Ad hoc网络中动态阈值岭型函数退避算法*

无线自组织网络(Ad hoc)在MAC层中使用IEEE 802.11 DCF的接入机制来解决节点传输竞争问题,为了解决高负载环境下的网络拥塞状况问题,在退避算法中加入了动态阈值和岭型函数来降低数据传输的冲突概率并利用NS2对改进的退避算法进行网络仿真。仿真结果表明,相对于传统的退避算法,在负载较重的网络中改进后的退避算法大概能够提高网络性能20%左右,优化后网络的时延、吞吐量和公平性均得到明显改善。     

基于无线信道的冲突分解算法仿真研究

目前,无线局域网(WLAN)中的媒体接入控制层(MAC)广泛采用基于IEEE802.11的二进制指数回退算法(BEB)的DCF协议.当WLAN中的节点数目迅速增加时,该协议存在系统吞吐量会急剧降低,网络性能变差的缺点.详细分析了无线局域网中IEEE 802.11MAC层的二进制退避协议,指出原协议在进行冲突处理上的不足,并结合树型分解算法(TSA)和快速分解算法(FCR),提出一种改进的树型冲突分解算法(ITSA).并用MATLAB仿真了CSMA/CA协议和ITSA算法.分析和仿真结果证明,与IEEE 802.11等协议采用的二进制指数退避算法相比,该算法能较大的提高系统吞吐量.     

VANET中基于公平性的多信道MAC协议

随着车载无线通信需求的增加,车载自组织网络（VANET）将成为现代智能交通系统的一个重要组成部分。对VANET中多信道MAC层协议进行了研究,提出了一种提升网络公平性的退避算法。车辆通过比较自身已成功发送的业务量与平均业务量的大小,确定不同的退避方案,一定程度上实现网络中车辆的接入公平。考虑到该退避算法在提升公平性的同时,牺牲了一定的网络吞吐量,服务信道不饱和,进一步提出根据车辆密度调整服务预约时期长度的算法,提高服务信道的利用率,增大网络的吞吐量。仿真结果表明,提出的退避算法公平性指数相比于二进制退避算法,提升了约2.3倍,而相比于倍数增线性减退避算法,提升了约2.05倍,网络的吞吐量提高了约16%。     

退避算法在Ad hoc网络中的吞吐量性能评估*

针对现有的主要退避算法,通过一维马尔可夫链分析了指数退避算法、线性退避算法和多项式退避算法以及各自对应的有最大重传次数限制的退避算法在饱和Ad hoc网络中的吞吐量性能,为无线Ad hoc网络的MAC机制的性能优化提供了理论依据。分析表明,对重传次数进行限制会减小吞吐量,同时导致丢包率的增加。三种退避算法中,多项式退避算法的吞吐量最大,而冲突概率最小,指数退避算法的吞吐量和冲突概率在三种退避算法中均居于中间;此外,吞吐量随着竞争节点的个数增加而减小,其中线性退避算法减小的速度最快,指数退避算法次之。     

一种ZigBee网络中基于优先级的CSMA/CA优化算法

本文针对ZigBee网络中的MAC层核心算法CSMA/CA不能区分业务优先级和在高网络负荷中性能较差的问题,提出了根据网络负荷设置竞争窗口的方法来确定网络中不同业务的优先级;同时,根据网络负荷来自适应调整算法中的退避指数,进一步优化网络性能.对网络模型进行了数学建模和分析,并且利用NS2软件建立仿真场景进行了网络仿真,仿真结果表明改进后的算法以较小的时延代价提高了网络吞吐量,并降低了丢包率,从而使网络整体性能得到优化.     

无线多跳网络中基于区分策略的退避算法

针对无线多跳网络环境,改进了IEEE 802.11 DCF的二进制指数退避算法,提出一种基于源节点和转发节点区分机制的退避算法。该算法能根据网络冲突状况,自适应地调节退避窗口,更适合多跳网络中流量分布不均的特点。仿真结果表明,该种区分退避机制能同时适应于低速和高速的网络环境,与BEB和AASC两种退避算法相比,在提高网络的吞吐量的同时,也提高了流间的公平性,表现出了更好的网络性能。     

无线自组织网络退避算法综述

介绍了退避机制在无线自组织网络中的作用,指出了IEEE802. 11标准中使用的二进制指数退避算法存在的不足。对当前已提出的多种典型退避算法进行了分类介绍,对各类算法的特点及相关问题进行了讨论。最后阐明了无线自组织网络退避算法研究的发展趋势。     

基于802.11DCF协作MAC的冲突分解算法

本文针对MAC层中由于采用二进制指数退避算法而存在的小尺度时间上的不公平性现象和网络资源浪费的现象,改进了基于协作MAC系统的冲突分解算法.     

适用于S-MAC协议的自适应随机退避机制研究

S-MAC协议通过周期性睡眠侦听机制来减少无线传感器网络中节点能量的消耗,但是其在随机退避过程中使用固定竞争窗口,使其在节点碰撞的避免、节点间公平性以及吞吐率上有所欠缺。针对S-MAC的以上不足,基于二进制指数退避算法(BEB)提出自适应指数随机退避算法(AD-BEB)。AD-BEB算法引入了信道竞争能力参数和网络拥挤参数,根据这两个参数对竞争窗口进行调整,并且窗口的调整经过两个阶段来完成。仿真结果表明,AD-BEB算法能够有效地减少节点的碰撞次数,增加网络的吞吐率和节点的公平性。     

一种基于自适应退避窗口的S-MAC协议改进算法研究

在分析S-MAC协议的工作过程以及退避算法的基础上,针对二进制指数退避机制的缺点进行了改进。通过当前退避窗口值和信道忙计数器来反映当前信道的拥塞状况,使节点自适应地调节退避窗口的大小以减少再次碰撞。仿真结果表明,改进后的S-MAC在高速网络环境中提高了网络的吞吐率,并且减少了能量损耗,表现出更好的网络性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。