肌苷产生菌B.Subtilis H841在2升罐中的发酵

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Subtilis)H841肌苷产生菌是腺嘌呤、组氨酸、硫胺素三重缺陷型菌株,并对8—氮杂乌嘌呤、6—巯基嘌呤有抗性。在摇瓶中产肌胺18.1克/升,在2L自控发酵罐中最高可产肌苷19.6克/升,在流加葡萄糖情况下可产肌苷26.2克/升。控制pH较不控制pH发酵肌苷产量有较大的增加,控制pH发酵并补加营养时,肌苷产量可稳定地增长,但对葡萄糖的转化率是相同的。     

生物过程代谢组学与代谢流测定

整合的代谢组学和13C代谢流数据能充分反映细胞的代谢状态,对代谢组学和代谢流的测定技术已成为工业生物过程研究的重要手段,并能为工业生物过程优化和高产菌株理性设计提供重要帮助。阐述了代谢组学和代谢流测定的完整流程,包括实验方法、数据处理方法和软件工具,并综述了其在代谢途径鉴定、代谢机制解析和代谢工程等领域的应用进展。     

提高枯草芽胞杆菌7171—6—1肌苷产率的研究

肌苷是具有一定医疗价值的药物,能直接渗透进入人体细胞,使处于低能缺氧状态下的细胞能继续顺利地进行代谢,并能活化丙酮酸氧化酶类参与人体蛋白质的合成,具有激活细胞,刺激代谢等良好作用,适用于各种急、慢性肝脏疾病,心脏疾病,白血球或血小板减少症,中心性视网膜炎,视神经萎缩等病。可与锑剂合并使用,能预防防治血吸虫病药物所引起对心脏或肝脏的副作用。肌苷还可作为原料     

代谢工程在微生物法生产番茄红素中的应用

番茄红素作为强抗氧化剂因具有防癌与抗癌等多种生理功能而广受关注。本文综述了代谢工程在微生物法生产番茄红素中的应用,主要讨论了代谢工程方法在扩展构建新的代谢流、增强番茄红素合成代谢流,阻断竞争支路来提高番茄红素代谢流等方面的应用。     

L-色氨酸生物合成的代谢流量分析

建立了谷氨酸棒杆菌合成L-色氨酸(L-Try)的代谢流量平衡模型,应用该模型计算出发酵中后期的代谢流分布并通过MATLAB软件线性规划得到Try理想代谢流分布。结果表明75．15％的碳架进入糖酵解,24．85％的碳架进入HMP途径;但与理想代谢流相比,应从遗传改造和发酵控制方面降低TCA循环的代谢流,减少副产氨基酸的生成,摸索最适的溶氧控制对提高Try产率至关重要。     

L-色氨酸生物合成的代谢流量分析

建立了谷氨酸棒杆菌合成L色氨酸(LTry)的代谢流量平衡模型,应用该模型计算出发酵中后期的代谢流分布并通过MATLAB软件线性规划得到Try理想代谢流分布。结果表明75.15%的碳架进入糖酵解,24.85%的碳架进入HMP途径;但与理想代谢流相比,应从遗传改造和发酵控制方面降低 TCA循环的代谢流,减少副产氨基酸的生成,摸索最适的溶氧控制对提高Try产率至关重要。     

芽胞杆菌生产嘌呤核苷研究进展

嘌呤核苷在食品和医药领域都有广泛的应用。应用芽胞杆菌生产嘌呤核苷类物质的研究始于 6 0年代 ,其后对合成途径及其代谢调控机制相继进行了深入的研究 ,以下就此做详尽的综述 ,并以肌苷、鸟苷为例 ,对利用芽胞杆菌发酵生产嘌呤核苷的菌种选育和工艺调控的进展做全面的回顾。     

苹果酸对L-谷氨酸发酵代谢流迁移的影响

为更全面深入地理解细胞内谷氨酸代谢的调控机制,以黄色短杆菌GDK-9为供试菌株,应用MATLAB软件和代谢流分析方法定量研究添加苹果酸后L-谷氨酸发酵中、后期胞内的代谢流迁移。在L-谷氨酸发酵中、后期添加2．0g／L苹果酸后,合成副产物L-丙氨酸和乳酸的代谢流量明显减少,分别降低了22．1％和16．5％,EMP途径和乙醛酸循环的代谢流分别减少了2．26％和9．09％,HMP途径的代谢流增加了2．26％,而L-谷氨酸生物合成的代谢流从73．59％增长至79．92％,较未添加前提高了6．33％。添加适量苹果酸能使关键节点发生代谢流迁移,提高了L-谷氨酸合成中心代谢途径的代谢流量。     

柠檬酸钠对枯草杆菌生长代谢及肌苷积累的影响

研究柠檬酸钠对枯草杆菌生长代谢及产苷的影响 ,在基础料中添加浓度为 0 2g L的柠檬酸钠 ,肌苷产量提高 18% ,肌苷对葡萄糖得率增加 38%。通过分析糖代谢途径中关键酶的酶活 ,结果表明添加柠檬酸钠改变了一些关键酶的活力 ,可降低糖酵解途径中 6_磷酸果糖激酶和丙酮酸激酶的活力 ,从而减弱了糖酵解途径的通量。     

L-缬氨酸生物合成中的代谢流量分析

应用流量平衡模型 ,通过物料衡算和MATLAB线性规划方法得到了发酵中后期L 缬氨酸合成过程的代谢流量分步。代谢流分析结果表明 ,在分批培养生成L 缬氨酸的过程中 ,有62 8%的葡萄糖进入糖酵解途径生成L 缬氨酸 ,38 2 %进入HMP途径 ,仅 9 2 %的碳架进入TCA循环。实验条件下的代谢流 (58)与理想代谢流 (92 31 )相比 ,仍应从遗传改造和发酵控制方面降低TCA循环的代谢流 ,减少副产氨基酸的生成来进一步提高缬氨酸的产率。     

鸟苷发酵过程代谢流迁移的分析

以典型的代谢控制发酵产品鸟苷为例说明了一种基于过程参数的相关分析来研究发酵过程中代谢流迁移的方法。通过对发酵过程多参数的相关性分析,结合生物合成代谢途径、氨基酸和有机酸积累的分析,确认了发酵过程代谢流向EMP途径的迁移,认为造成这种代谢流迁移的原因可能是过程铵离子积累。在此基础上,通过对过程参数实时检测分析和及时调整EMP和HMP代谢通量使产率提高了35％。      

Incorporating metabolic flux ratios into constraint-based flux analysis by using artificial metabolites and converging ratio determinants

One of the well-established approaches for the quantitative characterization of large-scale underdetermined metabolic network is constraint-based flux analysis, which quantifies intracellular metabolic fluxes to characterize the metabolic status. The system is typically underdetermined, and thus usually is solved by linear programming with the measured external fluxes as constraints. Thus, the intracellular flux distribution calculated may not represent the true values. (13)C-constrained flux analysis allows more accurate determination of internal fluxes, but is currently limited to relatively small metabolic networks due to the requirement of complicated mathematical formulation and limited parameters available. Here, we report a strategy of employing such partial information obtained from the (13)C-labeling experiments as additional constraints during the constraint-based flux analysis. A new methodology employing artificial metabolites and converging ratio determinants (CRDs) was developed for improving constraint-based flux analysis. The CRDs were determined based on the metabolic flux ratios obtained from (13)C-labeling experiments, and were incorporated into the mass balance equations for the artificial metabolites. These new mass balance equations were used as additional constraints during the constraint-based flux analysis with genome-scale E. coli metabolic model, which allowed more accurate determination of intracellular metabolic fluxes.     

产生L-异亮氨酸的黄色短杆菌的代谢途径分析

目的:代谢工程要解决的主要问题是改变某些途径中的碳架物质流量或改变碳架物质流在不同途径中的流量分布,其目标就是修饰初级代谢,将碳架物质流导入目的产物的载流途径,以获得产物的最大转化率。方法:利用途径分析方法对黄色短杆菌生产L-异亮氨酸的途径进行了分析。结果:建立了9种基础模型,确定L-异亮氨酸理论最高摩尔产率是1;确定了黄色短杆菌生产L-异亮氨酸的最佳途径的通量分布,并以此为依据进行发酵溶氧控制优化,溶氧分阶段控制发酵生产L-异亮氨酸比溶氧恒定控制方式发酵的产率提高了8.2%。结论:根据途径分析结果,通过改变发酵过程有关参数,可使目的产物产率得到提高。     

基于途径分析的L-异亮氨酸发酵溶氧控制研究

利用途径分析方法对黄色短杆菌（Brevibacterium flavum）TC-21 生产L-异亮氨酸的途径进行了分析,确定了黄色短杆菌TC-21生产L-异亮氨酸的最佳途径的通量分布,根据途径分析的结果,TCA循环的代谢流量对L-异亮氨酸产量有明显影响,而TCA循环与发酵过程中的溶氧密切相关,因此可以通过控制溶氧来提高L-异亮氨酸产量。在发酵过程的不同阶段,根据菌体生长和产酸的需求,改变TCA代谢流量,可以有效提高产酸率。实验证明,通过溶氧分阶段控制发酵生产L-异亮氨酸,比溶氧恒定控制方式发酵产率提高了15.77％。实验结果说明,用途径分析的结果指导发酵过程中的溶氧可以大幅度提高L-异亮氨酸的产量。     

Effects of the changes in enzyme activities on metabolic flux redistribution around the 2-oxoglutarate branch in glutamate production by<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Corynebacterium glutamicum</Emphasis>

An experimental method for metabolic control analysis (MCA) was applied to the investigation of a metabolic network of glutamate production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. A metabolic reaction (MR) model was constructed and used for flux distribution analysis (MFA). The flux distribution at a key branch point, 2-oxoglutarate, was investigated in detail. Activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (ODHC) around this the branch point were changed, using two genetically engineered strains (one with enhanced ICDH activity and the other with enhanced GDH activity) and by controlling environmental conditions (i.e. biotin-deficient conditions). The mole flux distribution was determined by an MR model, and the effects of the changes in the enzyme activities on the mole flux distribution were compared. Even though both GDH and ICDH activities were enhanced, the mole flux distribution was not significantly changed. When the ODHC activity was attenuated, the flux through ODHC decreased, and glutamate production was markedly increased. The flux control coefficients of the above three enzymes for glutamate production were determined based on changes in enzyme activities and the mole flux distributions. It was found that the factor with greatest impact on glutamate production in the metabolic network was obtained by attenuation of ODHC activity.     

鸟苷产生菌的代谢途径分析

代谢工程要解决的主要问题就是改变某些途径中的碳架物质流量或改变碳架物质流在不同途径中的流量分布,其目标就是修饰初级代谢,将碳架物质流导入目的产物的载流途径以获得产物的最大转化率。利用途径分析方法对枯草芽孢杆菌生产鸟苷的途径进行了分析,建立了3种基础模型,鸟苷理论摩尔产率分别是0．625、0．75和0．667,确定了枯草芽孢杆菌生产鸟苷的最佳途径的通量分布。     

A review on metabolic pathway analysis with emphasis on isotope labeling approach

The recent progress on metabolic systems engineering was reviewed based on our recent research results in terms of (1) metabolic signal flow diagram approach, (2) metabolic flux analysis (MFA) in particular with intracellular isotopomer distribution using NMR and/or GC-MS, (3) synthesis and optimization of metabolic flux distribution (MFD), (4) modification of MFD by gene manipulation and by controlling culture environment, (5) metabolic control analysis (MCA), (6) design of metabolic regulation structure, and (7) identification of unknown pathways with isotope tracing by NMR. The main characteristics of metabolic engineering is to treat metabolism as a network or entirety instead of individual reactions. The applications were made for poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production usingRalstonia eutropha and recombinantEscherichia coli, lactate production by recombinantSaccharomyces cerevisiae, pyruvate production by vitamin auxotrophic yeastToluropsis glabrata, lysine production usingCorynebacterium glutamicum, and energetic analysis of photosynthesic microorganisms such as Cyanobateria. The characteristics of each approach were reviewed with their applications. The approach based on isotope labeling experiments gives reliable and quantitative results for metabolic flux analysis. It should be recognized that the next stage should be toward the investigation of metabolic flux analysis with gene and protein expressions to uncover the metabolic regulation in relation to genetic modification and/or the change in the culture condition.     

乳酸钠促进法夫酵母虾青素合成代谢流作用分析

【目的】研究乳酸钠(一种糖代谢产物)的加入对法夫酵母JMU-VDL668发酵过程中细胞生长和虾青素合成的影响。【方法】分别在摇瓶和7 L发酵罐实验基础上,采用代谢通量分析的方法分析添加乳酸钠对法夫酵母菌株JMU-VDL668合成虾青素代谢流的影响。【结果】在7 L发酵罐实验中添加乳酸钠,虾青素产量最高可达17.70 mg/L,与对照组相比提高26%。代谢通量分析表明,乳酸钠可以调节丙酮酸、乙酰辅酶A节点处的代谢通量分布,乳酸在乳酸脱氢酶的作用下可以直接进入代谢网络的后半程,乙酰辅酶A的通量和进入TCA循环的通量得到了显著加强。【结论】乳酸钠的加入提供了更多的乙酰辅酶A等前体物质和能量供给,因此促进了虾青素的合成。     

Metabolic flux analysis ofBeijerinckia indica for PS-7 production

In order to investigate central metabolic changes inBeijerinckia indica, cells were grown on different carbon sources and intracellular flux distributions were studied under varying concentrations of nitrogen. Metabolic fluxes were estimated by combining material balances with extracellular substrate uptake rate, biomass formation rate, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) accumulation rate. Thirty-one metabolic reactions and 30 intracellular metabolites were considered for the flux analysis. The results revealed that most of the carbon source was directed into the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, followed by the recycling of triose-3-phosphate back to Hexose-6-phosphate. The pentose phosphate pathway was operated at a minimal level to supply the precursors for biomass formation. The different metabolic behaviors under varying nitrogen concentrations were observed with flux analysis.