Mg-9Li-3.57Al-0.5Si-0.25Ca合金的组织转变与力学性能

为了提高镁锂合金的强度,采用普通重力铸造法制备了Mg-9Li-3.57Al-0.5Si-0.25Ca合金,考察该合金经均匀化热处理及轧制变形后的微观组织演变及力学行为变化。结果表明,铸态Mg-9Li-3.57Al-0.5Si-0.25Ca合金主要由β-Li基体、α-Mg相、以及分布于α-Mg/β-Li相界、基体的AlLi大颗粒,少量的Mg Li2Al、Mg_2Si和(Mg,Al)_2Ca相组成。合金经不同时间均匀化处理后,β-Li基体及界面处的AlLi大颗粒溶解,而在α-Mg相内析出纳米AlLi颗粒、并逐步长大;同时长条状α-Mg相从β-Li基体中析出并逐步合并长大。再经热轧后,α-Mg相拉长细化;α-Mg相内、相界面处大量AlLi相回溶,消除了界面处大颗粒聚集分布状态;同时在α-Mg相、β-Li基体内形成高密度均匀弥散分布的纳米颗粒强化相,合金得到了有效强化。热轧合金的力学性能大幅度提高,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别达到216 MPa、164 MPa和9.51%。     

挤压比对双相Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金显微组织、织构和力学性能的影响（英文）

通过显微组织观察、织构分析和拉伸测试等手段研究挤压比对双相Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金显微组织、织构和力学性能的影响。结果表明：均匀化态Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金中含有α-Mg、β-Li、Mg Li Zn、I相和W相。经热挤压后,共晶I相被碾碎成细小颗粒状,而W相保持原有块状形状。合金中α-Mg基体和β-Li基体在热挤压过程中均发生了动态再结晶(DRX),且晶粒随着挤压比的增加逐渐细化。经热挤压后,α-Mg基体的基面织构弱化和柱面织构增强是由于非基面滑移的激活;β-Li基体中形成明显的α和γ纤维织构主要与动态回复与动态再结晶相关。热挤压同时提升Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金的抗拉强度和伸长率,并在挤压比为16:1时获得最佳的综合力学性能。     

Mg-9Li-0.5Ca双相合金中共晶组织的形成及力学行为

在Mg-9Li双相合金中添加0.5%(质量分数,下同)Ca元素,通过磁悬浮熔炼及铜模吸铸方法熔炼制备了共晶型Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金。组织观察表明,常规Mg-9Li双相合金中形成的α-Mg相为粗大短板条状,取向随机、均匀无序分布于β-Li基体中。而Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金中形成了棒状交替排列的(α-Mg+β-Li)共晶团组织,在共晶团内,α-Mg相呈长纤维状(长宽比约为100)、并以一定取向定向排列;相比于Mg-9Li合金,共晶a-Mg相纤维间距及纤维直径显著减小、组织明显细化,a-Mg相体积分数显著增加;同时,大量纳米、亚微米级Mg_2Ca颗粒均匀弥散分布于α-Mg、β-Li晶粒内及两相界面上。由此导致具有该共晶组织的Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金相比于Mg-9Li合金力学性能显著增加,室温拉伸屈服强度提高3%、抗拉强度提高3.5%,伸长率提高50%。分析表明,微量Ca元素的添加和铜模吸铸产生的较快的冷却速度,诱发Mg-9Li双相中细小(α-Mg+β-Li)共晶组织的形成,显著提高力学性能。     

Mg-9Li双相合金中共晶组织的形成及力学反应

在Mg-9Li双相合金中添加0.5wt.% Ca元素,通过磁悬浮熔炼及铜模吸铸方法熔炼制备了共晶型Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金。组织观察表明,常规Mg-9Li双相合金中形成的?-Mg相为粗大短板条状,取向随机、均匀无序分布于?-Li 基体中。而Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金中形成了棒状交替排列的（?-Mg ?-Li）共晶团组织,在共晶团内?-Mg相呈长纤维状（长径比~100）、并以一定取向定向排列;相比于Mg-9Li合金,共晶?-Mg相纤维间距及纤维直径显著减小、组织明显细化,?-Mg相体积分数显著增加;同时,大量纳米、亚微米级Mg2Ca颗粒均匀弥散分布于?-Mg、?-Li晶粒内及两相界面上。由此导致具有该共晶组织的Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金相比于Mg-9Li合金室温拉伸屈服强度提高3%、抗拉强度提高3.5%,伸长率提高50%,力学性能显著增加。分析表明,微量Ca元素的添加和铜模吸铸产生的较快的冷却速度,诱发Mg-9Li双相中细小（?-Mg ?-Li）共晶组织的形成,显著提高力学性能。     

钆对Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd合金铸态组织与力学性能的影响

采用锂盐熔剂保护熔铸Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd(x=1,3,5)合金铸锭,研究钆含量对铸态合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd合金基体由α-Mg(HCP)和β-Li(BCC)双相构成。随着钆含量的增加,Mg5Gd共晶相和Zn12Gd化合物相逐渐连成网状,将基体α+β双相隔离成20~40μm的等轴状或类似于铸铁中的共晶团状,可有效细化α-Mg相和连续的β-Li相;组织中大颗粒Mg2Zn11相弥散分布在β-Li相内,Mg51Zn20相分布在α-Mg晶界处;锌元素还可以在β-Li相中析出细小弥散分布的MgZn相,其数量随钆含量的增加而增加,可直接弥散强化β-Li相。此外,锌和钆对合金硬度的影响较大,随着钆含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度提高,但伸长率降低。     

往复挤压对Mg-0.85Zn-0.15Y-0.6Zr铸态组织和力学性能的影响

研究了往复挤压对准晶增强Mg-0.85Zn-0.15Y-0.6Zr铸态合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,往复挤压可大幅度细化Mg-0.85Zn-0.15Y-0.6Zr铸态合金组织,且使I相等相对均匀地分布在α-Mg基体中。同铸态合金相比,挤压后Mg-0.85Zn-0.15Y-0.6Zr合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别提高了75.8%,43.2%和35%。     

Y对Mg-8Li-4Zn-xY合金及其1 mm薄板组织与性能的影响

采用锂盐熔剂保护熔铸了Mg-8Li-4Zn-xY合金铸锭,并通过正挤压制成1mm的薄板。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、XRD分析及合金硬度测试,探讨合金的组织与力学性能。结果表明:Mg-8Li-4Zn-xY合金基体为β-Li(bcc)和α-Mg(hcp)相,析出强化相颗粒和化合物为Mg2Zn11,Mg72.05Zn27.95,MgZn,Mg2Y,MgY及未知相。随Y含量的增加,铸态基体组织得到细化,析出相数量增加。1mm正挤压变形态薄板材基体组织大小、形貌和β-Li相内弥散析出的强化相颗粒数量随着Y含量的提高没有明显变化,但α-Mg相由β-Li相包裹着被拉长并得到一定程度的细化,呈平行于挤压方向的条带状。β-Li相在协调塑性变形的同时发生了动态再结晶,晶界均匀分布着强化相颗粒。无论是铸态还是挤压后1mm的Mg-8Li-4Zn-xY合金薄板,随着Y含量的增加合金得到不同程度的强化,硬度均得到不同程度的提高。     

热处理对Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.5Zr合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和拉伸试验机等研究了不同热处理状态下Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的物相、显微组织和力学性能.结果 表明:铸态Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的组织主要由α-Mg基体、Mg5(Gd,Zn)、Mg5Gd以及Mg10ZnGd(18R-LPSO)相构成.固溶处理后,LPSO...     

510℃均匀化对Mg-5Gd-3Y-2Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr合金微观组织的影响

采用OM、SEM和XRD对Mg-5Gd-3Y-2Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr合金铸态和510℃均匀化处理过程中的微观组织变化进行了系统研究。结果表明:铸态合金的微观组织主要由α-Mg基体、晶界上灰黑色的不规则块状相、灰白色的骨骼状相和晶界附近细小的针状LPSO相组成;铸态合金的相结构为α-Mg、Mg3(RE,Zn)和Mg5(RE,Zn);510℃均匀化处理过程中,不但晶界上的共晶组织发生回溶,而且晶界附近的细小针状LPSO相也发生了回溶。均匀化处理48 h后,晶界上仍然存在少量共晶组织。     

铸态Mg-9Gd-4Y-xZn-0.5Zr合金组织和力学性能

采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪以及拉伸试验机,研究了Zn对铸态Mg-9Gd-4Y-x Zn-0.5Zr(x=0,0.5 1.0,1.5,2.0)合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:铸态Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.5Zr合金显微组织由基体α-Mg和共晶相Mg5(Gd,Y)组成。加入Zn元素后,合金组织中出现Mg5(Gd,Y,Zn)相和Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)相,分布于晶界或晶内。当Zn含量为1%时,合金组织得到明显细化,第二相分布均匀,力学性能显著提升。此时,合金抗拉强度和屈服强度到达最大值,分别为209.72 MPa和172.69 MPa。随着Zn含量进一步增加,合金组织粗化,第二相含量迅速增加且沿晶界逐渐呈网状分布并逐渐向晶内深入,合金强度也明显降低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.