曝气氧化、化学沉淀、重力沉淀、压滤脱水、中水回用等措施,基本实现废酸水的综合治理、集中排放和回用,达到"以废治废,节约资源"的目的,出水基本达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级标准。     

从德国制革污水、污泥处理状况展望我国制革污染的治理--中国制革污泥技术考察团赴德考察报告

介绍了德国制革污水、污泥处理的方法、技术水平和发展思路,提出我国制革污水、污泥治理的思考与建议,目的在于推进我国制革污染治理的进程     

PBS混凝剂处理制革废水的研究

研究了用酸浸的粉煤灰和鼓风炉铁泥所得到的 PBS混凝剂处理制革废水的工艺。结果表明 :PBS与聚硅酸铝 (PSA)絮凝剂配合处理制革废水 ,SS、COD、硫化物和铬的去除率可分别达到 91.8%、83.6 %、93.3%和 87.3%。此法的显著特点是混凝沉降速度快 ,污泥体积小 ,处理废水费用低。还探讨了酸浸粉煤灰混凝剂对制革废水的混凝沉降机理     

封闭循环的废水及污泥在二次纤维中抄纸试验

使用封闭循环的废水及污泥进行抄纸试验,结果表明,循环废水抄纸对纸的强度基本没有影响,但在二次纤维中掺入回收废水后含有纤维的污泥对纸的强度影响较为明显.     

NEW METHOD OF PREDICTING THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF BREWERY WASTE

The designing of plants for brewery waste water treatment is seriously hampered by the fact that published figures for the biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D.) of brewery waste are so discordant that no generally applicable averages can be extracted from them. Even in an operating brewery it is a costly and time-consuming affair to procure representative figures by direct measurements, owing to the intricacy of the sampling problems and the inaccuracy of the analytical methods. In an effort to meet this need it is suggested that an objective and sufficiently exact basis for planning treatment plants and for costing treatment is obtainable by estimating the volume and B.O.D. of brewery waste by calculation. It is demonstrated by reference to a practical example how such calculations may be made by keeping account of all materials going into or leaving the brewery.     

酿酒废水处理存在的问题及解决措施

生化处理法作为酿酒废水降解的主要方法,工艺成熟稳定,出水能达到国标GB 27631-2011《发酵酒精和白酒工业水污染物排放标准》中的规定要求。但是,废水处理过程中仍存在许多技术问题,如废水中的有机资源利用率低、厌氧工艺释放有毒气体、传统絮凝剂有缺陷、微生物絮凝剂使用受限、污泥产量大和处理困难等,这些问题一定程度上造成资源浪费和环境污染,影响废水的处理效果,阻碍废水处理技术的提高以及微生物絮凝剂的应用,该文针对目前酿酒废水处理中存在的这些问题,提出了相应的解决措施,期望酿酒废水处理工艺得到改善,有机资源利用率得到提高,加强微生物絮凝剂的应用,为酿酒废水的处理及综合利用提供借鉴。     

啤酒厂中水回用工艺初探

根据啤酒废水特点提出啤酒厂中水回用最佳方案,即采用MBR法深度处理污水或者采用人工湿地生态处理污,实现减少污水排放量、经济利用的效果.     

糖化车间节能技术探讨

我们知道,糖化车间的能量消耗约占啤酒厂总能量的50%。如何降低糖化车间的能耗,目前已经成为各啤酒厂的中心议题。本文主要从追加热水、回收乏汽、采用新型煮沸技术、麦汁一段冷却等四个方面对节能技术作了探讨。     

Nitrate content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) after fertilization with sewage sludge and irrigation with treated wastewater

A romaine-type lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was cultivated over three crop seasons (spring 2005, spring 2006 and autumn–winter 2006) in six 36 m² plots in Alcázar de San Juan, Spain. A drip irrigation system was used to water all plots: five plots with drinking water and one plot with wastewater from the activated sludge system of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). One drinking water-irrigated plot was not fertilized (control). Five different treatments were applied to the soil: three organic mixtures (sewage sludge, sewage sludge mixed with pine bark and municipal solid waste with composted sludge) and a conventional fertilizer were applied to the four plots irrigated with drinking water. The last plot was irrigated with treated wastewater. The treatments were tested for their effect on plant growth and nitrate concentration in vegetable tissue. An increase in fresh weight in the lettuce was linked to the dosage of sewage sludge. The highest nitrate level was observed in the sewage sludge treatment in all crops and seasons, although, in general, all values were below the maximum limits established by the European Commission for nitrate content in fresh romaine lettuce. In the third crop season, a significant increase in nitrate content was observed in lettuce from organic treatments. Nitrate concentration in lettuce from irrigated treated wastewater was higher than control, although significant differences were not found.     

废纸脱墨废水活性污泥处理动力学研究

对废水活性污泥处理的动力学模型进行了剖析,并分别以CODCx和BOD5为底物,通过试验确定脱墨废水活性污泥处理的动力学系数。试验结果也显示：完全混合式活性污泥处理后,脱墨废水CODCx和BOD5的去除率分别为88．1％和93．4％。     

Biodegradability evaluation of wastewaters from malt and beer production

This study reports results of respirometric measurements of activated sludge biodegrading the substrate in wastewater originating from the following brewery plant production departments: malt house, brewhouse, fermentation house and racking house. The process was conducted at two temperatures: 10 and 20°C with activated sludge adapted to brewery wastewaters. The loading of activated sludge reached 0.25 g chemical oxygen demand per gram dry matter per day, which assured complete degradation of organic matter. The physicochemical characteristics of the wastewaters are provided. The study demonstrates a correlation between the site of wastewater generation, the specific character of a unitary technological process and the quality of the wastewater discharged to the sewage system, including biodegradability. Despite significant differences in the quality of the wastewaters, they were characterized by high biodegradability at a temperature of 10 and 20°C and by the C:N:P ratio being beneficial for biological treatment, irrespective of their source of origin. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

废纸造纸废水厌氧处理中降低反应器颗粒污泥钙化的研究

江苏省某纸业公司是以废纸为原料的大型造纸企业,废水处理采用初沉、厌氧(IC和EGSB反应器)、好氧、化学混凝等常规工艺。该公司造纸机白水封闭循环水平高,吨纸水耗低于10t,显著低于国内同类型企业的平均水平;由于废纸原料来源复杂,钙质添加剂较多,废水中钙离子浓度高,因此废水厌氧系统颗粒污泥钙化问题十分突出。为解决高钙废水颗粒污泥钙化突出的问题,本试验采用适度加药的方法抑制颗粒污泥钙化的趋势,降低企业运行成本,保持厌氧系统稳定运行。     

超临界流体技术在造纸工业中的应用

综述了超临界技术尤其是超临界水氧化法在造纸生产过程、造纸污水和污泥的处理以及废水中痕量有害成分分析等方面的应用.     

豆制品废水制备微生物絮凝剂培养条件优化及产物成分分析

采用常规的平板划线分离法,摇床发酵活性污泥及附近土壤中筛选高效产絮凝剂菌株,结合形态学观察及分子生物学对其进行鉴定。以豆制品废水为培养基,优化菌株发酵产絮凝剂培养条件,并对絮凝活性成分进行分析表征。结果表明,从豆制品废水活性污泥及附近土壤样品中分离得到一株高效的产絮菌,编号为J-7,经形态学及16S rDNA基因测序,菌株J-7被鉴定为Talaromyces pinophilus。最佳培养条件为废水添加量为60%、接种量4%、培养温度为25 ℃、废水初始pH值为5、摇床转速为150 r/min、发酵时间48 h。在该优化条件下,絮凝率可达93.42%。絮凝活性成分进行定性测定、紫外光谱扫描以及红外光谱分析,初步判断其主要成分为多糖,主要基团包括羰基、羟基、氨基、碳骨架基团等。     

活性污泥法处理啤酒生产废水

介绍了一种简单可行的中小型啤酒厂废水处理方法。结果证明,活性污泥法对啤酒生产废水的处理效果良好,ＣＯＤ去除率达９３％、ＢＯＤ去除率达９５％。处理后的废水达到排放,并可回用,有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

The Occurrence of Beer Spoilage Lactic Acid Bacteria in Craft Beer Production

Beer is one of the world's most ancient and widely consumed fermented alcoholic beverages produced with water, malted cereal grains (generally barley and wheat), hops, and yeast. Beer is considered an unfavorable substrate of growth for many microorganisms, however, there are a limited number of bacteria and yeasts, which are capable of growth and may spoil beer especially if it is not pasteurized or sterile‐filtered as craft beer. The aim of this research study was to track beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inside a brewery and during the craft beer production process. To that end, indoor air and work surface samples, collected in the brewery under study, together with commercial active dry yeasts, exhausted yeasts, yeast pellet (obtained after mature beer centrifugation), and spoiled beers were analyzed through culture‐dependent methods and PCR‐DGGE in order to identify the contaminant LAB species and the source of contamination. Lactobacillus brevis was detected in a spoiled beer and in a commercial active dry yeast. Other LAB species and bacteria ascribed to Staphylococcus sp., Enterobaceriaceae, and Acetobacter sp. were found in the brewery. In conclusion, the PCR‐DGGE technique coupled with the culture‐dependent method was found to be a useful tool for identifying the beer spoilage bacteria and the source of contamination. The analyses carried out on raw materials, by‐products, final products, and the brewery were useful for implementing a sanitization plan to be adopted in the production plant.