理想毫米波信道条件下低复杂度的混合波束成形

在基站和用户均采用多天线的混合波束成形架构、下行链路信道为理想毫米波信道的系统下,针对总频谱效率最大问题,提出了一种低复杂度的混合波束成形算法。该方案采用分步的方式,首先进行基站端和用户端的模拟波束成形矩阵的分别求解,在得到模拟波束成形矩阵的基础上得到等效的基带信道,然后利用块对角化数字波束成形算法求解数字波束成形矩阵。仿真结果表明,相比于其他方案,该方案在复杂度较低的同时,也提升了系统的总频谱效率。     

5G通信中数据传输的可靠性分析

对未来无线通信系统的几种潜在的关键通信技术,如异构网络、大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)通信、绿色通信和毫米波通信,给出了较详尽的论述与讨论。首先简要介绍了未来无线通信网络结构的异构化变化所引起的复杂干扰信号的出现及能源消耗增加问题。介绍了大规模MIMO通信技术的优点,大规模MIMO通信的研究现状与研究难点,给出了进一步解决频谱稀缺问题的毫米波无线通信系统的混合波束成形的方案。     

面向5 G无线通信系统的关键技术综述

对未来无线通信系统的几种潜在的关键通信技术,如异构网络、大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)通信、绿色通信和毫米波通信,给出了较详尽的论述与讨论。首先简要介绍了未来无线通信网络结构的异构化变化所引起的复杂干扰信号的出现及能源消耗增加问题。介绍了大规模MIMO通信技术的优点,大规模MIMO通信的研究现状与研究难点。详尽叙述了分别以频谱效率、能源效率和资源效率最大化为目标的绿色无线通信传输优化问题的解决方案。最后,给出了进一步解决频谱稀缺问题的毫米波无线通信系统的混合波束成形的方案。     

毫米波MIMO系统离散化混合预编码设计

为了提高毫米波大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）系统波束成形增益,降低天线与移相器的硬件成本,提出一种基于离散移相器的混合预编码设计方案。以最优化频谱效率为目标,该方案通过分析均匀直线阵列与均匀平面阵列的响应矢量,将毫米波信道的空间特性预编码的设计考虑为空间稀疏重构问题,采用离散化正交匹配追踪原理求出数字预编码与离散化的模拟预编码。仿真结果表明,同等条件下平面阵列的频谱效率优于直线阵列,同时所提出的离散化混合预编码方案中低精度移相器的性能近乎达到全精度移相器的性能增益。     

毫米波通信中混合波束赋形技术探讨

毫米波通信为5G移动通信的关键技术之一,对进一步提高移动通信质量具有巨大的推动作用;但是,其路径损耗大、穿透性能低,实际应用中必须与大规模多输入多输出技术相结合,利用波束赋形技术增强通信质量,降低路径损耗和信号衰减。为降低实际成本,混合波束赋形技术对毫米波通信的实现具有非常重要的意义,笔者主要对其进行了探讨。     

一种新的基于子连接结构的混合预编码算法

毫米波通信是5G网络的关键技术,因为它可以提供较高数量级的频谱,但它具有更大的路损,采用大规模天线阵列和定向波束成形技术可以有效解决这一问题.随着天线数量的增加,传统数字预编码器的硬件和能量成本非常高,需采用混合预编码来克服这一困难,但全连接结构中该算法的功耗较高,因此提出了一种新的基于子连接结构的混合预编码算法.该算...     

毫米波无线通信: 从短距离接入到广域覆盖

由于丰富的频谱资源,毫米波通信已成为未来无线网络的重要研究方向。毫米波通信在短距离无线接入虽已取得明显进展,但如何实现超高速广域覆盖还存在巨大的挑战。本文回顾分析了毫米波信道模型、毫米波多天线传输和毫米波通信网络构架等关键技术的国内外研究现状和发展趋势,提出将毫米波无线通信与新兴的大规模多天线和大规模协作无线传输技术紧密结合,并引入云计算和分布式存储处理等新方法,形成密集分布毫米波大规模多天线无线通信新型网络构架,解决毫米波移动通信的广域大容量无线覆盖和支持终端中高速移动等关键性技术的瓶颈。     

面向5G毫米波通信的波束选择机制

针对5G下行多用户多输入多输出(MIMO)系统,在毫米波频率下工作,并且在Sub-6 GHz系统的辅助下进行波束选择的问题,首先分析毫米波大规模MIMO系统以及Sub-6 GHz系统的波束选择模型,从Sub-6 GHz系统中获取空间信息,对其采用对数加权的方式并将其应用于毫米波波束选择中;在此基础上,采用启发式贪心算法进行波束选择,此算法可以匹配出最强的波束,算法复杂度低,性能一般.为了给所有用户和波束进行最大最优的匹配,提出了基于匈牙利算法的波束选择,通过将波束选择建模为二部图上的最大权匹配进行波束选择,此算法的计算复杂度稍高,性能较好.     

多模基片集成波导波束成形网络的散射矩阵分析及应用

通过对多模波束成形网络散射矩阵的分析,我们在介质基片Rogers5880上设计并加工了基于多模基片集成波导的波束成形网络。这一新型的结构不仅具有传统波束成形网络(如Butler矩阵)的优良性能,而且具有诸如小型化和辐射功率高等一系列优点。将这一结构与基片集成波导缝隙阵天线相级联,可集成为平面多波束天线阵。测试结果表明这种多模波束成形网络适用于微波毫米波多波束智能天线系统,且与仿真分析相比具有较好的一致性。     

无人机协助的多用户MIMO毫米波网络混合预编码方案

针对无人机（UAV）协助的毫米波网络下行链路多用户通信场景,设计一种混合预编码方案。在发射端和接收端分别使用混合预编码器和模拟合并器,并将多元联合优化问题分解为子问题进行求解。构建UAV与地面用户的三维位置模型,利用带外位置信息对波束导向向量进行优化,进而通过码本生成模拟预编码器和模拟合并器。以最小化接收数据和发送数据之间的误差为目标,利用卡尔曼滤波算法设计基带预编码器,从而减少用户之间的干扰。仿真结果表明,该方案相比模拟波束成形方案、数字预编码方案和迫零混合预编码方案可有效提升系统频谱效率和能量效率。     

A multi-user linear equalizer for uplink broadband millimeter wave massive MIMO

Most previous work on hybrid beamforming millimeter wave (mmWave) communications and massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems focused on narrowband channels. However, it is expected that the mmWave channels will be wideband, and for that reason, it is important to design solutions for frequency-selective channels. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the design of a hybrid analog/digital multiuser linear equalizer for broadband mmWave massive MIMO systems, optimized using the bit error rate (BER) as a metric. For the digital part, a closed-form solution is obtained by showing that the minimum mean square error (MMSE) and minimum BER solutions are identical. The analog part, which is assumed to be the same for all subcarriers, is computed iteratively over the radio frequency (RF) chains, and it is shown that the solution obtained in a previous iteration may be updated inexpensively to obtain a solution for the current iteration. The simulation results show that the performance gap between the proposed hybrid broadband multiuser equalizer and full digital equalizer decreases monotonically and exponentially with the number of RF chains until reaching zero. Moreover, the gap decay rate is faster for sparser mmWave channels, where fewer RF chains are required to achieve the same performance of the full digital architecture.     

A novel 3D frequency domain SAGE algorithm with applications to parameter estimation in mmWave massive MIMO indoor channels

In order to reduce the cost and power consumption of radio frequency (RF) chains in a millimeterwave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, hybrid analog/digital beamforming (HBF) can be utilized to reduce the number of RF chains. The HBF consists of an analog beamforming (ABF) stage and a digital beamforming (DBF) stage. The ABF is always realized by using phase shifters and the DBF is done in a low-dimensional digital domain. However, phase shifters have several drawbacks, such as high power consumption and inconsistency of insertion loss. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient HBF structure to handle these problems, which utilizes the Butler phase shifting matrix in the ABF stage. With the Butlermatrix- based ABF, several fixed beam directions can be obtained, and the best beam directions of different Butler matrices can be chosen by using exhaustive search. To reduce the high complexity of exhaustive search, we further provide a low complexity HBF algorithm. Simulations under the conditions of perfect channel state information (CSI) and estimated CSI verify the effectiveness of our proposed Butler-matrix-based HBF structure and related algorithms.

     

Massive MIMO is a reality—What is next?: Five promising research directions for antenna arrays

Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) is no longer a “wild” or “promising” concept for future cellular networks—in 2018 it became a reality. Base stations (BSs) with 64 fully digital transceiver chains were commercially deployed in several countries, the key ingredients of Massive MIMO have made it into the 5G standard, the signal processing methods required to achieve unprecedented spectral efficiency have been developed, and the limitation due to pilot contamination has been resolved. Even the development of fully digital Massive MIMO arrays for mmWave frequencies—once viewed prohibitively complicated and costly—is well underway. In a few years, Massive MIMO with fully digital transceivers will be a mainstream feature at both sub-6 GHz and mmWave frequencies.In this paper, we explain how the first chapter of the Massive MIMO research saga has come to an end, while the story has just begun. The coming wide-scale deployment of BSs with massive antenna arrays opens the door to a brand new world where spatial processing capabilities are omnipresent. In addition to mobile broadband services, the antennas can be used for other communication applications, such as low-power machine-type or ultra-reliable communications, as well as non-communication applications such as radar, sensing and positioning. We outline five new Massive MIMO related research directions: Extremely large aperture arrays, Holographic Massive MIMO, Six-dimensional positioning, Large-scale MIMO radar, and Intelligent Massive MIMO.     

Beamforming techniques for massive MIMO systems in 5G: overview,classification, and trends for future research

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems combined with beamforming antenna array technologies are expected to play a key role in next-generation wireless communication systems (5G), which will be deployed in 2020 and beyond. The main objective of this review paper is to discuss the state-of-the-art research on the most favourable types of beamforming techniques that can be deployed in massive MIMO systems and to clarify the importance of beamforming techniques in massive MIMO systems for eliminating and resolving the many technical hitches that massive MIMO system implementation faces. Classifications of optimal beamforming techniques that are used in wireless communication systems are reviewed in detail to determine which techniques are more suitable for deployment in massive MIMO systems to improve system throughput and reduce intra- and inter-cell interference. To overcome the limitations in the literature, we have suggested an optimal beamforming technique that can provide the highest performance in massive MIMO systems, satisfying the requirements of next-generation wireless communication systems.     

毫米波大规模MIMO系统中基于PAST算法的低复杂度混合预编码

在毫米波大规模MIMO系统中,一般采用混合模拟和数字预编码替代全数字预编码来减少射频链和能量消耗.然而,在计算最优无约束混合预编码时,奇异值分解(SVD)具有较高的复杂度.因此,提出了一种基于投影近似子空间跟踪(PAST)的低复杂度混合预编码算法.该算法在计算每个子速率的最优无约束混合预编码时,利用PAST算法估计需要的右奇异矩阵部分主要列向量,从而避免了高复杂度的SVD过程.仿真结果表明,不论是在全连接、混合连接还是在子连接系统结构中,该算法在频谱效率上都接近基于SVD的混合预编码,并且随着发送天线数的增加,提出的算法的复杂度和耗时远低于基于SVD的混合预编码.同时该算法的系统误码率较小,具有较好的可靠性.     

5G/B5G毫米波网络TCP传输性能分析

5G / B5G移动通信系统的高带宽、高可靠性和低延迟的通信需求需要更多新技术的支持. 毫米波由于其丰富的频谱资源和极高的带宽容量而成为5G/B5G移动通信系统的研究热点之一. 不同于以往由有线网络主导的互联网架构, 如今的移动互联网已经成为无线接入网和高速核心网的融合. 但是目前对毫米波端到端通信传输性能的研究工作还相对较少, 而且多采用仿真实验. 本文利用真实网络设备, 通过开展真实网络环境下的实验, 对毫米波链路基本传输性能和5G/B5G毫米波网络端到端通信系统中TCP传输性能进行测量分析, 研究5G/B5G毫米波网络传输过程中的链路瓶颈, 为设计毫米波端到端网络传输协议, 提高网络传输吞吐率奠定基础.     

ROD-based hybrid TH precoding and combining for mmWave large-scale MIMO systems

Hybrid precoding is one of key techniques for millimeter wave (mmWave) large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This paper considers a nonlinear hybrid precoding architecture which consists of a nonlinear unit, a reductive digital precoder and a constant modulus radio frequency (RF) precoder, and presents a novel hybrid Tomlinson-Harashima (TH) precoding and combining algorithm. Firstly, due to the intractability of the sum rates maximization problem for such a nonlinear hybrid precoding architecture, a tractable three-stage optimization problem is constructed through the lower bound of the sum rates, which allows the digital precoding matrix, the RF precoding matrix and the RF combining matrix to be optimized sequentially and independently. Then, in order to solve the three-stage optimization problem effectively, a novel row orthogonal decomposition (ROD) is defined. Based on the ROD, it is interesting that the necessary and sufficient condition of the optimal digital precoding matrix can be obtained, and a near-optimal RF precoding matrix can be derived. Finally, the optimization of the RF combining matrix is reformulated as a unimodular quadratic programming and solved by a generalized power method. Theoretical analyses and simulations indicate that the proposed ROD-based hybrid TH precoding and combining algorithm can offer a higher sum rates and a lower bit error rate with a comparable complexity in comparison to the previous works.