T型接头的双轴压-压疲劳试验研究

裂纹在循环压缩载荷下的扩展已经被试验证实,但是对于压缩疲劳特别是多轴压缩由于难以观测因而无法准确描述,另外裂纹面载压缩载荷下出现裂纹闭合也增加了问题的复杂性。潜水器结构的大部分区域是处于压应力状态,横舱壁水平大梁端部结构的T型节点正好位于板壳和横舱壁交汇处,承受着复杂的双轴压-压疲劳循环载荷。该文通过对5组T型节点的双轴疲劳试验研究,得到了试件在压—压载荷下的裂纹萌生和扩展规律。和单轴压疲劳不同,双轴压—压疲劳伴随有短裂纹的合并行为、主导有效短裂纹行为和裂纹干涉效应。     

船体裂纹板双轴非比例低周疲劳载荷下累积塑性行为研究

在恶劣海况中伴随着多轴高应力、低循环交变载荷作用下，船体结构不仅会出现多轴低周疲劳破坏，而且还存在着明显的累积塑性破坏。本文通过实验研究在双轴非比例低周疲劳载荷作用下，材质为Q235钢的船体斜裂纹板累积塑性损伤行为，提出双轴非比例低周疲劳载荷下基于累积塑性的裂纹板双轴非比例低周疲劳寿命预测模型。通过分析不同双轴非比例低周疲劳载荷下裂纹板的应力应变迟滞回线，重点探究不同双轴比、应力比和相位差等对低周期疲劳累积塑性变形的影响。研究结果可为准确评估在双轴非比例低周疲劳作用下船体结构断裂破坏行为提供重要依据。     

新型钛合金材料疲劳寿命试验及预报方法研究

为保障我国深海载人潜水器耐压壳结构安全性,本文针对耐压壳用新型钛合金的疲劳特性开展了不同应力水平下疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值试验以及疲劳寿命试验研究;获得了新型钛合金材料在载荷比R=0.1下的门槛值以及不同应力水平下该材料的疲劳寿命值;并基于断裂力学方法,对新型钛合金材料疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了预报研究,将预报结果与相应试验结果进行了对比,从而验证预报方法的可行性和可靠性.     

基于累积塑性破坏的船体缺口板低周疲劳裂纹萌生寿命研究

结合循环应力-应变曲线,获得N次载荷循环后船体缺口板累积塑性应变值,根据Neuber公式和Manson-Coffin方程建立了循环载荷下基于累积递增塑性破坏的船体缺口板低周疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的计算模型。通过有限元计算讨论了循环载荷的平均应力、应力幅值、应力比及尺寸效应的影响;所建立模型的计算结果与已有实验结果基本吻合;对合理预估单轴循环载荷下缺口板的低周疲劳裂纹萌生寿命以及提高船舶安全性有重要意义。     

双轴加载下船底纵骨疲劳寿命试验与数值模拟研究

以实尺度制作了疲劳试验的试件,对45000DWT江海直达散货船船底纵骨与水密及非水密实肋板连接处进行了双轴恒幅循环载荷下的疲劳试验,记录了热点处的疲劳裂纹扩展长度和对应循环次数,获得船底纵骨疲劳特性;根据不同节点处裂纹萌生和扩展情况,得出非水密节点处是疲劳危险处;用动态应变仪记录热点处的应变,根据新版《船体结构疲劳强度指南》中的热点应力法计算热点应力,用试验数据拟合了一条S-N曲线,与指南提供的D曲线进行了对比分析,验证了D曲线的合理性。同时用MSC.Patran软件建立有限元模型,选取2007版《船体结构疲劳强度指南》中名义应力法对应结构形式的F曲线,用MSC.fatigue模块计算了相应节点的总疲劳寿命,将有限元结果和试验结果进行对比,验证了热点应力法的准确性。     

考虑焊接残余应力释放的结构疲劳寿命分析方法研究

焊接残余应力对于焊接结构的疲劳寿命产生很显著的影响,同时循环载荷作用下焊接残余应力会出现释放现象,因此有必要对焊接件疲劳寿命预测方法进行研究.基于改进的McEvily疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型,同时结合课题组研究得到的AH36钢对接焊平板残余应力释放计算公式,提出考虑焊接残余应力释放的结构物疲劳寿命计算方法.随后,以潜艇锥柱耐压壳的疲劳为例,详细阐述了本文提出的疲劳寿命分析方法的计算流程.考虑耐压壳焊接顺序影响,分析了含半椭圆表面裂纹的锥柱耐压壳疲劳寿命.对比文献的试验结果,表明焊接结构疲劳寿命计算公式有较好的预测效果,可以用于评估带表面裂纹焊接件在拉伸循环载荷作用下的疲劳寿命.     

考虑残余应力效应的深潜器耐压壳体疲劳研究

本文考虑焊接残余应力的影响,给出包含裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展全过程的载人深潜器耐压球壳疲劳寿命预报方法,分别基于局部应力-应变法和能计及负应力比效应的裂纹扩展单一曲线模型预报了耐压球壳的工艺疲劳寿命和使用疲劳寿命,研究焊接残余应力大小对球壳疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,忽略拉伸残余应力的影响将导致疲劳寿命预测结果偏于危险;耐压球壳整体受压时,拉伸残余应力使得球壳局部区域承受拉-压循环载荷,计算使用疲劳寿命过程中须考虑其影响;降低拉伸残余应力可有效提高耐压球壳的疲劳寿命。     

一种变幅载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展的预测方法

文章提出了一种基于裂纹尖端弹塑性应力应变关系的预测变幅载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展的方法。该方法通过对裂纹前端过程区单元的弹塑性应力的循环叠加,得到裂纹扩展过程中的应力、应变关系,兼顾了残余应力对裂纹扩展的作用。基于累计损伤理论,同时利用SWT应力应变和寿命的关系,对单元损伤量的循环叠加计算,根据损伤量判断单元破坏。该方法能够清楚地反映过载时裂纹扩展的迟滞效应和低载对裂纹扩展的加速影响,并对变幅载荷下疲劳裂纹的扩展进行良好的评估。     

随机载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展

船舶等许多工程结构在服役过程中的受载荷历程是一个随机过程.而变幅载荷下的载荷相互作用对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命将产生显著的影响.因此研究随机载荷作用下的裂纹扩展及定量计算对船舶结构的疲劳寿命预测的可靠性是十分重要的.该文提出了一个基于有效应力强度因子,以应力比和裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸为主要参数的随机载荷作用下疲劳寿命预测模型.该模型用于预测几种载荷谱作用下的裂纹扩展试验,结果表明预测结构和实验结果符合得很好.     

变幅载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展规律试验研究综述

文章对最近10年来有关变幅载荷下材料疲劳裂纹扩展和失效规律的实验研究方面的最新成果进行了归纳总结.综述内容包括:过载、低载在疲劳裂纹扩展中的作用;过载-低载组合作用时裂纹扩展的情况;基线载荷的影响;块载大小、长度对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响;试件影响;低于应力强度因子门槛值的小应力在变载疲劳裂纹扩展中的表现等六个方面.通过这一综述,进一步验证了部分结论的正确性,同时也发现了部分结论的不完善性.文中也提出了变幅载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展模型的初步设想.     

弯曲载荷下复合材料夹芯"L"型接头强度和疲劳试验研究

文章研究了复合材料夹芯"L"型接头在弯曲载荷下的静强度和疲劳问题.通过静加载试验,得到该接头的极限承载能力和破坏模式.在此基础上,对不同载荷水平下的试件进行疲劳试验.基于试验数据建立S-N曲线,比较了半对数线性拟合和"S"型函数拟合结果.结果表明,"S"型曲线的预测结果好于半对数线性拟合.同时,分析了疲劳载荷下的接头破坏模式,包括夹芯和面板之间脱粘、面板分层和纤维断裂.根据试验现象划分了表明裂纹扩展的3个阶段.建立了刚度退化模型表现不同载荷水平下刚度退化规律.     

Cyclic behavior and strain energy-based fatigue damage analysis of mooring chains high strength steel

This study investigates the low-cycle fatigue behavior of mooring chains high-strength steel grade R4 under different strain amplitudes and strain ratios at room temperature. A fatigue test program has been carried out on small low cycle fatigue specimens cut from large mooring chains. The experimental results characterize the cyclic stress-strain relationship, the mean stress relaxation behavior, and the cyclic plasticity parameters of the material. Strain energy density is correlated with fatigue life through a simple power-law expression and very well represented by Basquin-Coffin-Mansion relationship. Further, a non-linear elastic-plastic material model is calibrated to the experimental stress-strain curves and used for the estimation of energy dissipation in the specimens under applied cyclic loads. The predicted fatigue life using the calibrated material parameters demonstrates a close agreement with the experimental fatigue life. Numerical simulations are carried out to analyze local plastic straining and assess crack initiation at the pit site of corroded mooring chains considering the multiaxial stress state. An energy-based approach is employed to estimate the number of cycles needed for a crack to initiate from an existing corrosion pit.     

Fatigue behaviour and life prediction of filament wound CFRP pipes based on coupon tests

This paper investigates the fatigue behaviour of filament wound Toray T700/Epotech X4201 composite pipes with different lay-ups. The present work compares the fatigue behaviour of coupon specimens manufactured with two different fiber orientations under tension-tension and tension-compression cyclic actions. The test results show that the lay-up and stress ratio have significant effect on the failure mechanism and fatigue life of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite coupons. This paper develops an empirical model, which integrates the effect of stress ratio in a fatigue damage parameter, to evaluate the fatigue life of the CFRP filament wound coupons. Combined with the numerically calculated stresses at the critical locations corresponding to the fatigue damage locations, the proposed empirical model developed from the coupon test database predicts successfully the fatigue life of full diameter CFRP pipes, using stresses computed at critical locations in the CFRP pipe.     

基于雨流计数法及Corten-Dolan准则的轴承疲劳寿命预测

船舶轴承是船舶推进系统中的重要支撑部件，其稳定可靠的工作状态是推进轴系健康服役的重要保障。由于轴承的破坏形式主要为材料疲劳磨损引发的故障失效，故开展船舶轴承的疲劳磨损状态研究就显得尤为重要。本文针对轴承结构疲劳损伤问题，通过MATLAB软件实现雨流计数法原理的计算机语言编写，研究了四点雨流计数法对船舶轴承危险节点的动态应力分析应用，并提取出对应的循环应力载荷谱。考虑平均应力的影响，运用Gerber曲线对统计得到的循环载荷进行等寿命转化。最终利用轴承材料S-N曲线，结合Corten Dolan准则进行疲劳寿命预测计算，得出船舶轴承在相应外部循环载荷作用下的最终寿命。为轴承的设计和优化提供了理论参考依据，对船舶轴系运行管理具有重要的现实意义。     

瞬态冲击载荷作用下舵板结构的疲劳寿命预测

通过开展材料性能试验与分析,获取材料的循环应力-应变曲线,采用不同方法对Manson-Coffin公式中的疲劳常数进行估算,对R≠–1的应变-寿命曲线进行修正.运用雨流计数法计算得到结构的载荷谱,采用Neuber近似解法求出舵板结构的局部应力应变.分别应用道林公式和兰德格拉夫公式2种方法计算结构的累计损伤效应,并对2种方法的计算结果进行对比分析.提出采用应变能等效原则开展试件的疲劳寿命试验方法,试验结果与仿真计算结果较为近似.     

基于雨流计数法的高低频复合疲劳试验研究

船体固有频率与遭遇波浪频率及其倍频相接近时,波浪载荷极易引起船体结构产生持续的波激振动现象,对大型船舶结构疲劳损伤的影响达到40 %以上。因此,有必要针对波激振动引起的非线性垂向弯矩载荷特点,开展高低频复合工况下典型切口试件疲劳试验及累计损伤分析研究。基于非线性随机载荷的分析方法,采用闭合雨流计数法提取叠加应力历程中的多级循环载荷,并结合平均应力修正方法和疲劳极限以下SN曲线局部修正法,对叠加应力历程中小载荷的损伤效应展开研究。分析结果表明,高低频载荷叠加产生的附加损伤效应对疲劳寿命的影响显著,在恒定应力比下随平均应力的变化近似成二次函数关系。考虑高频小载荷的叠加应力历程疲劳寿命明显降低,可以通过修正累计损伤临界值或引入应力放大因子,近似的利用线性累积损伤理论预测实际叠加应力历程的寿命范围。     

Low-cycle fatigue assessment of offshore mooring chains under service loading

The integrity of mooring chains is essential to the safety of a range of offshore platforms. However, mooring line failures are occurring earlier than their design lives, with a high number of these failures occurring due to fatigue. Early in the fatigue life of the component fatigue initiation processes occur, where the fatigue hotspot is sensitive to the mean load and there is plastic strain accumulation from the multiaxial stress-strain responses of the material, leading to cyclic plastic damage accumulation. The traditional SN approach suggested by mooring standards does not consider these effects, and it is proposed that this lack of consideration under low-cycle fatigue conditions is the reason for the current non-conservative fatigue assessments of mooring chains. This paper aims to develop a fatigue approach based on a critical plane multiaxial fatigue criterion for mooring chains that can consider the damage-induced by the cyclic plasticity and the mean load effect, to investigate the importance of incorporating low-cycle fatigue into the mooring chain life prediction. To develop the critical plane approach, the multiaxial stress-strain states are extracted for the critical plane at the fatigue hotspot from a finite element model of a mooring chain. This is then correlated with a fatigue life prediction provided by conventional fatigue design data. It uses a simulation of an FPSO as a case study to demonstrate the importance of low cycle fatigue, which shows that the mean load effect is significant in reducing the fatigue life for mooring chain applications, while the effect of fatigue damage-induced cyclic plasticity is limited. The fatigue damage accumulation predicted by the critical plane approach is significantly higher than that of the traditional SN approach and should be accounted for in mooring line design.     

8530TEU集装箱船舱口盖局部结构疲劳分析

对集装箱船舱口盖的局部结构疲劳载荷计算进行分析,基于S-N曲线提出疲劳寿命的分析方法,并对某8530TEU集装箱船的典型舱口盖结构进行计算,根据结果对结构作有益的改进。     

Corrosion fatigue load frequency sensitivity analysis

This paper presents experimental assessment of crack growth rates of S355J2+N steel in a corrosion fatigue environment similar to what is experienced on offshore wind farm monopile structures under various cyclic load frequencies in order to assess the effect of cyclic frequency of the applied loading within a frequency range pertinent to the structure. Fatigue crack propagation behaviour in this test programme is evaluated through fatigue tests on six compact tension test specimens in air and in laboratory simulated seawater under free corrosion condition. Fatigue crack lengths were monitored by back face strain (BFS), DCPD and ACPD. A regression model was derived through the BFS method to express strain values as a function of crack length to width ratio. The effectiveness of BFS method is particularly demonstrated in the simulated marine environment. Within the range of test frequencies, crack growth rates in simulated seawater when compared to the equivalent air test revealed environmental reduction factors of 2 and 4 at lower and higher values of stress intensity factors respectively. Significant difference in the results of the seawater test frequencies is discussed.