透明Pt对电极的制备及其在DSSC中的应用

采用简单的电化学沉积法在FTO导电玻璃表面制备了透明的Pt电极,用紫外可见分光光度计和电化学循环伏安法分析了透明Pt对电极的透光性及电催化活性,结果表明,此种方法制备的透明Pt对电极的透光率达到了80%,且具有良好的电催化性能,组装DSSC的效率达到了3.54%。     

丝网印刷法制备染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的研究

采用水热法制备TiO2纳米颗粒,将获得的TiO2纳米颗粒制备成胶体,采用丝网印刷法在FTO表面刷涂制备染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）光阳极,通过扫描电子显微镜对电极表征和电池光电性能测试,探讨印刷层数及入射光强对DSSC光电性能的影响,实验结果表明,将制备的光阳极组装成电池后具有较好的光电性能,当印刷层数为8层、光强为80W／m2时,电池取得最好的光电性能。     

染料敏化太阳能电池用CuO-NRs/GNs复合对电极的研究

采用均匀沉淀法制得的氧化铜纳米棒(CuO-NRs)与石墨烯(GNs)浆料复合,利用电流体动力学技术(EHD技术)在FTO导电玻璃基片上制备CuO-NRs/GNs复合对电极。通过XRD物相分析,和SEM、TEM结构表征,表明CuO-NRs/GNs复合薄膜具有多孔的网络结构,通过一系列电化学性能测试,证明CuO-NRs/GNs复合对电极具有较高的电催化活性,和较快的电子传输速率,由CuO-NRs/GNs复合对电极组装的DSSC光电转换效率(2.57%)达到了与Pt对电极(3.46%)相当的水平。     

PEDOT基对电极染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)是新型太阳能电池的研究热点之一,其优异的弱光发电性能被不断探索,同时透明及柔性DSSC在可穿戴设备上的应用也与日俱增。DSSC的循环依靠对电极的作用才能及时高效地完成,因此对电极材料的选择尤为关键。近几年研究者们对对电极材料的研究不断深入,其中可作为DSSC对电极材料使用的高分子导电聚合物聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)因其高导电性、对电解质的催化能力、透明性和柔性等特点受到广泛关注。以含PEDOT或掺杂PEDOT对电极的DSSC为对象,阐述了PEDOT对电极的制备方法,并总结了近几年PEDOT作为DSSC对电极的研究进展。在此基础上,提出未来在电池效率突破研究中应以原位聚合法制备PEDOT对电极为主,以及在大规模工业化生产中应以物理涂覆法为主的观点,为PEDOT对电极DSSC的研究提供依据。     

一步法热分解制备染料敏化太阳能电池Pt对电极

用旋涂热分解前驱H2PtCl6·6H2O溶液制备Pt/FTO对电极,研究了旋涂退火次数对Pt/FTO对电极的载铂量、透光率和组装的染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响。结果表明,用5次旋涂退火的对电极组装的电池具有最佳的能量转换效率(6.78%),高于用传统的磁控溅射对电极组装的电池。基于在最佳光电性能情况下对电极的旋涂次数和载Pt量,进一步优化H2PtCl6?6H2O前驱液的浓度和使用体积。采用一步滴涂退火处理,得到了具有高透光性、低载Pt量和高的组装电池效率的Pt/FTO对电极。用此一步法制备的Pt/FTO对电极,组装成的电池能量转换效率达到6.92%。     

用于染料敏化太阳能电池的多壁碳纳米管基对电极的制备与表征(英文)

经酸化处理的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)与纳米石墨复合后沉积在FTO导电玻璃基底上制备出染料敏华太阳能电池薄膜对电极。利用SEM、TEM、EDS与IR光谱对其进行表征。以Mg O掺杂的Ti O2薄膜为光阳极对电池通过循环伏安法(CV曲线)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和伏安特性曲线(J-V)进行光电性能分析。结果表明:酸化处理的MWCNTs与纳米石墨复合对电极展现出优异的光催化性能,有利于电池光电性能的提高。电池开路电压及短路电流密度分别可达0.53 V、4.67 m A/cm2,其光电转换效率达到4.10%,与铂对电极的性能相当。     

阻挡层薄膜对染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同浓度的TiO2溶胶,通过旋转涂覆法在光阳极导电玻璃基底上制备了阻挡层薄膜,以此来阻止导电玻璃基底上光生电子与电解液中I-3的复合,提高了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC,dye-sensitized solar cells)的光电转换效率.研究了不同TiO2溶胶浓度及阻挡层厚度对DSSC光电性能的影响.结果表明,由于阻挡层的引入有效地提高了DSSC的光电性能,最高光电转换效率达到了5.30%,比无阻挡层的DSSC的光电转换效率提高了大约27%.     

黑枸杞与石墨烯纳米片在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

从高原黑枸杞中提取染料, 利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和循环伏安方法研究不同pH染料的光电化学性能, 确定染料最佳pH。以石墨烯为原料制备不同含量乙基纤维素(EC)的石墨烯纳米片(GNs)对电极, 用电化学阻抗、循环伏安、塔菲尔极化曲线研究不同EC含量对GNs对电极电催化性能的影响。以最佳pH染料为光敏剂, 不同含量EC的GNs为对电极组装染料敏化太阳能电池在模拟太阳光下测试光电转换效率。结果表明, EC含量为10wt%时, GNs对电极有良好的电催化性。光电测试EC含量为10wt%的GNs对电极光电转换效率为0.92%, 接近Pt对电极(0.99%)。     

染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)由于价格低廉、制备工艺简单、理论光电转化效率高等优点,成为极具研发潜力的太阳能电池之一。介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的结构和工作原理,综述了各组成部分染料敏化剂、光阳极、电解质和对电极的研究进展,分析探讨了改进和提高DSSC性能的方法和途径,并展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

利用电沉积-溶剂热-硒化技术提高基于二硒化镍对电极的染料敏化太阳能电池的填充因子

为了促进绿色可再生能源的开发利用,提高低成本染料敏化太阳能电池(DSCs)的光伏性能显得十分重要。对电极作为DSCs的重要组成部分,直接影响其光伏性能。针对硒化镍对电极的电催化性能及其光伏性能有待提高等关键问题,学者们已采用多种合成技术调控硒化镍的形貌与物相,从而提高硒化镍对电极的电催化性能。研究表明,二硒化镍(NiSe_2)纳米材料由于具有较多的边缘活性位点而展现出较好的导电性与催化性能。然而,与基于铂电极的电池器件相比,基于NiSe_2对电极的DSCs表现出相对较小的填充因子。本工作利用电沉积-溶剂热-硒化技术设计构建出一种新型NiSe_2对电极。其中以氟掺杂二氧化锡(FTO)导电玻璃为基底,采用恒电势电化学沉积技术制备了Co(OH)2薄膜,并以其为生长点通过溶剂热法合成镍基金属有机框架(Ni-MOF)结构,进一步以硒粉为硒源在氩气环境下进行硒化处理制备NiSe_2纳米材料。SEM、TEM、XRD与XPS测试结果表明:所制备的样品是由纯相NiSe_2物相构成; NiSe_2纳米材料呈现出颗粒状形貌,且平均粒径约为500 nm; NiSe_2纳米材料均匀生长在FTO导电玻璃表面上,可直接作为DSCs的对电极。循环伏安(CV)曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)及塔菲尔(Tafel)极化曲线分析表明,NiSe_2对电极展现出较窄的峰-峰间距,较小的串联电阻、电荷传输电阻、能斯特扩散阻抗以及较大的还原峰电流密度和交换电流密度,预示着NiSe_2对电极具有良好的电催化性能。这是由于结晶度较高的纯相NiSe_2纳米材料具有丰富的边缘活性位点;电沉积-溶剂热-硒化技术有效改善了NiSe_2纳米材料在FTO导电玻璃上的附着强度,有利于电子的有效转移。此外,光电流密度-电压(J-V)曲线表明由NiSe_2对电极组装的DSCs呈现出优异的光伏性能,其能量转换效率(PCE)高达7. 63%,高于铂电极组装的DSCs(7. 21%),其填充因子从0. 65增大到0. 70,可能是由于NiSe_2对电极总电阻较小。本工作设计的新型NiSe_2对电极不仅具有优异的电催化性能,还成功改善了基于NiSe_2对电极的DSCs的填充因子,并有效提高了DSCs的光伏性能。     

Economically synthesized NiCo2S4/TiO2 with high reflectance ability as the counter electrode to replace Pt for dye-sensitized solar cells

The counter electrode (CE) is regarded as one of key components affecting the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). It is still a challenge to develop an economical Pt-free CE with superior catalytic activity and high reflectance ability in DSSCs. Herein, the mirror-like NiCo₂S₄/TiO₂ CE with high reflectance ability is prepared on the TiO₂ coated FTO glass by a one-step hydrothermal method. Due to high electrocatalytic activity and excellent light reflectivity, the mirror-like NiCo₂S₄/TiO₂ CE based DSSC displays high photoelectric conversion efficiency of 8.29%, superior to Pt CE (7.45%). This kind of the mirror-like NiCo₂S₄/TiO₂ CE stands out from the commercial Pt CE due to its above merits.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of Bi2Se3 /reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite as efficient catalytic counter electrodefordye-sensitized solar cell

Bi₂Se₃/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was successfully synthesized by a facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and applied as a counter electrode for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. By this means, the size and distribution of the formed Bi₂Se₃ nanoparticles onto a flexible graphene sheet were effectively controlled, which is crucial for achieving high electrocatalytic activity on I₃^? reduction. Mainly due to the homogeneous single-layer immobilization of Bi₂Se₃ nanoparticles on a graphene sheet with high density, BiG2 exhibited the highest catalytic activity and the lowest electrolyte diffusion resistance. Adye-sensitized solar cell with BiG2 as a counter electrode can yield 7.09% photoelectric conversion efficiency, which is comparable to that of the cell with a Pt-film counter electrode (6.23), exhibiting the application potential of BiG2 as a low cost non-Pt CE materials for DSSC.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of cobalt oxalate nanorods and their thermal conversion to Co3O4 rods

Cobalt oxalate nanorods have been successfully synthesized by a simple microwave-assisted solution approach using an ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Upon thermal decomposition at 400 °C, cobalt oxalate nanorods could be converted to Co₃O₄ rods consisting of nanoparticles. The products were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis.     

The effect of SWCNT with the functional group deposited on the counter electrode on the dye-sensitized solar cell

This study investigated the applicability of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with the functional group deposited on the FTO-glass (Fluorine doped tin oxide, SnO₂:F) substrate of the counter electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). A nanocrystalline TiO₂ layer was fabricated on the FTO-glass substrate of the working electrode, and then sintered in a high-temperature furnace. The working electrode with a TiO₂ thin film was immersed in the solution of N-719 (Ruthenium) dye for 12 h. Moreover, the counter electrode with a layer of Ag (or without a layer of Ag) and a layer of SWCNT, which were (or was) fabricated in that order on the FTO-glass substrate, was subsequently prepared. Finally, the DSSC was assembled, the power conversion efficiency of the DSSC was measured using an I–V measurement system, and the incident photo conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the DSSC was obtained using the phase-locked loop optical chopper. This study also examined the effects of a layer of Ag deposited on the FTO-glass substrate, the type of organic solvent (such as DMAC and acetylacetone), and the sintering temperature on the performance of the DSSC. This film of SWCNT/Ag markedly increased the IPCE from 3.9% (conventional DSSC with a thin film of platinum on the FTO-glass substrate of the counter electrode) to 15.3% (DSSC with SWCNT/Ag/acetylacetone), as the wavelength of the light was 380 nm. Furthermore, as the wavelength of the light is 550 nm, the IPCE of the DSSC with SWCNT/Ag/acetylacetone (6.8%) becomes nearly equal to that of conventional DSSC (7.2%). Most interestingly, this study shows that the power conversion efficiency of the DSSC with SWCNT/Ag/acetylacetone (1.3037%) is not inferior to that of DSSC with a thin film of platinum on the counter electrode (1.25%).     

ZnO/TiO2纳米管晶膜电极的制备及光电性能

采用水热法制备了ZnO纳米棒,以ZnO纳米棒为原料制备出ZnO/TiO2纳米管晶膜电极并应用于染料敏化太阳能电池.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)和N2吸脱附分析等研究了样品的结构、表面形貌和化学组成,并通过紫外可见光度计和电化学工作站探讨了煅烧温度在80~600℃范围内ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极的光电化学性能.此外,研究经TiCl4化学处理的ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极光电性能的改善情况.结果表明,600℃煅烧的ZnO/TiO2纳米管电极制备的染料敏化太阳能电池表现出较优的光电性能,其短路电流密度(Jsc)为2.28 mA/cm2,开路电压(Voc)为0.631 V,光电转换效率η为0.66%.600℃煅烧的ZnO/TiO2纳米管经TiCl4处理后的染料敏化太阳能电池的光电性能得到显著改善,其光电转换效率η提高到1.06%.     

Low-cost quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells based on a metal-free organic dye and a carbon aerogel counter electrode

Low-cost quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are designed and fabricated by using a metal-free organic dye and a mesoporous carbon aerogel instead of expensive ruthenium-based sensitizers and Pt electrode. The electrospun TiO₂ nanorods are added into a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solution to form a 3D network nanocomposite gel electrolyte. The presence of TiO₂ nanorods in the gel electrolyte obviously increases the ionic conductivity and decreases charge-transfer resistance of the DSSC. The effects of the gel electrolyte and the carbon aerogel counter electrode on electrochemical and photovoltaic properties have been investigated in detail. Particularly, an optimized DSSC with a nanocomposite gel electrolyte and a carbon aerogel counter electrode affords a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.20% at a light intensity of 100 mW cm⁻².     

Enhanced electron lifetime on nitrogen-doped TiO2 films for dye-sensitized solar cells

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 crystallites were prepared via the hydrolysis of TiCl4 using an ammonia medium in an aqueous solution for DSSC photoelectrodes. The optimized photoelectrode for the DSSC was prepared with 9.4 nm sized N-doped TiO2 crystal (BET; 200 m2/g), which provides a relatively high short circuit current and energy conversion efficiency in the DSSC. The photovoltaic performance of the N-doped TiO2 electrode was confirmed using incident photon-to-current efficient spectra, impedance analyses, and Bode-phase plots which proved that the N-doped TiO2 electrode has a significantly enhanced electron lifetime compared with that of the P25 electrode.     

One‐Step Hydrothermal Tailoring of NiCo2S4 Nanostructures on Conducting Oxide Substrates as an Efficient Counter Electrode in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

A one‐step in situ tailoring of NiCo₂S₄ nanostructures is demonstrated on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) as Pt‐free counter electrodes (CEs) for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with performance surpassing that of a conventional Pt‐sputtered CE. An interconnected NiCo₂S₄ nanosheet network is successfully constructed on the FTO glass via a hydrothermal method, attributed to the synergistic effect of structure‐directing hexamethylenetetramine and L‐cysteine. A growth mechanism is proposed, and the effects of nanostructures and sulfur atomic percentages on the electrocatalytic performance are discussed in depth. A DSSC with the optimized interconnected NiCo₂S₄ nanosheet CE exhibits higher power conversion efficiency (7.22%) compared to that with a conventional Pt‐sputtered CE (6.87%) due to excellent charge transport properties and enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the NiCo₂S₄ nanostructures. This work showcases the strong potential of nanostructured ternary chalcogenides, which are composed of earth‐abundant elements and prepared through a single‐step hydrothermal process without tedious posttreatments, to reduce the dependence of platinum in DSSCs and other electrochemical devices.     

HFCVD grown graphene like carbon–nickel nanocomposite thin film as effective counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells

The two step processes of hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) and DC sputtering were used to grow graphene like carbon (GLC)–nickel (Ni) nanocomposite thin film on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass and applied as counter electrode (CE) for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The morphological and absorption properties revealed uniform GLC–Ni thin film with reasonable transmittance. The GLC–Ni thin film showed enhanced electrical conductivity as compared to FTO. The good electrocatalytic activity towards iodide ions in redox electrolyte was showed by the prepared GLC–Ni/FTO thin film electrode. The fabricated DSSC with GLC–Ni/FTO counter electrode (CE) presented relatively moderate solar-to-electrical conversion efficiency of ∼3.1% with high short-circuit current density (J_SC) of ∼10.03 mA/cm², open circuit voltage (V_OC) of ∼0.663 V with fill factor (FF) of ∼0.45, which might attribute to enhanced electrical conductivity and the electrocatalytic activity of GLC–Ni/FTO CE.     

Preparation of TiO2/NiO composite particles and their applications in dye-sensitized solar cells

This study investigates the applicability of n-type TiO₂ and p-type NiO on the FTO-glass (Fluorine doped tin oxide, SnO₂:F) substrate of the working electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The working electrode was designed and fabricated by depositing a film of TiO₂/NiO composite particles, which were prepared by mixing the Ni powder with TiO₂ particles using dry mixing method, on a FTO-glass substrate using a spin coating process. The working electrode was then immersed in the solution of N-719 (Ruthenium) dye at a temperature of 70 °C for 6 h. Moreover, a thin film of platinum (Pt) was deposited on the FTO-glass substrate of the counter electrode using an E-beam evaporator. Finally, the DSSC was assembled, and the short-circuit photocurrent, the open-circuit photovoltage and the power conversion efficiency of DSSC were measured using an I–V measurement system. This study also examined the effects of the mass ratio of TiO₂ to Ni and the number of coating of TiO₂ particles (or TiO₂/NiO composite particles) colloid on the power conversion efficiency of the DSSC. Most importantly, this study shows that the power conversion efficiency of the DSSC with TiO₂/NiO composite particles (3.80%) substantially exceeds that of the conventional DSSC (3.27%) due to the effects of the NiO barrier and the n–p junction.