车辆轨迹数据的若干处理方法研究

从智能车路协同系统的概念出发,介绍了车路协同系统下的数据采集标准及轨迹数据特点,研究了轨迹数据处理的若干方法,包括车辆轨迹重构、交通参数提取、轨迹聚类等。     

基于ITS技术的汽车驾驶安全辅助系统

基于ITS技术的汽车驾驶安全辅助系统是提高道路交通安全的有效手段,本文介绍了清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室在此领域的研究与开发工作。在研究行驶环境感知和信息融合、驾驶员特性和安全距离模型、车辆运动控制及系统集成等关键技术的基础上,研制了汽车驾驶安全辅助系统试验平台和试验样车,实现了行车前撞预警、安全车距保持、智能车道保持等功能,并完成了相关试验分析与评价,为进一步开展基于ITS的汽车主动安全辅助技术的研究以及汽车驾驶辅助系统的产业化奠定了基础。     

Solutions for urban traffic issues by ITS technologies

In recent years, traffic congestion, traffic accidents, and deterioration of the environment because of growing population, increasing urbanization, and increasing car ownership have become serious problems in the Asia-Pacific regions. Intelligent transport systems (ITS) are systems that try to solve various road traffic issues using information communication technologies. Several countries are endeavoring to solve such traffic issues by deploying an ITS and achieving positive results. However, there are some problems in advancing ITS deployment in these countries, such as lack of technical know-how, a lack of coordination among systems, lack of a master plan, and financial constraints. In order to introduce ITSs, it is important to select suitable technologies and applications appropriate for each country. An appropriate plan and evaluation of the ITS project are also important for the introduction of ITS.In this paper, we propose methods for the utilization and introduction of ITS technologies to solve urban traffic issues in various countries, based on the lessons learned from the deployment of an ITS in Japan.     

A perspective on ITS deployment

The intelligent transport systems (ITS) deployment begins with implementation of traffic control signals and traffic management on a road network. The next stage is the provision of traffic information to drivers. The third stage is the decision and operation assistance to drivers for safe driving. It will take time to reach the final stage of a fully automated driving because of the difficulties of getting social acceptance. Another final figure of ITS is that all transportation modes are integrated and provide continuous transportation service to users from door to door. Mobile information terminals such as cellular phones and motor vehicles will function as well as ordinary offices and homes. Then the ITS as an information system will be integrated into a general social information system.     

基于需求分析的ITS信息集成策略研究

对集中式和分布式两种智能交通系统信息集成模式的分析,提出了一种面向需求的信息集成模式.这种模式下,需要对智能交通系统现有资源和信息集成需求进行分析,以便制定合理的智能交通信息集成策略.选择信息集成矩阵分析方法来制定智能交通系统信息集成策略, 并结合实例给出了具体的实现步骤.这种方法充分考虑了系统与数据之间的映射关系,完全能够满足智能交通系统信息集成策略制定的要求.     

Evaluating accessibility to Bangkok Metro Systems using multi-dimensional criteria across user groups

Metro systems act as fast and efficient transport systems for many modern metropolises; however, enhancing higher usage of such systems often conflicts with providing suitable accessibility options. The traditional approach of metro accessibility studies seems to be an ineffective measure to gage sustainable access in which the equal rights of all users are taken into account. Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) transportation has increasingly relied on the role of two mass rapid transport systems publicly called “BTS Skytrain” and “MRT Subway”, due to limited availability of land and massive road congestion; however, access to such transit arguably treats some vulnerable groups, especially women, the elderly and disabled people unfairly. This study constructs a multi-dimensional assessment of accessibility considerations to scrutinize how user groups access metro services based on BMR empirical case. 600 individual passengers at various stations were asked to rate the questionnaire that simultaneously considers accessibility aspects of spatial, feeder connectivity, temporal, comfort/safety, psychosocial and other dimensions. It was interestingly found by user disaggregated accessibility model that the lower the accessibility perceptions—related uncomfortable and unsafe environment conditions, the greater the equitable access to services, as illustrated by MRT — Hua Lumphong and MRT — Petchaburi stations. The study suggests that, to balance the access priorities of groups on services, policy actions should emphasize acceptably safe access for individuals, cost efficient feeder services connecting the metro lines, socioeconomic influences and time allocation. Insightful discussions on integrated approach balancing different dimensions of accessibility and recommendations would contribute to accessibility-based knowledge and potential propensity to use the public transits towards transport sustainability.     

浅谈智能交通中的电子地图

就智能交通系统中电子地图的作用，特点，信息获取方法，制作过程等方面作了介绍，并指出在信息获取的制作过程中应该注意的问题以及所使用的一些技术。     

Commuting travel behavior focusing on the role of shared transportation in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Tokyo Olympics

To maintain life in the face of the COVID-19, people's lifestyles and travel behaviors must change. Accordingly, such changes have also occurred in the travel behavior for commuting purposes, especially during periods of severe congestion. The most typical example is the decrease in commuting travel due to telecommunication and other factors. Additionally, with the development of the sharing economy in recent years, the introduction of shared transportation has been rapidly expanding in the transportation sector, which may contribute to alleviating traffic congestion and other problems in the COVID-19 situation. In this study, we focused on the changes in travel behavior for commuting purposes during the COVID-19 period, including the time of the Tokyo Olympics, when traffic congestion was expected. The survey was conducted using a web-based questionnaire. In addition, to further promote changes in the travel behavior during the COVID-19 period, we analyzed the possibility of changes in the use of shared transportation arising from nudge effects of information provision and incentives. The results showed that the changes in commuting travel behavior were related to the awareness of COVID-19. Certain issues, such as a lack of ports and the widespread use of shared transportation need to be identified and resolved. Meanwhile, it was shown that the role of shared transportation for commuting purposes could be further improved by incentives and real-time information presentation about shared transportation.     

浅析交通共用信息平台的发展对智能交通标准化进程的促进作用

随着智能交通发展的深入,以及人们对于交通信息需求的提高,解决交通信息集成、共享问题已成为当务之急。然而,智能交通标准化的相对滞后,成为信息集成、共享的重要壁垒。要想解决这种现状,必须探求发展与标准化之间相互促进,良性循环的办法。建设交通共用信息平台是解决信息集成与共享问题的重要途径之一。交通共用信息平台的建设和发展对于智能交通体系框架、通信协议、数据格式等方面的标准化提出了很高的要求,反过来也将对智能交通标准化进程起到积极的促进作用。     

ITS数据采集处理技术分析与系统框架流程设计

阐述实时动态交通信息采集与处理子系统的基本功能与特殊性,然后对国外智能交通运输管理系统中信息采集与处理的实用技术及关键技术参数进行了分析比较。在此基础上,对交通采集与处理流程中3个主要组成部分:交通信息采集、交通数据质量控制、交通数据集成和存储,分别进行系统框架流程设计,最后分析了ITS数据实时采集与处理的发展趋势,并对中国ITS数据的实时采集与处理给出若干可行建议。     

联网高速公路交通信息服务系统建设

从我国联网高速公路交通信息服务匮乏的现状出发,探讨我国交通信息服务不完善的原因。根据ITS系统框架,提出适用于我国联网高速公路的交通信息服务系统框架,论述交通信息服务系统的组成部分和实现条件,提出交通信息服务系统分阶段建设目标及展望。     

Technical standardization of ITS and Asian initiatives for intelligent mobility

User-centric intelligent mobility businesses emerge and prosper in Asian metropolitan areas by utilizing the progress if information and communication technology (ICT). Under the rise of private lead initiatives on intelligent transport systems (ITS), the roles of public sectors are still large. Public sectors should precisely identify the extensive ITS services by considering the regional conditions and deploy them by collaboration between the public and private. Public sectors also are strongly encouraged to identify the benefits acquired by development and compliance of the international technical standards. Furthermore, in order to maximize the potential capacity of ICT, improvements of social infrastructures are required by the public sectors together with private businesses. With the realization of the collaboration works, Asian regions are well deserved to take the lead in future ITS initiatives.     

ITS交通数据管理的方法设计及技术实现

如何将现有的各种交通空间数据源,通过交通信息化中成熟的标准化数据交换格式的方法与技术,做到将多源、多格式的交通信息支持ITS的运行,已经成为摆在我国ITS建设面前迫在眉睫的问题。为此,在分析我国ITS交通数据的特点及其对数据库管理系统的要求的基础上,同时结合国内外的技术现状,探讨并提出了基于GDF4.0规范的交通数据管理模式。在方法设计中,对近来欧洲ITS中通用的导航规范GDF进行了研究、修改与设计,以适应我国的ITS信息平台的数据建设要求。同时,进行了部分的验证,表明了其技术的可行性。     

基于HLA的智能交通信息试验平台研究

从智能交通信息平台的概念出发,研究利用已有的智能交通系统资源建立智能交通信息试验平台。首先对比分析了已有的平台体系结构开发方法,即面向过程的开发方法和面向对象的开发方法,两者都已不能适应复杂大系统的开发需求。通过引入计算机建模与仿真领域的HLA（高层体系结构）技术,创造性地提出了基于HLA的体系结构开发方法,结合信息试验平台需求分析,设计了智能交通信息试验平台的逻辑结构。平台分4层来组织,分别是基础数据层、数据库层、应用服务层和用户主体层,在若干接口程序的衔接下,各类联邦成员协同作用以实现信息平台的功能。结合现有的技术设备条件,实现了信息平台的物理连接。平台搭建后运营正常,已接入信息平台的ITS系统包括车载导航系统和城市商用车辆调度系统,并为其他子系统的接入预留了接口。     

On-road assessment of in-vehicle driving workload for older drivers: Design guidelines for intelligent vehicles

There has been recent interest in intelligent vehicle technologies, such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) or in-vehicle information systems (IVISs), that offer a significant enhancement of safety and convenience to drivers and passengers. However, the use of ADAS- and IVIS-based information devices may increase driver distraction and workload, which in turn can increase the chance of traffic accidents. The number of traffic accidents involving older drivers that are due to distraction, misjudgment, and delayed detection of danger, all of which are related to the drivers’ declining physical and cognitive capabilities, has increased. Because the death rate in traffic accidents is higher when older drivers are involved, finding ways to reduce the distraction and workload of older drivers is important. This paper generalizes driver information device operations and assesses the workload while driving by means of experiments involving 40 drivers in real cars under actual road conditions. Five driving tasks (manual only, manual primarily, visual only, visual primarily, and visual-manual) and three age groups (younger (20–29 years of age), middle-aged (40–49 years of age), and older (60–69 years of age)) were considered in investigating the effect of age-related workload difference. Data were collected from 40 drivers who drove in a real car under actual road conditions. The experimental results showed that age influences driver workload while performing in-vehicle tasks.     

高精度车辆动态导航技术现状和展望

车辆定位与导航系统是ITS中的重要组成部分。汽车导航系统主要是信息技术、数据通信技术和自动控制技术等通用电子技术向汽车电子领域的移植。如何在现有的基本硬件配置下进一步提高车辆定位精度，实现精确实时的导航服务是需要迫切解决的问题。从实现车辆动态导航的各关键环节出发，介绍了提高精度和实时性的最新有效方法，为更好地实现车辆定位与导航系统在ITS中的作用提供了新的思路。     

车载资通信服务发展议题分析与因应

继计算机、通信及消费性电子3C产品之后,第4C车用电子之车载机（on-board unit,OBU）资通信整合应用服务是政府与国内外产业界均十分关注的发展领域,同时也是智能型运输系统（in-telligent transportation system,ITS）、Telematics与信息通信界共同瞩目的焦点。因此,希望能够掌握无线通信、车载机、无线上网、交通资通平台与交通实时信息加值之发展趋势,并分析提供用路人实时交通信息、以及建立产业加值链之相关议题,以促使ITS相关产业及服务之永续发展。     

智能交通系统及其车辆自动控制技术

本文简要介绍了智能交通系统的概念、发展状况、基本内容和研究开发过程，进一步阐述了智能交通系统中的先进车辆控制技术。综述了汽车纵向控制、横向控制、自动驾驶及车列控制。最后，对我国如何发展智能交通系统和先进车辆自动控制技术进行了探讨。     

基于数据挖掘技术的智能交通信息分析与决策研究

智能交通系统是解决当今交通问题最有前途的手段之一,而交通信息的分析与处理是其核心问题。首先介绍智能交通系统的信息特征及其分析要求,剖析了当前国内外常用的分析方法在信息处理与辅助决策方面存在的不足,提出了一个完整的、针对智能交通行业的交通信息智能分析与辅助决策系统模型。该模型以数据挖掘技术为核心,全面运用了新一代决策支持系统理论和计算智能技术,最后阐述了模型的各主要组成部分及其关键技术与实现方案。     

Reconstruction of the Aceh Region following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster: A transportation perspective

Aceh, located in the northernmost area of Sumatra Island, is one of the regions that suffered the most damage from the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. The process of reconstruction after a large-scale disaster is considered an opportunity to create a safer society, especially for developing countries, however the accumulation of knowledge about how to improve reconstruction is insufficient. The affected areas have diverse social and economic characteristics and unprecedented restoration efforts have been made. The Indian Ocean tsunami disaster, therefore, provides numerous research opportunities, and many surveys and other researches have been conducted to better understand what happened and how the reconstruction process could be improved. However, the majority of such research has focused on housing reconstruction, rebuilding livelihoods and community rehabilitation and there has been only limited research on transportation-related issues. Thus, there is significance in evaluating the reconstruction of Aceh from a transportation perspective, a dimension that has yet to be examined systematically. As a first step in the effort to evaluate various aspects of the reconstruction of Aceh from a transportation perspective, this research aims to present three transportation-related issues within the reconstruction process—1) the road network in the Banda Aceh coastal area, 2) mobility in relocation sites, and 3) reconstruction of the Banda Aceh–Meulaboh road—and to conduct a preliminary analysis of these issues by adding the viewpoint of disaster management and reconstruction, the authors' area of specialization. For conducting a preliminary analysis, existing information such as research papers, articles and reports and data collected through interviews and field reconnaissance conducted by the authors were utilized as much as possible, and such “qualitative data” was analyzed by applying the “interpretive approach”, considered an appropriate analytical framework for qualitative data.