超级电容在城市轨道车辆中的节能应用

根据城市轨道车辆频繁启动和制动的特点,提出一种新的基于车载电阻制动能量控制的方法,对电阻制动能量进行回收并合理利用,减小列车制动时在制动电阻上的能量消耗,采用超级电容作为储能元件以回收电阻制动能量。基于对上海地铁2号线试验测试能量的详细分析,以及结合超级电容的各种特性,确定回收电阻制动能量时超级电容的容量。     

基于超级电容的抽油机制动能量回收系统研究

针对游梁式抽油机系统的"倒发电"现象,传统的能耗制动和回馈制动造成电能浪费和谐波污染等问题,制动能量得不到合理利用.采用超级电容储能的制动能量回收系统,能够在抽油机电机处于再生发电状态时回收能量,并在电机处于电动状态时将能量释放,实现系统的节能降耗.然而,该方案存在储能装置容量配置较大、成本较高等不足,限制了其推广和应用.文章提出基于功率-容量约束的超级电容器模组参数配置方法,该方法以提高超级电容储能系统的性价比为目标,对储能系统的初始充电电压进行优化;以抽油机再生制动能量的有效回收和及时释放为前提,制定储能系统控制策略.仿真结果验证了所提参数配置方法及控制策略的有效性和可行性,满足节能效果和系统成本双优的目的.     

纯电动汽车制动能量回收系统测评方法研究

制动能量回收作为纯电动汽车提高能量利用效率的重要技术之一,尚缺乏统一的测评指标.在研究纯电动汽车制动能量回收路线及相应结构装置的基础上,从整车试验的角度出发,提出纯电动汽车测试中的"制动能量回收效率"指标.对比分析车辆行驶阻力的2种计算方法发现:不进行滑行试验,采用理论计算法也可较好地反映车辆实际的能耗状况.根据试验数据计算了3种EV车型在NEDC工况下制动能量回收效率,并结合车型参数进行了对比分析,结果表明:电池、电机参数与整车匹配性较好的纯电动汽车往往能够更好地回收利用制动能量.     

地铁再生制动储能装置参数设计

为了利用地铁列车制动过程产生的再生能量,维持牵引网电压的稳定,设计一种基于列车制动的超级电容型储能装置。根据北京地铁5号线的电动列车实际参数,通过对列车制动动力学和制动特性的对比和分析,更准确地计算出列车制动过程反馈到牵引网的再生能量;分析了储能装置的物理模型,根据限制条件确定了储能装置的主要参数和阵列配置;验证分析表明,该储能装置能满足地铁制动过程中各物理量的要求。     

并联式液压混合动力系统制动能量回收特性

介绍了并联式液压混合动力系统制动能量回收的节能机理。通过建立车辆动力学模型,参照车辆及相关液压元器件实物的实际参数对AMESim模型进行了相应设置,对车辆制动过程和能量回收过程进行连续仿真分析,得到了相应的曲线。为验证仿真的正确性,在液压试验台架上进行了与仿真相对应的各不同工况的试验,试验结果与仿真结果基本吻合。通过分析仿真与试验结果误差产生的原因,可以得出:在制动时间较短、制动强度较低的条件下,并联式液压混合动力系统能量回收率较高,总体高于43.12%。同时试验结果验证了仿真模型的正确性,说明本文所建立的AMESim模型能够较为直观地分析并联式液压混合动力车辆的制动能量回收过程和效果。     

基于AMESim的液压混合动力系统节能特性

介绍了液压混合动力车辆制动能量回收、释放的原理,对其制动过程进行了分析,根据车辆动力学模型,建立了液压混合动力车辆AMESim模型,结合实际情况对车辆和相关液压参数进行设置,对制动能量回收、释放过程进行仿真,并在实验台上进行了相应的典型工况试验。仿真结果表明,车辆克服滚动摩擦和机械摩擦及蓄能器充放热能损耗后,能量回收率为38.7%,能量释放率达到85.1%。通过试验验证了仿真曲线的正确性,说明此模型能够比较直观地分析液压混合动力车辆的动力性能及制动效果,可以为以后液压混合动力车辆的研发与优化提供参考。     

混合动力汽车车载复合电源参数匹配及其优化

在分析超级电容的加载对混合动力汽车各动力部件参数影响的基础上,提出了复合电源合理的布局形式。针对整车对电源功率、能量的要求对复合系统进行参数匹配,以电源全寿命使用成本最少为目标进行参数优化。对所匹配的结果进行了仿真分析,结果表明,复合电源应用于混合动力汽车,在质量、体积、全寿命使用成本及制动能量回收效能等方面均优于原单一电池。     

基于目标工况的复合电源混合动力客车优化匹配

从功率的角度分析了城市公共汽车工况对动力系统的需求。基于分析结果,针对使用复合电源作为车载储能装置的混合动力客车,提出了发动机、电池、超级电容三个能量源功率解耦的方法,以发动机经济性、车载电源能量转换效率、寿命以及成本作为参考指标,进行了三能量源的优化匹配。对ADVISOR进行了二次开发,仿真结果验证了使用该匹配方案可以达到预期性能。     

基于超级电容的储能式牵引系统研究

以储能式列车为研究对象,以超级电容为唯一动力来源,研究了超级电容的储能原理、充放电特性和能量存储及能量反馈吸收等性能,选择了适合于储能式列车运用的超级电容器阵列组合。从系统的角度出发,以列车运行的基本理论和牵引计算为基础,设计了电力牵引系统的牵引制动特性,建立了一个集电源-牵引-运行合成的储能式列车运行的综合系统,为储能式牵引系统乃至储能式城轨车的设计提供了一个有效的设计手段。     

应用复合电源的轻度混合动力汽车的参数匹配

为解决混合动力汽车成本高、电池寿命短的问题,提出了复合电源轻度混合动力汽车的思想,通过取消发动机怠速、回收制动能量提高燃油经济性,应用电机主动同步技术缩短换档时间,利用超级电容寿命长、效率高的优点与电池组成复合电源,缓冲电池功率负荷,延长电池寿命。对整车各动力部件进行了参数匹配,通过仿真分析对匹配结果加以验证,并总结出将复合电源应用到轻度混合动力汽车中的可行性。     

车辆复合电源功率分配稳定控制策略研究

针对混合动力电动汽车蓄电池-超级电容器复合电源功率分配问题,提出了一种基于滑模变结构和李雅普诺夫的稳定控制策略。滑模变结构控制策略的控制目标包括稳定直流母线电压和精确跟踪超级电容器电流参考值。同时,基于李雅普诺夫理论,对闭环控制系统进行了稳定性分析。在ADVISOR仿真环境下进行仿真研究,并搭建实验样机,进行实验研究。仿真和实验结果表明,该复合电源功率分配控制策略能很好地实现两个控制目标,控制系统实现全局渐近稳定。     

混合动力电动汽车能量及驱动系统的关键控制问题的研究

面对能源和环境的巨大压力,混合动力汽车（hybrid electric vehicle,HEV）已成为汽车工业发展的重要方向。混合动力电动汽车与传统汽车有很大不同,具有独特而又复杂的能量及驱动系统,故对控制系统的要求更高和依赖性更强。该系统可以归结为一类具有高度不确定性和强非线性的混杂切换动态系统,其优化控制策略的优劣直接影响车辆的经济性、可靠性、安全性和舒适性。然而混合动力电动汽车能量及驱动系统的控制器设计却面临众多挑战,现代控制理论和技术则是解决这一技术瓶颈的关键手段。本文从系统与控制科学的角度,深刻全面地综述了HEV能量及驱动系统的能量管理策略、车载动力电池状态估计、驱动系统及其优化控制等关键科学与技术问题及其研究进展,最后指出了HEV能量及驱动系统优化控制技术和理论面临的挑战和发展趋势。     

Designing the cooling system of a hybrid electric vehicle with multi-heat source

In order to reduce the power consumption and meet the cooling demand of every heat source component,three kinds of multi-heat source cooling system schemes were designed base on the characteristic of power split hybrid electric vehicle( HEV). Using the numerical simulation method,the power system heat transfer model was built. By comparing the performance of three different schemes through the Simulink simulation,the best cooling system scheme was found. Base on characteristics of these cooling system structures,the reasonableness of the simulation results were analyzed and verified. The results showed that the cooling system designation based on the numerical simulation could describe the cooling system performance accurately. This method could simplify the design process,improve design efficiency and provide a new way for designing a multi-heat source vehicle cooling system.     

Modeling and optimal energy management of a power split hybrid electric vehicle

With the combination modes of engine and two electric machines,the power split device allows higher efficiency of the engine.The operation and of a power split HEV are analyzed,and the system dynamic model HEV is established event-driven for HEV forward system simulation dynamics controller design.Considering the mode,the fact the mode that the operation modes of is the are and the the is continuous theory.time-driven this for each structure selection of the controller built and the described finite with hybrid automaton control In control structure,process is depicted by the state mode machine(FSM).The multi-mode switch controller is designed to realize power distribution.Furthermore,vehicle operations programming are optimized,and finite the prediction nonlinear model horizon.predictive control(NMPC)strategy is applied by that implementing the dynamic(DP)and in the Comparative simulation The results optimal demonstrate strategy hybrid in control structure is effective feasible for HEV energy management design.NMPC is superior improving fuel economy.     

液压驱动车辆下坡刹车性能的探讨

根据液压驱动车辆反拖制动的运动特点，分析了液压泵排量对液压驱动车辆下坡制动性能的影响，提出了合理地发挥液压系统和发动机下坡反拖制动能力的原则。并进行了试验验证．结果表明：液压泵排量的大小直接影响着液压系统的制动性能和容积效率，也决定了发动机反拖制动能力的大小以及在液压系统和发动机之间的制动能量分配关系，并影响马达转速的变化．     

液压驱动车辆下坡刹车性能的探讨

根据液压驱动车辆反拖制动的运动特点,分析了液压泵排量对液压驱动车辆下坡制动性能的影响,提出了合理地发挥液压系统和发动机下坡反拖制动能力的原则,并进行了试验验证.结果表明:液压泵排量的大小直接影响着液压系统的制动性能和容积效率,也决定了发动机反拖制动能力的大小以及在液压系统和发动机之间的制动能量分配关系,并影响马达转速的变化.     

A triboelectric/electromagnetic hybrid generator for efficient wind energy collection and power supply for electronic devices

Harvesting energy from ambient environment has been considered as a promising strategy for driving portable electronic devices in a sustainable way. A wind driven triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator has been fabricated to convert wind energy into electricity. It is composed of an electromagnetic generator(EMG) and a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG) with the output power of 35 and 0.32 mW, respectively when the wind speed is 5 m/s. Generally, TENG shows a low current output with a high voltage output characteristic, on the contrary the EMG shows a high current output and a low voltage output. This hybrid nanogenerator overcomes these problems and exhibits comprehensive and efficient performance on scavenging energy.Moreover, in view of the output performance and charging ability of the hybrid nanogenerator, it shows high stability, making it suitable for charging capacitors or batteries and driving portable electronics sustainably. A new structure of integrated TENG and EMG was designed to harvest wind energy, which shows potential applications in portable and small device power supply system, especially in the areas of remote mountains, deserts, islands, etc., as emergency power supply.     

电液动力制动系统动力调节模块的动态特性

提出了将再生能量应用于动力制动的节能型电液动力制动系统,实现了再生能量多系统应用。运用Matlab/Simulink软件建立了节能型电液动力制动系统联合制动仿真模型,得到了动力调节模块在制动过程中的动态特性。分析了主要系统参数对系统充放液特性的影响,为节能型电液动力制动系统的理论设计提供了参考。     

Efficient coordinated control of regenerative braking with pneumatic anti-lock braking for hybrid electric vehicle

Urban bus has to start and stop frequently due to typical urban traffic conditions, which, however, can be put to good use by regenerative braking. Regenerative braking is a key technology which not only improves vehicle’s fuel economy in mild braking, but also ensures vehicle safety in emergency braking conditions. Because of the inherent limitations of traditional braking system in recycling energy, it is necessary to change its structure to decouple the brake pressure and the brake pedal force. To solve this problem, a compromise design combining traditional pneumatic braking system with brake-by-wire (BBW) system is adopted in this paper on parallel hybrid electric bus. With the transformed braking system, an efficient coordinated control strategy is proposed to solve the problem caused by the different response speeds of pneumatic braking and regenerative braking. The proposed control strategy is carried out, where the road condition varies and different control methods are adopted. Results show that the adopted braking system and the proposed coordinated control strategy are suitable for different roads, and effective in recovering energy and ensuring vehicle safety. At the same time, shorter braking distance and better control of slip ratio verify the performance of MPC compared with a logical threshold-based control. Therefore, this study may offer a useful theoretical reference to the choice of braking system and braking control strategy design in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).