Cu-Cr合金触头材料的研究进展

综述了Cu-Cr合金触头材料的研究现状及最近进展,主要包括:Cu-Cr合金二元相图的特点以及常规制备工艺上的困难;Cu-Cr合金的主要制备工艺包括传统的粉末烧结法、熔渗法、电弧熔炼法,以及新近发展起来的快速凝固法、激光表面合金化法、机械合金化法和自蔓延熔铸法等.详细论述了不同的强化方式对Cu-Cr合金性能、残余气体、铬含量、第三组元以及热处理工艺的影响.简要讨论了Cu-Cr合金的发展动向.     

机械合金化制备FeSiAl合金粉末的研究

采用机械合金化的方法制备了FeSiAl合金粉末样品。以硅钢粉和铝粉为原料,按摩尔分数Fe3Si0.4Al0.6配比,研究其机械合金化过程,并对机械合金化的机制进行探讨。用激光粒度仪、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜分析材料的粒度、形貌和结构。研究表明,Fe3Si0.4Al0.6混合粉末球磨30h后,粉末粒径可达18μm;Fe3Si0.4Al0.6混合粉末经高能球磨20h后,形成具有bcc结构的α固溶体;球磨继续进行,合金化的粉末和晶粒不断细化。     

Cu-Cr合金制备技术的研究进展

综述了Cu-Cr合金制备技术的研究现状和最新进展.主要内容包括:Cu-Cr合金的特点;Cu-Cr合金制备工艺的优缺点及研究现状,如熔渗法、混粉烧结法、机械合金化法、真空电弧熔炼法、真空感应熔炼法、定向凝固法、电渣坩埚熔炼法、激光表面合金化法、自蔓延熔铸法和快速凝固法等;最新发展起来的电磁悬浮熔炼法和悬淬法等制备Cu-Cr合金的特点.在综述的基础上,简要讨论了Cu-Cr合金未来的发展动向.     

球磨时间对镍基ODS合金拉伸性能的影响

研究了球磨时间对Y2O3氧化物弥散强化(ODS)镍基高温合金机械合金化和拉伸性能的影响.镍基高温合金采用机械合金化和热压烧结方法制备.镍基ODS高温合金粉末是在行星式球磨机上进行球磨.采用扫描电镜及X射线衍射分析了球磨时间对镍基ODS合金粉末形貌和物相的影响.研究结果表明,Y2O3氧化物弥散强化镍基高温合金机械合金化粉末尺寸随研磨时间的增加先增大后减小,8h粉末颗粒尺寸达到最大,之后粉末颗粒尺寸逐渐减小,28h后,镍基ODS合金粉末尺寸稳定且均匀.拉伸结果表明,采用研磨28h的合金粉末制备的镍基ODS合金具有最高的抗拉强度(1300MPa).     

初始原料和球磨气氛对ODS铁素体钢机械合金化的影响

分别采用纯金属粉和氮气雾化预合金粉作为机械合金化的初始原料,对它在球磨过程中的合金化效果、粉末形貌、粒度分布和过量氧含量的影响进行对比.结果表明:当使用雾化合金粉作为初始原料,球磨后合金元素的分布比采用纯金属粉为原料更加均匀.使用高纯氩气作为保护气氛比真空球磨更能有效减少合金粉末中的过量氧含量.     

冷喷涂制备cBN-NiCrAl金属陶瓷涂层EI北大核心

采用机械合金化制备40vol%cBN-NiCrAl金属陶瓷复合结构粉末,采用冷喷涂制备了40%cBN-NiCrAl(体积分数)金属陶瓷复合结构涂层。研究了机械合金化过程对粉末的相组成、晶粒尺寸以及显微组织的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分别表征不同球磨时间下粉末以及冷喷涂涂层的显微组织和相结构。采用Scherrer公式估算不同球磨时间下粉末以及冷喷涂涂层中合金基体相的晶粒尺寸。结果表明,40vol%cBN-NiCrAl金属陶瓷粉末球磨40h后,基体的平均晶粒尺寸达到~50nm;复合结构涂层组织致密,硬质颗粒在合金基体中分布均匀。喷涂过程中,粉末相结构未发生变化,晶粒尺寸也未发生明显的长大。测试表明涂层的显微硬度约为1170HV0.3。     

机械合金化法制备Cr掺杂Fe-Si合金

采用高能行星式球磨机制备了Cr掺杂Fe-Si混合粉,用X射线衍射（XRD）测试研究Cr掺杂Fe-Si合金的机械合金化过程,实验结果表明,随着球磨强度的增加,Fe、Cr、Si粉末通过原子扩散实现机械合金化,最佳的球磨工艺参数为：球磨时间35h、球磨机转速360r/min、球料比40：1。     

机械合金化工艺对Fe_(33)Si_(67)合金微观组织结构的影响

以Fe33Si67(原子分数)为研究对象,采用机械合金化方法制备β-FeSi2热电材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了球磨机转速、球料比及球磨时间等工艺参数对生成物物相和显微形貌的影响,着重研究了机械合金化引起的Fe-Si合金相变过程。研究表明,随球磨时间的延长,合金粉末依次析出ε-FeSi、α-FeSi2和β-FeSi2相,随后β-FeSi2、α-FeSi2相消失,合金粉末转化为单一相ε-FeSi;在球磨机转速为450r/min、球料比为10∶1、球磨时间为35～50h时,所得合金粉末中β-FeSi2相的质量分数约为50%。     

机械合金化过程理论模型研究进展

对机械合金化过程理论模型主要模拟方法与结合作了评述。机械合金化过程理论模型大致可分为四类，运动学模型，碰撞模型，能量传输模型与球磨图，温升效应模型，这些模型可在一定范围内预测工艺参数和粉末材料参数对机械合金化过程和结果的影响，有利于机械合金化工艺的优化。     

高能球磨法制备Ag-Cr触头合金

采用机械合金化方法制备Ag-Cr合金,研究不同球磨时间对粉末晶体结构、晶粒尺寸、微观应变和表面形貌的影响,不同转速、相同球磨时间对粉末结构的影响以及合金密度、硬度随烧结温度的变化。结果表明:当机械球磨给予合金粉末足够的能量,就能够让铬固溶在银中形成过饱和固溶体;随着高能球磨时间的延长,晶粒逐渐细化、微观应变量逐渐变大,球磨65h时,平均晶粒尺寸为18.40nm,微观应变量为0.14%。烧结温度为850℃时,合金维氏硬度值约达99,密度达9.35g/cm3。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.