基于超高效液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱、天然产物词典和活性筛选的艾纳香内生真菌次生代谢产物

【背景】植物内生真菌是天然活性小分子的重要来源,但由于种类繁多,导致寻找结构新颖、活性强的化合物非常困难,重复分离已成为制约新型药源小分子发掘的瓶颈。【目的】综合各种技术,快速寻找目标活性次生代谢产物。【方法】通过对菌株分子鉴定、天然产物词典(dictionaryofnatural products,DNP)数据库检索、超高效液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱(ultraperformanceliquidchromatographyquadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTof-MS)分析、滤纸片法抑菌实验和色谱技术跟踪获得活性单体化合物。运用质谱和单晶衍射技术对化合物结构进行鉴定,96孔板法对单体化合物进行活性评价。【结果】分离鉴定出11株艾纳香内生真菌,筛选出一株各方面表现良好的艾纳香内生菌菌株Diaporthe sp.,从其大米培养基中获得一个单体化合物Cytochalasin H,活性评价显示其对枯草芽孢杆菌具有很好的抑制活性,MIC值为32μg/mL。【结论】将多种筛选技术相结合的方法应用于艾纳香内生真菌活性代谢产物的发掘,为快速寻找活性先导化合物提供了很好的借鉴。     

一株分离自黑果枸杞的内生真菌米曲霉代谢产物（英文）

从黑果枸杞内生真菌米曲霉RER4的发酵物中分离出9个化合物,通过波谱技术分别鉴定为麦角甾醇(1)、5-羟基-苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮(2)、2,5-二羟基苯乙酸甲酯(3)、5-羟甲基呋喃-3-甲酸(4)、pyranonigrins A(5)、campyrones A(6)、4-乙酰氨基丁酸(7)、rubrofusarin B(8)以及asperpyrones A(9),其中化合物2~9为首次从米曲霉发酵物中分离出。抗氧化活性测试表明:化合物2和3对DPPH自由基抑制率的IC50值分别为4.58和7.00μg/m L。这些化合物对四株细菌(大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)和四株植物病原真菌(尖孢镰刀菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果树腐烂病菌、番茄灰霉病菌)的生长表现出不同程度的抑制作用。     

蛇足石杉内生真菌Neofusicoccum sp. F483的化学成份研究

植物内生真菌是重要的生物资源,来自植物不同组织的内生菌还有一大部分未被人们所认识,该研究通过查阅国内外相关文献,发现内生菌产生的化合物大多具有生物学活性。在此基础上以蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)为材料,从其茎部分离纯化得到1株内生真菌,提取这株真菌的总DNA,用PCR扩增ITS片段,将测序结果在GenBank数据库中进行比对,最终鉴定为葡萄座腔菌属(Neofusicoccumsp.)。具体方法:(1)对内生真菌Neofusicoccumsp.F483进行固体培养基发酵,并用混合有机溶剂提取得代谢产物;(2)采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱柱层析、半制备HPLC等方法对代谢产物的化学成分进行分离;(3)利用理化性质及1 H-NMR、13C-NMR、ESI-MS等波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果表明:共分离得到8个化合物,经过波谱数据分析并结合文献对照鉴定结构为fusaproliferin(1)、过氧麦角甾醇(2)、麦角甾醇(3)、1-(furan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethanone(4)、脑苷脂C(5)、腺嘌呤核苷(6)、versicolactone B(7)、versicolactone A(8)。该研究结果可为进一步从植物内生菌中挖掘有价值的天然活性产物奠定基础,为新的药用植物内生菌资源的开发利用提供理论依据。     

虎皮楠内生真菌Aspergillus sp.DCS31化学成分研究

从长序虎皮楠韧皮部分离到内生真菌Aspergillus sp.DCS31,经ITS序列分析将该株菌鉴定为曲霉属真菌.我们从该菌的固体发酵物中分离得到了5个化合物,经质谱和核磁共振波谱解析,分别鉴定为asperpyroneD(1)、asperpyrone A(2)、flavasperone(3)、1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2α-methyl heptyl)ester (4)、2,5-di-hydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester(5).化合物1、2、3、4为首次从虎皮楠内生真菌中分离得到.     

香鳞毛蕨化学成分及其体外抗浅部真菌活性研究

为对香鳞毛蕨的化学成分进行提取分离及体外抗浅部真菌活性研究。本实验采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶以及制备液相色谱方法对香鳞毛蕨的化学成分进行分离纯化,得到8个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据分析确定所得化合物的结构,分别鉴定为白绵马素PB(1)、绵马素PP(2)、黄绵马酸BB(3)、田基黄绵马酸A(4)、filicinic acid Ⅵ(5)、mallophenone(6)、绵马素AB(7)、绵马酚B(8),其中化合物1～6均为首次从该植物中分离得到,经抗真菌筛选,发现化合物3～8对红色毛癣菌和石膏样小孢子菌具有较好的抑制作用,可为进一步开发其药用价值奠定基础。     

朴树内生镰刀菌HU0174抗真菌次生代谢产物研究

通过硅胶柱层析、大孔吸附树脂柱层析和高效液相制备等色谱技术从一株朴树内生镰刀菌Fusarium sp.HU0174的大米发酵物中分离得到一个新的环酯肽:acuminatum D(1)和6个已知化合物:acuminatums A～C(2～4)、白僵菌素(5)、白僵菌酮(6)和吲哚-3-羧酸(7),运用NMR和MS等谱学方法鉴定了它们的化学结构。采用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测试表明环酯肽类化合物1～4对柑橘绿霉和新月弯孢霉两株植物致病真菌具有明显的体外抑制活性,初步阐明了镰刀菌HU0174的抗真菌活性物质基础。     

蛇足石杉中的新内生真菌及其代谢产物的分离与鉴定

从蛇足石杉内生菌的次级代谢产物中寻找活性成分,为进一步开发利用蛇足石杉药用植物资源提供了新途径,但至今其内生菌代谢产物的系统性研究较为少见。种类丰富的内生真菌普遍存在于各种植物中,但蕨类植物中内生真菌的研究较少。为了寻找蛇足石杉内生菌中的细胞毒活性成分,该研究从蛇足石杉根部分离得到一株球毛壳属(Chaetomium sp.)真菌M336,对其化学成分进行了研究。对蛇足石杉内生真菌M336采用PDA固体培养基扩大发酵,发酵物经提取及乙酸乙酯萃取后,通过正相硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱法、薄层制备、高效液相色谱等色谱手段对其发酵物中的化学成分进行分离纯化,利用理化性质、质谱、核磁等波谱分析技术,并结合相关文献数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明：从内生真菌M336发酵提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离并鉴定出8个化合物,分别为chaetoviridines F、chaetoviridines E、5′-epichaetoviridin A、5′-epichaetoviridin A、xanthoquinodins Al、xanthoquinodins A2、xanthoquinodins B1和毛壳菌素。从M336中分离得到8个化合物,化合物3有一定的抑菌作用,其余化合物有一定的细胞毒活性。该研究结果丰富了蛇足石杉内生真菌球毛壳属中的天然细胞毒活性的化合物。     

碱蓬内生真菌GMF19次级代谢产物的研究

以碱蓬根茎中分离得到的内生真菌Talaromyces pinophilus GMF19为研究对象,研究其代谢产物结构及生物活性多样性。对其发酵产物综合运用硅胶、凝胶、反相硅胶柱色谱及制备高效液相色谱法分离得到11个化合物,通过波谱学方法并与相关文献进行数据比对鉴定其结构,分别为:trichodermamides A(1)、ergosterol(2)、adenosine(3)、kojic acid(4)、5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-ethyl formate(5)、kojic acid monomethyl ether(6)、5-n-heneicosylresorcinol(7)、caffeic acid methyl ester(8)、(E)-caffeamide(9)、2,3,4-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylbenzylalcohol(10)与Nbacetyltryptamine(11)。除化合物2之外,其余10个化合物均为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。化合物2、3、5与7对至少2种供试植物病原真菌具有抑制活性;而化合物1及4～6具有卤虫致死活性,其中4的LD50值仅为7. 4μg/m L。     

艾纳香内生真菌Diaporthe sp.次生代谢产物

【目的】从艾纳香内生菌J1中获得活性次生代谢产物。【方法】对菌株J1进行ITS序列分子鉴定,综合运用多种色谱技术对其发酵产物进行分离纯化,结合波谱学技术对其进行结构表征。【结果】经构建系统进化树,鉴定菌株J1为Diaporthe sp.,从该菌株大米培养基中分离得到7个单体化合物,经鉴定分别为Dicerandrol A (1)、Dicerandrol B (2)、4,6-dihydroxy-1H-isoindole1,3(2H)-dione (3)、Cytochalasin H (4)、Cytochalasin J (5)、4,6-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-one (6)、Cerebroside C (7)。所有化合物均为首次从该菌中分得,化合物1对枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis KCTC 1021具有非常强的抑制活性,MIC值为0.125μg/mL。【结论】Diaporthe sp.富含抑菌活性化合物,具有开发成微生物源农药潜力。     

藏药穹代尔中内生真菌的分离及其次级代谢物的生物活性研究

从藏药穹代尔(攀茎钩藤,Uncaria scandens)的内生真菌中筛选对单胺氧化酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶具有抑制活性的提取物,并对高活性提取物进行化学成分的鉴定。采用组织切块法分离内生菌,发酵、萃取、甲醇回流提取法得到待测提取物,酶标法测定酶活性,波谱解析法鉴定结构。从穹代尔组织中共分离到9株内生真菌,检测发现3株内生真菌发酵提取物具有一定乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,其抑制率在50%以上。通过分子生物学方法及形态学分析对活性菌株QDE-6进行了菌种鉴定,鉴定为黑曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)真菌。从内生真菌QDE-6的次级代谢产物中分离鉴定了5个化合物,分别是Aspergiketone(1)、Gliotoxin(2)、Pseurotin A2(3)、Brevianamide F(4)、Pseurotin A1(5)。相比其他化合物,化合物3抑制率为51. 67%,具有较高的抗单胺氧化酶活性,化合物4抑制率为42. 76%,具有较高的抗乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。可作为进一步研究藏药穹代尔中内生真菌及开发药物的基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.