敏化剂修饰纳米晶TiO2多孔膜电极的光电化学行为

在TiO2纳米晶多孔膜电极上,修饰了合成的RuL2(SCN)2(L＝2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)及聚苯胺,用光电化学方法研究了该纳米晶TiO2/敏化剂多孔膜电极的光电转换机理,并比较了两类敏化复合电极的光电转换效能.用染料或聚苯胺修饰纳米晶多孔膜电极后,可使该复合电极在可见光区吸收增加,光电流增强,且起始波长红移至＞600 nm,从而提高了宽禁带半导体电极的光电转换效率.     

热处理工艺对TiO2纳米管阵列结构及其光电性能的影响

通过阳极氧化法在钛箔上制备了TiO2纳米管阵列,在不同热处理工艺下使其晶化.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对TiO2纳米管阵列的形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,阳极氧化法制备的TiO2纳米管经450~750℃热处理后为纳米晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸随退火温度升高而增大,相同温度下氮气气氛中热处理的TiO2平均晶粒尺寸小于空气气氛中热处理的TiO2.氮气气氛下退火可拓宽TiO2由锐钛矿型(Anatase)向金红石型(Rutile)结构转变的热处理温度范围,650℃以上退火处理后,TiO2纳米管中掺杂有少量的氮.光照开路电位测试和稳态极化曲线测试结果表明,在氮气气氛中、经650℃退火处理2 h制备的TiO2纳米管阵列电极光电响应性能最佳,此时TiO2为锐钛矿型和金红石型的混晶结构.     

TiO2/ Al2O3复合薄膜的亲水性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜，通过XRD、XPS、UV透射光谱的分析及薄膜表面接触角的测量，研究了Al2O3与TiO2配比、热处理温度、膜厚度等因素对复合膜的亲水性、透光率的影响。结果表明：Al2O3的加入和膜厚度的增加均有利于TiO2薄膜亲水性的改善；热处理温度对TiO2／Al2O3复合膜的亲水性有较大影响，其中经450℃热处理的薄膜亲水性最好；Al2O3的加入未降低复合膜的可见光透光率，其平均透光率大于80％。     

TiO2共混丝朊接枝聚丙烯腈过滤膜制备及性能研究

针对传统高分子过滤膜使用有机溶剂易造成环境污染的问题,以氯化锌水溶液为溶剂,丝朊均相接枝聚丙烯腈,加入纳米TiO2得到铸模液,以水为凝固浴,制备TiO2共混的丝朊接枝聚丙烯腈(SF-g-PAN/TiO2)过滤膜。通过扫描电子显微镜,红外光谱等方法对膜进行表征,研究不同TiO2含量的SF-g-PAN过滤膜的亲水性、抗污染性能、力学性能以及SF-g-PAN/TiO2膜对不同分子量染料的截留。结果表明:随着TiO2含量的增加,膜的力学强度先增大后减小。TiO2含量为1%(质量分数)时,膜的力学和抗污染性能最好;在0.10 MPa下,SF-g-PAN/TiO2膜对于分子量大于660的染料截留率为96%以上,通量达到80 L/(m^2·h)。     

316L不锈钢表面液相沉积TiO2薄膜的耐蚀性研究

采用液相沉积法在316L不锈钢表面制备TiO2薄膜。运用电化学方法对不同时间和不同热处理温度下制备的薄膜在Tyrode’s模拟体液中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明，随沉积时间的增加．膜层增厚，抗腐蚀性能增强，而且热处理后薄膜的性能更佳。原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)发现膜由均匀的纳米粒子堆积而成，膜层光滑。沉积96h．然后经过500℃、1h热处理后得到的TiO2薄膜的性能最佳。     

La3+掺杂对纳米TiO2微观结构及光催化性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯和氯化镧为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La3+掺杂TiO2纳米粉体,讨论了不同掺杂浓度、不同热处理温度的样品催化降解刚果红染料实验中的光催化活性,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)分析了La3+掺杂TiO2样品的相组成、晶胞参数和晶粒大小对光催化活性的影响.结果表明:La3+掺杂能够显著提高TiO2粒子的光催化活性,最佳掺杂浓度为100∶3 0,最佳热处理温度为600℃;La3+掺杂的TiO2的相组成是影响光催化活性的决定性因素;晶格膨胀程度及晶粒大小对光催化活性的影响,主要是在相组成相同或相近时才体现得比较明显.     

基于正交试验法TiO2纳米薄膜的制备及光电性能的研究

以商业TiO2纳米粉(P25)为原料,将其充分研磨得到胶体,用刮涂和热处理的方法在氟掺杂氧化锡导电玻璃基底上制备TiO2纳米多孔薄膜阳极,并组装成染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC).对TiO2膜进行X射线衍射、扫描电镜表征分析,并对所制备的DSSC进行光电性能测试.采用正交实验设计优化制备TiO2胶体时乙酰丙酮、OP乳化剂、蒸馏水的量和研磨时间,并讨论其对DSSC性能的影响.用在最优参数下所得胶体制备的DSSC的光电转换效率最高,约为4.51％.     

纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化特性研究

以电化学方法合成的Al2O3多孔膜为基体，采用交流电沉积的方法在膜孔中沉积纳米TiO2，制备出纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜。对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜的形貌、结构和组成进行了表征；对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化甲基橙溶液进行了研究。结果表明Al2O3／TiO2复合薄膜呈现出较好的光催化活性，电沉积TiO2的时间、热处理温度、选择不同光源照射均对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化活性有一定的影响。     

TiO2/SnO2复合薄膜的亲水性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2／SnO2复合薄膜，通过XRD、XPS、UV透射光谱的分析及薄膜表面接触角、光催化降解甲基橙等的分析，研究了SnO2与TiO2配比、热处理温度、膜厚度等因素对复合膜的亲水性、透光率及光催化活性的影响。结果表明：复合膜的亲水性和光催化活性均优于单纯TiO2，当SnO2与TiO2的摩尔比为1％-5％时，所制备的薄膜具有超亲水特性；热处理温度为450℃时薄膜亲水性最好，膜厚度的增加有利于亲水性的改善。     

溶胶-凝胶制备SnO2/TiO2复合材料及其性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂.以钛酸丁脂(Ti(C4H9O)4)为前驱体,冰醋酸为螯合剂,通过水解缩聚反应制备纳米TiO2,掺杂不同比例(n(SnO2)/n(TiO2)分别为1%、2.5%、5%)的SnO2对纳米TiO2进行改性,并对1%掺杂的粉体样品进行了不同温度(350～550℃)的焙烧处理.采用浸渍提拉法制备了1%(n(SnO2)/n(TiO2))掺杂的纳米SnO2/TiO2膜.运用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)及光吸收等手段,研究了不同掺杂量、热处理温度及光照时间对TiO2相变和光催化活性的影响.研究结果表明,350℃焙烧时,1%(n(SnO2)/n(TiO2))掺杂的粉体样品出现了合适比例的锐钛矿型和金红石型的混晶结构,具有较高的光催化效率,可达96.55%.而1%(n(SnO2)/n(TiO2))掺杂的纳米SnO2/TiO2光催化膜晶粒尺寸在20～30nm左右,光催化效率为79.6%,低于相同掺杂含量的纳米SnO2/TiO2掺杂光催化剂粉体.     

TiO2-SiO2系统凝胶玻璃薄膜折射率的研究

应用光度法研究了溶胶－凝胶系统组成、热处理温度对iO2-SiO2系统凝胶玻璃薄膜折射率的影响规律。随薄膜中TiO2含量的增加以及热处理温度的升高，薄膜的折射率逐渐增大。通过调整TiO2-SiO2系统的组成及适当的热处理温度，可实现TiO2-SiO2系统薄膜折射率在1．5－2．4之间的连续变化。     

Low-temperature Preparation of Photocatalytic TiO2 Thin Films on Polymer Substrates by Direct Deposition from Anatase Sol

Anatase TiO2 sol was synthesized under mild conditions （75℃ and ambient pressure） by hydrolysis of titaniumn-butoxide in abundant acidic aqueous solution and subsequent reflux to enhance crystallization. At room temperature and in ambient atmosphere, crystalline TiO2 thin films were deposited on polymethylmethacrylate （PMMA）, SiO2-coated PMMA and SiO2-coated silicone rubber substrates from the as-prepared TiO2 sol by a dip-coating process. SiO2 layers prior to TiO2 thin films on polymer substrates could not only protect the substrates from the photocatalytic decomposition of the TiO2 thin films but also enhance the adhesion of the TiO2 thin films to the substrates. Field-emission type scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM） investigations revealed that the average particle sizes of the nanoparticles composing the TiO2 thin films were about 35-47 nm. The TiO2 thin films exhibited high photocatalytic activities in the degradation of reactive brilliant red dye X-3B in aqueous solution under aerated conditions. The preparation process of photocatalytic TiO2 thin films on the polymer substrates was quite simple and a low temperature route.     

Ag~+/TiO_2-ZnO纳米复合薄膜的制备及双亲性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2薄膜、TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜和Ag+/TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜。通过X射线衍射和原子力显微镜表征了样品的晶相、晶粒尺寸和形貌。以水(H2O)作为极性溶液参照物、苯(C6H6)作为非极性溶液参照物,研究了掺杂量、煅烧温度、表面处理对薄膜光致双亲性的影响。结果表明:在ZnO/TiO2复合薄膜中,适量掺杂Ag+会提高其双亲性,摩尔比为1%时最佳。煅烧温度的不同能够导致薄膜的晶粒粒径、晶型及薄膜表面的粗糙度发生变化,从而影响薄膜的双亲性能。煅烧温度为550℃、经酸溶液或热处理后Ag+/TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜的双亲性最佳,其晶粒粒径约为21.1nm。此时,亲水角和亲油角分别为2°和0.5°。Ag+/TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜的双亲性明显高于纯TiO2和TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜。     

TiO_2掺杂Ce和La离子薄膜的微结构与光催化性能

在应用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2薄膜中,通过钛酸丁酯与结晶硫酸高铈(和三氧化二镧)混合反应,使薄膜中掺杂了一定量的Ce(La)离子。经对甲醛的光催化性能实验以及XRD Rietveld(全谱图拟合)结构分析表明:控制两种元素的加入量和热处理的温度,能够使薄膜的晶体和微结构发生变化,从而使TiO2的催化性能得以大幅度提高。     

The effect of substrate temperature on the spray-deposited TiO2 nanostructured films for dye-sensitized solar cells

The nanostructured TiO2 films have deposited on SnO2:F (FTO) coated glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique at different substrate temperatures of 200-500 degrees C. The structural, surface morphological and optical properties of TiO2 films significantly vary with the substrate temperature. The surface of the TiO2 films deposited at 400 degrees C shows the nanoflakes and short nanorods (approximately 130 nm) like structures while the TiO2 films prepared at 500 degrees C shows only the nanoflakes like structures. The band gap of the TiO2 films prepared at higher temperatures (300-500 degrees C) becomes narrow due to presence the rutile phases in their crystal structure. Ruthenium (II) complex as a dye, KI/I2 as an electrolyte and carbon on FTO glass as a counter electrode has used to fabricate the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC). The TiO2 film deposited at 400 degrees C has showed the best photovoltaic performance in DSC with the efficiency of 3.81%, the photovoltage of 773 mV, the photocurrent of 8.34 mA/cm2, and the fill factor of 56.17%. The photovoltage of the DSC increases with the increase of substrate temperature during the deposition of TiO2 films. Moreover, all the DSCs exhibit reasonably high fill factor value.     

A high efficiency indoline-sensitized solar cell based on a nanocrystalline TiO(2) surface doped with copper

Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical solar cells made from nanocrystalline films of TiO(2) doped with copper and sensitized with indoline 149 dye are found to have impressively higher efficiencies compared to equivalent cells made from undoped films. The surface concentration of copper atoms on the TiO(2) where this effect is optimized is nearly the same as the concentration of dye molecules on the TiO(2) surface. Copper doping shifts the flat-band potential of TiO(2) in the negative direction, which is favorable for increasing the open-circuit voltage of the cell. It is suggested that in addition to the linkage of the carboxylate ligand of the dye to the TiO(2) surface, moieties in the rhodanine rings of the dye coordinate to the copper atoms on the TiO(2) surface. The coordination of the dye to copper seems to have a positive influence on the efficiency of the cell.     

Self-assembled TiO₂ with increased photoelectron production, and improved conduction and transfer: enhancing photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells

Highly crystalline mesoporous anatase TiO(2) is prepared through supramolecular self-assembly and by utilizing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as templating material. Photoanodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made from these TiO(2) nanoparticles are found to have a high specific surface area of 153 m(2)/g and high surface roughness. Optical absorption spectroscopy studies reveal that the photoanode films adsorb four times more dye than films made of commercial P25 TiO(2). Mercury porosimetry and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) studies show hierarchical macro- and meso-porosity of the photoanode films leading to better dye and electrolyte percolation, combined with improved electron conduction pathways compared to P25 films. Electrochemical impedance studies confirm lower impedance and higher electron lifetime in the synthesized mesoporous TiO(2) films compared to P25 films. Higher photovoltaic efficiency was recorded of cells made from the synthesized mesoporous TiO(2) in comparison to the corresponding cells made from P25. Incident-photon-to-current efficiency data provided critical understanding of recombination kinetics, and provided proof of Mie scattering by the self-assembled submicrometer sized TiO(2) aggregates and the macropores in their structure. The scattering phenomenon was further corroborated by diffused reflectance studies. An in-depth analysis of CTAB-templated mesoporous TiO(2) has been conducted to show how it can be a good candidate photoanode material for enhancing the performance of DSSCs.     

Hierarchical structured TiO2 photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

A novel approach has been developed to fabricate hills-like hierarchical structured TiO2 photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The appropriately aggregated TiO2 clusters in the photoanode layer could cause stronger light scattering and higher dye loading that increases the efficiency of photovoltaic device. For detailed light-harvesting study, different molecular weights of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as binders for TiO2 nanoparticles (P-25 Degussa) aggregation. A series of TiO2 films with dissimilar morphology, the reflection of TiO2 films, absorbance of attached dye, amount of dye loading, and performance of fabricated DSSC devices, were measured and investigated. An optimized device had energy conversion efficiency of 4.47% having a higher dye loading and good light harvesting, achieving a 23% increase of short-circuit current J(sc) in DSSCs.     

Basic dye decomposition kinetics in a photocatalytic slurry reactor

Wastewater effluent from textile plants using various dyes is one of the major water pollutants to the environment. Traditional chemical, physical and biological processes for treating textile dye wastewaters have disadvantages such as high cost, energy waste and generating secondary pollution during the treatment process. The photocatalytic process using TiO2 semiconductor particles under UV light illumination has been shown to be potentially advantageous and applicable in the treatment of wastewater pollutants. In this study, the dye decomposition kinetics by nano-size TiO2 suspension at natural solution pH was experimentally studied by varying the agitation speed (50-200 rpm), TiO2 suspension concentration (0.25-1.71 g/L), initial dye concentration (10-50 ppm), temperature (10-50 degrees C), and UV power intensity (0-96 W). The experimental results show the agitation speed, varying from 50 to 200 rpm, has a slight influence on the dye decomposition rate and the pH history; the dye decomposition rate increases with the TiO2 suspension concentration up to 0.98 g/L, then decrease with increasing TiO2 suspension concentration; the initial dye decomposition rate increases with the initial dye concentration up to a certain value depending upon the temperature, then decreases with increasing initial dye concentration; the dye decomposition rate increases with the UV power intensity up to 64 W to reach a plateau. Kinetic models have been developed to fit the experimental kinetic data well.     

Effects of Power Density and Post Annealing Process on the Microstructure and Wettability of TiO2 Films Deposited by Mid-frequency Magnetron Reactive Sputtering

The relationship of ＂preparation parameters-microstructures-wettability＂ of TiO2 films was reported. In this work, TiO2 films were deposited onto glass and silicon substrates by using mid-frequency dual magnetron sputtering technique at ambient temperature with various power densities and deposition time. After deposition, the films were heat treated at different annealing temperatures. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） were utilized to characterize TiO2 films. The wettability of the films was evaluated by water contact angle measurement. The phase transition temperature of TiO2 films depended on the power density. It was demonstrated that wettability was strongly structure dependent and the film with the thickness of 610 nm （the power density was 2.22 W/cm^2） showed the lowest contact angle （8°）. It can be concluded that smaller crystallite size, the rutile phase with （110） face being parallel to the surface, and tensile stress favored the hydrophilicity of the TiO2 films.