绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体在无营养条件下对偶氮染料刚果红的脱色作用

【目的】在无营养条件下,利用白腐真菌绒毛栓孔菌(Trametes pubescens)菌丝体对染料进行脱色可减少试验成本,提高染料处理的实用性。【方法】将该菌株液体培养的菌丝体在无营养条件下对染料进行脱色,并对其中脱色效果较好的偶氮染料刚果红的脱色过程进行分析。在此过程中,测定了该菌株分泌的胞外胞内酶活力,优化影响因子如初始pH值、温度、染料浓度和盐度,同时利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析无营养条件下偶氮染料刚果红的降解产物。植物毒性试验测定刚果红经绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体脱色前后的毒性变化。【结果】菌丝体对偶氮染料刚果红有较好的脱色效果,在初始pH值为2.0,温度为30°C,染料浓度为80 mg/L,盐度为2.5%(质量体积比)时,150 r/min转速下培养7 d后脱色率可达80.52%。在此过程中,菌丝体可被连续使用2次,且其所分泌的酶系可降解染料。此外,通过气相色谱-质谱联用分析得到刚果红的降解产物为萘胺、联苯胺和叠氮萘。植物毒性试验显示在无营养条件下的绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体对染料有明显的脱毒作用。【结论】研究发现绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体在无营养条件下的偶氮染料废水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

拟康宁木霉对甲基橙废水的酶促降解研究

利用驯化获得的拟康宁木霉菌(Trichoderma koningii)处理甲基橙废水,以脱色率为指标探讨了反应时间、初始甲基橙浓度、pH、葡萄糖用量、不同培养时间等培养因素对拟康宁木霉生长前期降解甲基橙废水效果的影响;在较优条件下以脱色率为指标,探讨了酶在pH、温度、酶液投加量、初始甲基橙浓度、反应时间等条件下的酶促降解反应;并通过正交试验验证其脱色降解甲基橙染料的最佳反应条件,为染料废水的处理提供试验基础。试验表明,培养过程中拟康宁木霉菌降解甲基橙废水的最适条件为初始甲基橙浓度30 mg/L,培养时间72 h,葡萄糖浓度25 g/L,pH 6.5。在较优培养条件下提取的酶,在酶液投加量为0.6 mL,温度为25℃,pH为7.0,处理时间为6 h的处理条件下,其降解率可达85.48%,脱色效果较明显。本研究为拟康宁木霉对甲基橙染料废水的酶促降解条件提供了参考。     

东方栓孔菌菌丝体生物吸附剂对染料的脱色作用及其吸附机制研究

利用东方栓孔菌Trametes orientalis菌丝体制得的生物吸附剂,对刚果红、结晶紫、铬天青、亚甲基蓝和中性红5种染料进行了脱色试验,对脱色效果较好的染料进行了影响因子优化,并通过红外光谱分析、化学修饰等方法研究其吸附作用的机制。结果显示：东方栓孔菌菌丝体生物吸附剂对结晶紫有相对较好的脱色效果;在优化的影响因子中,0%–3.0%（m/v）浓度范围内,盐度对染料脱色有促进作用;表面活性剂促使脱色率增加,吐温60浓度为1.5%（v/v）时脱色率可达83.84%;温度为43℃、初始pH为3.0、振荡培养10d后吸附率最高达91.54%。红外光谱分析及化学修饰结果表明菌丝体对染料的吸附作用主要是由它们之间的静电作用力所致。     

白腐真菌对酸性橙7的脱色降解

偶氮染料广泛应用于纺织、造纸和包装等行业,因其具有三致性、结构稳定且难降解,已成为染料废水处理的研究热点之一。本研究以白腐真菌作为脱色菌株,考察了不同白腐真菌对偶氮类染料酸性橙7(acid orange 7,AO7)的脱色降解,探讨了AO7染料的浓度、pH、温度以及脱色时间对染料脱色率的影响,同时应用紫外-可见光谱吸收法、红外光谱吸收法、高效液相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法对AO7的降解产物进行分析,并对其产物进行植物毒性实验,以推断AO7可能的降解途径及其降解产物的毒性。结果表明:在pH 4.5、28℃条件下,刺芹侧耳(Pleurotus eryngii)和杂色云芝(Trametes versicolor)的混合菌丝脱色降解100 mg/L AO7,24 h脱色率可达93.46%。推测AO7可能的生物降解途径:AO7偶氮键断裂生成对氨基苯磺酸和1-氨基-2-萘酚;接着对氨基苯磺酸脱去磺酸基,生成对苯二酚;同时1-氨基-2-萘酚开环生成邻苯二甲酸和对羟基苯甲醛,之后进一步降解生成苯甲酸;最后对苯二酚和苯甲酸继续氧化成其他小分子中间体、H2O和CO_(2)。植物毒性实验表明,P.eryngii和T.versicolor混合菌丝对AO7脱毒效果较好。以上研究为探究白腐真菌在工业废水中降解偶氮类染料的应用奠定基础。     

茅草菇菌丝球对铬黑T的脱色降解性能及毒性评价

[目的]利用真菌茅草菇菌丝球对染料铬黑T(EBT)进行脱色和降解,探究在不同环境条件下对染料脱色性能的影响及作用机制.[方法]采用单因素分析探究真菌的最佳脱色能力,分光光度法测定真菌酶活,小麦种子萌发、大肠杆菌接触抑制试验及秀丽隐杆线虫毒性试验测定脱色前后废水的毒性.[结果]茅草菇菌丝球受摇床温度和转速影响较小,在pH...     

粗毛栓菌菌丝球非灭菌条件下对12种染料的脱色研究

以新型白腐真菌——粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica为材料,研究了优化后的该菌菌丝球在非灭菌条件下对直接染料、中性染料、三苯甲烷类染料以及蒽醌类染料共12种染料的脱色能力、脱色机制,以及pH、温度、染料初始浓度等参数对该菌菌丝球脱色效果的影响。结果表明,优化条件下制备的粗毛栓菌菌丝球脱色活力良好,4℃下保存20d后仍保持有原脱色活力的95%;活菌丝球比死菌丝球对染料具有更强的耐受性和更好的脱色效果;非灭菌条件下活菌丝球对12种染料的适宜脱色条件为pH 3.0–5.0、25℃、染料浓度为50mg/L、处理36–60h,该条件下粗毛栓菌菌丝球在60h内脱色率均在55%以上,其中粗毛栓菌菌丝球对亚甲基蓝脱色率最高可达到96.40%。紫外可见光谱分析和显微观察结果表明,48h内粗毛栓菌菌丝球在非灭菌条件下对12种染料的脱色是由吸附引起,无二次污染物的产生。粗毛栓菌的这些优良特性显示了其在工业染料废水处理中的广阔应用前景。     

一株撕裂蜡孔菌的分离培养及其系统发育分析

目的:分离出一株撕裂蜡孔菌(Ceriporia lacerata),通过PDAY培养基培养后,进行了培养特性及系统发育分析.方法:PDAY培养基培养菌丝体,电镜扣描获得菌丝微观形态,利用分子生物学方法对其rRNA基因内转录间区(ITS区)进行了克隆测序,与Genbank中已有的有关序列进行比较.结果:其ITS区与撕裂蜡孔菌同源率为98.8%～100%,属于一单独分支中,与白囊耙齿菌(Irpex lacteus)、射脉菌(Phlebia albida)及齿白木层孔菌(Leucophellinus irpicoides)的同源率为83.7%、81.2%及83.5%.结论:形态结果及分子鉴定表明撕裂蜡孔菌(Ceriporia lacerata)培养成功,菌丝体的获得为进一步开发利用提供了依据.     

多孔菌Trichaptum abietinum 1302BG自然条件下对合成染料刚果红和酸性品红的高效降解

选用杭州竹林土壤分离并筛选能够降解多种类型染料的真菌。经大量筛选发现一株编号为1302BG的真菌能够在固体培养基上分解所测试的全部9种染料(苯胺蓝、刚果红、橙黄G、甲基红、甲基橙、结晶紫、酸性品红、番红花红、碱性品红、甲基紫)。经形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定, 该菌1302BG为冷杉附毛孔菌(Trichaptum abietinum)。在液体培养基中研究了pH、温度、碳源、氮源、碳氮源组合、碳氮源浓度等参数对该菌脱色效果的影响, 以寻找最适最经济的脱色条件。在液体培养基中研究表明, 冷杉附毛孔菌1302BG既能在酸性又能在碱性条件下有效分解2种测试染料(酸性品红和刚果红)。该真菌能以仅含有0.5 g/L淀粉和0.05 g/L硫酸铵的经济、环境友好的培养基为底物, 能在灭菌和非灭菌(自然)的条件下高效脱色, 在24 h内对2种染料的脱色率均在90%以上。紫外/可见光谱及微核试验分析显示, 该菌脱色主要是以生物降解为主, 2种染料经该菌分解后的毒性也同时大大降低。这些优异特点显示了该菌具有非常广阔的工业染料废水处理应用潜力。     

东方栓孔菌在染料脱色中的应用及其脱色条件的优化

本研究利用东方栓孔菌(Trametes orientalis)菌株Cui 6300发酵所得的粗酶液,对刚果红、结晶紫、铬天青、亚甲基蓝和中性红5种染料进行了催化脱色试验,并对其中脱色效果较好的染料进行了脱色条件优化.结果表明:东方栓孔菌漆酶粗酶液对结晶紫有相对较好的脱色效果.添加2,2'-连氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸) (ABTS)的粗酶液对结晶紫的降解效果没有明显促进作用,因此后续试验中直接采用粗酶液.脱色条件优化结果为:最佳初始pH值6.0,最佳培养温度55℃,最佳接种量2.0%,最佳转速160 r/min,最佳底物浓度160 mg/L.在此条件下反应96 h,脱色率可达98.45%.本试验说明东方栓孔菌在印染废水治理方面具有较好的应用前景,可以作为一种新型菌株应用于染料脱色.     

Coriolus versicolor催化酸性橙降解的研究

对利用白腐真菌Coriolus versicolor的菌丝球来催化染料酸性橙的降解作了报道。首先进行了不同初始浓度酸性橙的降解实验。在实验范围内,降解率随着初始浓度的增高而增高,平均降解率在91％左右。建立模型拟合了同一温度下不同初始浓度酸性橙降解的过程。初始浓度在20．99到101.6mg/L之间时,模型计算值与实验值大致吻合。考察了pH和温度对酸性橙降解的影响,发现菌丝球降解酸性橙的最适pH为6．0,温度以32℃左右为最佳。对补充了不同量碳源的酸性橙溶液进行重复分批降解实验表明,碳源的补充对重复分批降解是必不可少的。在重复过程中,降解率呈下降趋势。但在降解染料的同时添加适量的葡萄糖可以使菌丝的使用寿命显著延长。     

刺芹侧耳产漆酶条件优化及对偶氮染料甲基橙的脱色

漆酶是一种含铜的单电子多酚氧化酶,能够催化氧化各种酚类及多种染料,在处理染料废水方面具有巨大的潜力。刺芹侧耳Pleurotus eryngii具有较强的产漆酶能力,但漆酶产量在较大程度上受环境条件限制。本文研究了氮源含量、pH、温度、金属离子等环境条件对刺芹侧耳产漆酶能力的影响,优化了其产漆酶条件,并用其粗酶液对典型偶氮类染料甲基橙进行脱色,结果表明,在氮源0.5%（W/W）、pH 5.5、温度28℃、添加5.0mmol/L Mg ²⁺的培养条件下,刺芹侧耳产漆酶能力最强,培养6d时,漆酶酶活可达78.0U/L。用优化培养的刺芹侧耳粗酶液对偶氮染料甲基橙进行脱色,28h后脱色率可达90%,脱色反应为准一级动力学反应,甲基橙并未完全矿化,而是生成小分子中间产物。     

Enhanced decolorization of sulfonated azo dye methyl orange by single and mixed bacterial strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1

Abstract

Methyl orange, a sulfonated azo dye having various industrial applications was decolorized by three bacteria Bacillus sp. strain AK1, Lysinibacillus sp. strain AK2 and Kerstersia sp. strain VKY1. The effect of various factors such as dye concentration, pH, temperature and NaCl concentration on decolorization was investigated. At 200?mg/L methyl orange concentration, the strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1 exhibited maximum decolorizing potential of 93, 95 and 96%, respectively, at temperature 35?°C and pH 7.0 within 18?h of incubation. These strains decolorized the dye over a wide range of pH (5–10), temperature (15–55?°C), and NaCl concentration (5–20?g/L). Further, these strains decolorize up to 800?mg/L concentrations of methyl orange within 24?h. The dye decolorization efficiency was further increased by using different consortia of these three strains which could decolorize the dye completely within 12?h of incubation. The cell-free extracts of the strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1 grown on methyl orange exhibited the azoreductase activity of 0.4794, 1.56 and 1.01?µM/min/mg protein, respectively. HPLC and FTIR analysis of the dye decolorized sample indicated the formation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine as breakdown products of azo bond. The high decolorization potential of these bacterial strains individually and in consortia has potential application in remediation of dye effluent.     

一色齿毛菌对刚果红的脱色优化及其毒性变化研究

一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor是分离自野外的一株能够降解木质素的白腐真菌。为明确一色齿毛菌对染料的脱色能力及脱色前后染料毒性的变化,本研究利用一色齿毛菌对固体条件下4种染料进行脱色能力的检测,筛选出较易脱色的染料后,对该染料的脱色条件进行优化,并以3种豆类发芽率为指标测定该染料脱色前后的毒性变化。结果表明,一色齿毛菌对4种染料均可脱色,其中对刚果红的脱色效果最为明显;一色齿毛菌对刚果红脱色条件的优化结果为：20g/L麦芽糖,1g/L硝酸铵,1mmol/L硫酸镁,接种9块直径1cm菌饼,10mg/L染料浓度,pH 7时脱色效果最好;刚果红染料脱色前后毒性测试结果显示：染料脱色前发酵液毒性>染料脱色后发酵液毒性>清水处理毒性,表明刚果红染料存在一定的毒性,但在被一色齿毛菌脱色后,染料毒性有所降低。本研究为一色齿毛菌在染料废水脱色方面的应用及降低染料废水毒性提供一定的参考依据。     

Efficient decolorization and detoxification of sulphonated azo dye Ponceau 4R by using single and mixed bacterial consortia

Abstract

The decolorization of toxic azo dye Ponceau 4R by three strains of bacteria Bacillus sp. strain AK1, Lysinibacillus sp. strain AK2 and Kerstersia sp. strain VKY1 individually and in consortia was studied. At optimal conditions, up to 95%, 93% and 87% of the dye was decolorized by the strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1, respectively, in 24?h at 200?mg/L of the dye. Decolorization of the dye was optimized for different parameters such as the concentration of dye, pH, temperature and NaCl concentration. These strains were able to decolorize Ponceau 4R up to an initial concentration of 800?mg/L in the pH range of 5–10, temperature 25–55?°C and NaCl concentration up to 30?g/L. The dye decolorization efficiency of these strains was further enhanced by using different consortia of AK1, AK2 and VKY1 in various combinations. The complete decolorization of the dye by a consortium was achieved within 18?h at 200?mg/L. The cell-free extract of these strains grown on this dye exhibited a remarkable activity of azoreductase which is involved in the breakage of the azo bond. The steady-state kinetics of azoreductase, validated the ping pong Bi-Bi mechanism of enzyme action. UV–Vis spectra, HPLC, FTIR and LC-MS analysis of the dye decolorized samples showed the formation of 4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulphonic acid and 5-amino-6-hydroxynaphthalene-2, 4-disulphonic acid as the products of azo bond breakage. The phytotoxicity test of decolorized sample revealed a considerable reduction in the toxicity in comparison with the parent dye.     

白囊耙齿菌对茜素红脱色条件优化及其毒性变化检测

白囊耙齿菌Irpex lacteus是分离自倒木上的一株可以分泌漆酶和锰过氧化物酶的白腐真菌。利用I. lacteus对固体条件下的活性黑、活性红、结晶紫、茜素红和孔雀石绿进行脱色能力的检测,通过单因素和正交试验优化I. lacteus对茜素红的脱色条件,并以3种作物发芽率为指标测定茜素红被I. lacteus脱色前后的毒性变化。结果显示,I. lacteus对5种染料均可脱色,其中对茜素红染料的脱色更为彻底;单因素和正交试验优化I. lacteus对茜素红的脱色条件为：pH 7.0、葡萄糖10.0g/L、硫酸铵0.66g/L、接种量2片（Φ=8.0mm）、100.0mL三角瓶装液20.0mL,优化条件下I. lacteus对茜素红脱色10d时的脱色率为88.26%,与未优化前的脱色率相比提高了60.50%;茜素红染料被I. lacteus脱色前后毒性大小排序为：染料原液>染料脱色后>PDB培养基处理,表明茜素红染料存在一定的毒性,I. lacteus脱色茜素红后可以使其毒性减弱。通过本研究,为I. lacteus在茜素红等染料废水脱色以及降低染料废水毒性方面的应用奠定基础。     

藜芦醇和吐温80对白腐菌产木质素降解酶的影响及在偶氮染料脱色中的作用

担子菌PM2在限氮液体培养下,分泌木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶;藜芦醇、吐温 80的补充,提高了该菌锰过氧化物酶的产生,获得的最大锰过氧化物酶Mnp酶活为254.2u/L、190.2 u/L,分别是对照的3.4倍和2.5倍。选择三种偶氮染料,在染料体系下,进一步分析藜芦醇、吐温 80对担子菌PM2产过氧化物酶及染料脱色的影响。结果表明,担子菌PM2分泌的锰过氧化物酶Mnp与染料脱色有关,脱色程度受其分子结构特征影响;吐温80的补充,更有利于染料的脱色降解,48h后三种染料均可达到80%以上的脱色率。     

Microbial decolorization and degradation of synthetic dyes: a review

The synthesis of dyes and pigments used in textiles and other industries generate the hazardous wastes. A dye is used to impart color to materials of which it becomes an integral part. The waste generated during the process and operation of the dyes commonly found to contain the inorganic and organic contaminant leading to the hazard to ecosystem and biodiversity causing impact on the environment. The amount of azo dyes concentration present in wastewater varied from lower to higher concentration that lead to color dye effluent causing toxicity to biological ecosystem. The physico-chemical treatment does not remove the color and dye compound concentration. The decolorization of the dye takes place either by adsorption on the microbial biomass or biodegradation by the cells. Bioremediation takes place by anaerobic and/or aerobic process. The anaerobic process converts dye in toxic amino compounds which on further treatment with aerobic reaction convert the intermediate into CO₂ biomass and inorganics. In the present review the decolorization and degradation of azo dyes by fungi, algae, yeast and bacteria have been cited along with the anaerobic to aerobic treatment processes. The factors affecting decolorization and biodegradation of azo dye compounds such as pH, temperature, dye concentration, effects of CO₂ and Nitrogen, agitation, effect of dye structure, electron donor and enzymes involved in microbial decolorization of azo dyes have been discussed. This paper will have the application for the decolorization and degradation of azo dye compound into environmental friendly compounds.     

开放条件下烟管菌XX-2对孔雀石绿染料的高效降解

[目的]评价白腐真菌Bjerkandera adusta XX-2处理孔雀石绿染料废水的能力,为其在染料废水中的应用提供参考依据.[方法]采用批次实验在开放条件下研究通气、pH、温度、染料初始浓度、培养时间、碳源、氮源、金属离子、盐度等因子对该菌降解孔雀石绿的影响.同时利用植物萌发、微生物抑菌和水生动物致死实验对降解产物进行毒性测试.[结果]B.adusta XX-2菌株在开放的非灭菌条件下也能高效降解孔雀石绿.例如,在初始浓度为120 mg/L且以孔雀石绿为唯一营养源的条件下降解率也能达到60％.静置培养和摇动培养呈现出几乎相同的降解率,这可以为技术应用节约动力成本.最适降解pH与温度分别为7.0和25℃.在上述参数体系的优化基础上,分别进行了碳源、氮源与金属离子的添加优化实验,结果显示低浓度的碳源(如柠檬酸钠)、氮源(如氯化铵)和金属离子(如Zn2+)均可大大提高B.adusta XX-2对孔雀石绿的脱色效率.同时B.adusta XX-2的降解也能在很高的盐浓度下进行.毒性测试表明降解后的染料对植物、微生物、水生生物的毒性大大减少.[结论]B.adusta XX-2菌株在处理染料废水方面具有很大的应用潜力.     

Decolorization of Fast red by metabolizing cells of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oenococcus oeni</Emphasis> ML34

Three different azo dyes such as Fast red, metanil yellow and Fast orange were examined for their decolorization by O. oeni ML34. Fast red (FR) was decolorized by 68%, whereas the other dyes were removed by only about 30%. The effects of glucose addition, substrate (dye) concentration and environmental factors (temperature, pH) on decolorization were investigated by two-level factorial design. The statistical analyses revealed that glucose specifically increases the extent of FR decolorization. A glucose level of 5 g/l was the optimum concentration for removal of, FR reaching a decolorization percentage of up to 93%.