硼基锂盐电解质在锂离子电池中应用研究进展

电解质材料是锂离子电池的关键材料之一,它直接影响电池的性能。新型硼酸锂盐由于种类繁多且环境友好而越来越引起人们的重视。本研究详细介绍了近年来应用于锂离子电池的各种新型硼基锂盐LiBOB,LiMOB,LiBMB和LiODFB。对这些硼基锂盐的合成方法、电化学性能、稳定性、在溶剂中的溶解性、电导率进行了论述。并讨论了它们的优缺点及在锂离子电池中的应用前景。     

铝锂合金复合材料研究现状

铝锂合金复合材料是目前铝锂合金研究的热点。本文重点介绍和评述了这种材料的主要制备方法、时效特性及目前达到的力学性能。     

快速凝固铝锂合金研究进展

快速凝固铝锂合金是一种低密度、高强度、高弹性模量的引入注目的新型航空航天结构材料。本文概述了快速凝固铝锂合金的特点、基本制备工艺及力学性能，着重综述了提高锂含量，减少氧化物的危害和研制离锆的铝锂合金这三个方面的最新进展，并简要介绍了应用现状和发展前景。     

锂硫聚合物二次电池关键材料研究进展

报告了在复合型纳米硫正极材料、纳米储锂合金负极材料和用原位合成工艺掺入纳米二氧化硅的凝 胶型聚合物电解质的研制方面所取得的进展;所研制的复合型纳米硫正极材料与凝胶电解质及锂金属负极配合 制成扣式实验电池进行测试,容量已达到７００mAh桙g,发现该材料放电电压是现有锂钴氧材料放电电压的一半, 双电池串联可以与现有锂钴氧材料电池互换;采用微乳液新工艺合成的Cu－Sn纳米合金材料,以石墨与金属锡 复合的材料,以及以金属氧化物作为原料,采用乳液法制备碳微球镶嵌金属锡的球形复合材料等高容量负极材 料取得了较大的进展     

超轻镁锂合金熔炼工艺研究

镁锂合金是目前最轻的金属结构材料,因其低密度、高比强度和高比刚度等突出优点,在航空航天、武器装备、汽车等领域具有广阔的应用前景。但是要实现超轻镁锂合金的大规模应用,必须解决其熔炼困难的问题。本工作对目前的铸造镁锂合金熔炼工艺进行研究,以Mg-8Li-3Al-3Zn-1Y为研究对象,采用SF_6气体保护浇铸空冷、覆盖剂表面保护炉冷、覆盖剂全面保护炉冷、覆盖剂+Ar气保护浇铸空冷和真空感应熔炼+Ar气保护浇铸炉冷五种熔炼工艺来制备镁锂合金,对比研究五种熔炼工艺制备镁锂合金的效果及力学性能分析,总结各种熔炼工艺的优缺点。本研究对获得完整、无缺陷、组织优化和高性能的铸造镁锂合金,以及优化镁锂合金的规模化生产和制备工艺,具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

锰酸锂合成方法的研究进展

尖晶石型锰酸锂是当前锂离子正极材料的研究热点。本文详细阐述了传统工业制法以及软化学方法的制备方法、优缺点及合成材料的电化学性能。重点综述了近几年来锰酸锂新的合成方法及其优势,介绍了改善锰酸锂材料循环性能的多种方法,充分说明了锰酸锂被将广泛地用作锂离子电池正极材料的巨大应用前景。     

改进湿化学法制备锂离子正极材料

采用一种新颖的湿化学制备方法合成磷酸铁锂正极材料,有效地控制磷酸铁锂的化学成分、相成分和粒径,提高其均匀性和导电性能,改善电化学性能.添加有机溶剂以改善(减小)团聚现象,同时降低了材料成本,简化了合成工艺,使之易于工业应用.通过XRD、SEM等测试表明,合成出的磷酸铁锂正极材料结晶完整、不合有杂相、颗粒细小、分布均匀,...     

航空铝锂合金研究进展

面对航空铝合金材料受到复合材料激烈竞争以及新一代飞机对结构材料的苛刻需求,研究人员不断地研发新型高综合性能航空铝合金及其加工技术,发展大规格材料及材料/构件一体化加工原理与技术。与复合材料相比,新型铝锂合金在减重、控制风险和降低生产、加工和维修成本方面具有优势,通过发展新型铝锂合金和先进的结构设计已成为支撑新一代飞机发展的重要技术手段。简要综述了铝锂合金国内外发展历史及不同阶段典型合金成分、性能及应用情况,介绍了铝锂合金超塑性技术的发展及其在航空航天领域的应用,阐述了新型铝锂合金的成分设计发展方向及组织调控模式,分析了铝锂合金在航空航天领域的应用前景。     

爆轰法合成纳米磷酸铁锂的性能研究

由于磷酸铁锂正极材料具有特殊的空间架构以及优越的安全性能、环保性能和其他锂离子电池正极材料无法超越的循环性能,使得其在储能电池和动力电池产业中快速发展。通过配制爆炸合成专用炸药制备了纳米级磷酸铁锂颗粒粉体,分析粉体材料检测结果发现:合成的纳米磷酸铁锂粉体材料的热稳定性比较高,在高温条件下粉体样品的质量维持在一个不变的数值范围内;另外根据扫描得到的伏安曲线发现粉体材料的循环重现性较好,并且材料的脱锂性能与嵌锂性能也具有很好的可逆性。     

双乙二酸硼酸锂的合成及性能研究

用乙二酸、硼酸及氢氧化锂作原料,通过固相法合成新型硼基锂盐——双乙二酸硼酸锂(LiBOB),将粗产品放在沸腾的四氢呋喃/二乙醚混合溶剂中提纯。对产品进行X射线衍射检测,结果证明所制备的产品为LiBOB,且产量高。依据电解质体系优化设计原理,将0.5mol/L LiBOB-EC/PC/DMC作为电解质体系与正极材料LiCoO2组装成扣式电池,对电池进行充放电、循环性能及倍率性能测试,得出自制LiBOB的新型电解液体系与电极材料LiCoO2表现出较好的相容性。     

Preparation and Characterization of Lithium Niobate Single Crystals Activated with Magnesium and Boron

Inorganic Materials - A technologically feasible process has been proposed for the preparation of homogeneous single-phase magnesium–boron codoped lithium niobate growth charge. It has been...     

Combined effects of cerium and boron on the mechanical properties and oxidation behaviour of Ni3Al alloy

The combined effects of cerium and boron additions on the room-temperature tensile properties and high-temperature oxidation behaviour of Ni3Al alloys: alloy 1 doped with cerium, alloy 2 doped with boron, and alloy 3 doped with both cerium and boron. The strength, ductility and oxidation behaviour of the alloy are more effectively improved by combined cerium and boron additions than by cerium or by boron addition alone. Of the three alloys, alloy 3 exhibits comprehensively the best mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. Alloy 2 presents the better mechanical properties than alloy 1; nevertheless, alloy 1 has the better oxidation resistance than alloy 2.     

锂离子电磁纳米合金负极材料的研究进展

综述了锂离子电池纳米合金负极材料的研究进展。讨论了该类材料的电化学性能、制备工艺及发展前景。     

硼对Fe-Cr-C耐磨堆焊合金组织的影响

在Fe-Cr-C耐磨堆焊合金中,加入硼元素可以有效地提高堆焊层的硬度。本工作以高碳、高铬耐磨堆焊合金为基础,在五组不同的堆焊焊条药皮中加入不同含量的硼元素,研究了硼对Fe-Cr-C耐磨堆焊合金硬度、组织的影响。实验结果表明,在Fe-Cr-C系耐磨堆焊合金中加入硼,当在0.1%～0.9%时,堆焊层表面宏观硬度随着硼含量的增加而近似的呈线性增加。当硼含量大于1%时,继续加入硼,对宏观硬度的增加影响较小。当含硼量在0.1%～0.9%范围内,硼能显著提高Fe-Cr-C耐磨合金组织中的硬质相密度。硼对硬质相密度影响的敏感成分范围是0.1%～0.9%,当硼含量大于1%时,继续增加硼含量,硬质相含量没有明显增加。在所研究的含硼量范围内,硼对基体组织的硬度影响较小。     

Synthesis of ultrafine amorphous Fe–B alloy nanoparticles using anodic aluminum oxide templates

Ultrafine amorphous Fe–B alloy nanoparticles are self-assembled within anodic aluminum oxide templates by combining a preparation process of Fe–B nanoparticles with a template method. Scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction spectrometry, Mössbauer spectrometry, and vibrating sample magnetometry are employed to study the morphology, chemical composition, structure, and magnetic properties of the nanoparticle assemblies, respectively. The results show that the alloy particles are amorphous with a boron content of 24 at. % and can be in shape of sphere and rod by controlling the duration of preparation. There is a narrow distribution of the sizes of spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter below 35 nm in relatively short preparation time, while rods are found in longer time. The measurements of magnetic properties indicate that the nanoparticles are mostly in superparamagnetic state and the self-assembly of the nanoparticles has a weak magnetic anisotropy with an easy direction perpendicular to the template plane.     

锂离子电池锡基负极材料研究进展

综述了锂离子电池锡基负极材料的研究进展,锡基钢极材料可分为氧化物,复合氧化物,合金三类,其储锂机理都为合金机理,对氧化物的丰重于电极反应的详细过程,对复合氧化物的研究重点则是储锂机理,而锡合金则是最有希望进入商业化市场的锡基钢极材料,其中锡与锂可逆形成合金,另一不与锂反应的金属作为导电基体与框架,容纳合金以改善循环性能。     

微量硼对镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

镁合金中加入微量硼,可以细化晶粒,但硼对镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响,国内外未见报道.通过测定自腐蚀电位、极化曲线、盐雾腐蚀速率和对盐雾腐蚀试样表面形貌扫描等技术,研究了微量硼对镁合金(Mg-7Al-0.4Zn-0.2Mn)耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:微量硼的加入显著细化了镁合金的组织和晶粒,从而提高了其自腐蚀电位,降低了盐雾腐蚀速率,使耐腐蚀性能得以改善;当硼的加入量为0.15%时,镁合金的自腐蚀电位比未加时约提高25 mV,腐蚀速率比未加时降低31.7%.     

Mesoporous Metal–Metalloid Amorphous Alloys: The First Synthesis of Open 3D Mesoporous Ni‐B Amorphous Alloy Spheres via a Dual Chemical Reduction Method

Selective hydrogenation of nitriles is an industrially relevant synthetic route for the preparation of primary amines. Amorphous metal–boron alloys have a tunable, glass‐like structure that generates a high concentration of unsaturated metal surface atoms that serve as active sites in hydrogenation reactions. Here, a method to create nanoparticles composed of mesoporous 3D networks of amorphous nickel–boron (Ni‐B) alloy is reported. The hydrogenation of benzyl cyanide to β‐phenylethylamine is used as a model reaction to assess catalytic performance. The mesoporous Ni‐B alloy spheres have a turnover frequency value of 11.6 h^?1, which outperforms non‐porous Ni‐B spheres with the same composition. The bottom‐up synthesis of mesoporous transition metal–metalloid alloys expands the possible reactions that these metal architectures can perform while simultaneously incorporating more Earth‐abundant catalysts.     

Effect of boron on microstructure and mechanical properties of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with phosphorus

In order to understand the effect of boron on the microstructure and mechanical properties of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with phosphorus, complex modification of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy by aluminum‐3phosphorus and aluminum‐3boron was conducted. The results show that the area fraction of primary α‐aluminum in eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with aluminum‐3phosphorus increased first and then decreased with increasing amounts of aluminum‐3boron. The area fraction and the size of primary silicon decreased rapidly first and then stabilized. The morphology of eutectic silicon transformed from needle‐like into fine short rods or granules after complex modification with aluminum‐3phosphorus and aluminum‐3boron. The ultimate tensile strength of the alloy modified with 0.4 wt.% aluminum‐3phosphorus and 0.2 wt.% aluminum‐3boron increased by 18 %, compared with that of the eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with aluminum‐3phosphorus, while the elongation decreased by 5 %. It was concluded that the comprehensive mechanical properties of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy were improved.     

Selective determination of lithium and boron in minerals by means of an SSNTD-technique

A method has been worked out to identify lithium and boron in mineral samples by means of a solid state nuclear track detector technique. The samples have been irradiated with thermal neutrons which react with ¹⁰B and ⁶Li and give α-particles of different energies. The ranges of these α-particles in air are measured with the SSNTD-technique and found to be sufficiently different to make identification possible. A number of tests are made and the possibility for determining the distribution and the abundance of lithium and boron in a specific mineral in a rock sample is discussed.