原发性先天性淋巴水肿一家系VEGFR3基因突变分析

目的 对1个患原发性先天性淋巴水肿(prjmary congenital lymphoedema,PCL)汉族大家系进行遗传学研究,了解先天性淋巴水肿患病的分子遗传学基础.方法 对该家系12名成员(10名直系亲属、2名配偶)采样并提取DNA,选择已知的3个PCL相关致病基因位点,用荧光微卫星标记进行基因连锁定位.确定VEGFR3为致病基因后,对家系中的患者进行VEGFR3基因的突变检测,并与100名正常人进行对照分析.结果 该家系疾病与5q35.3区的微卫星标记D5S408连锁.对该区域的VEGFR3进行DNA测序,发现患者含有1个c.C3341T转换,该突变导致VEGFR3蛋白发生p.Pro1114Leu;该家系中所检测患者均发现携带该杂合突变.100名正常对照该位点的测序分析未能检测到该突变.结论 VEGFR3基因是最重要的PCL致病基因,该家系成员VEGFR-3的p.Pro1114Leu突变是患者患淋巴水肿的遗传基础.     

牙本质发育不全Ⅱ型1例家系调查与遗传分析

目的 研究1例遗传性牙本质发育不全Ⅱ型(DGI-Ⅱ)家系致病基因是否与染色体4q21连锁,从分子水平探讨DGI-Ⅱ的发病机制.方法 用FTA洗脱卡对遗传性牙本质发育不全Ⅱ型家系的6名成员进行末梢采血,提取纯化基因组DNA;选择染色体4q21上4个STR标记做荧光标记PCR扩增,分析致病基因与4个STR标记的连锁关系.结...     

常染色体显性高度近视一家系连锁定位分析

目的 通过连锁定位分析,探讨一个中国原发性高度近视家系的致病基因与已报道高度近视相关连锁位点的关系.方法 选择一个连续3代发病的常染色体显性高度近视家系,选取位于18p11.31,12q21-23,7q36,17q21-23,4q22-27,2q,37.1,7p15.3,15q12-13,10q21.1这9个已报道的常染色体显性高度近视致病基因连锁位点的18个多态性微卫星标记物进行STR基因分型,采用两点法进行连锁分析.结果 本家系受累者皆为高度近视,屈光度从-6.00D到-20.00D不等,符合常染色体显性遗传特征.分析显示此9个遗传标记位点与该家系致病基因均不连锁,比值比均<-1.结论 该家系存在一个新的致病基因连锁位点,需进一步实施全基因组多态性微卫星标记连锁分析以确定该家系致病基因的染色体定位.     

一例Krabbe病患者家系的产前诊断和基因突变分析

目的探讨一例Krabbe病患者的遗传病因,并对家系成员进行基因突变分析及产前诊断。方法应用全外显子测序技术对Krabbe病患者进行致病突变筛查,结合临床表型,确定候选基因的致病位点,Sanger测序验证夫妻双方GALC基因,孕妇进行绒毛穿刺和羊水穿刺,对GALC基因测序并进行产前诊断。结果全外显子测序结果显示家系中Krabbe病患者存在GALC基因c.599C>A(p.Ser200*)和c.461C>A(p.Pro154His)位点复合杂合变异,其父亲为c.461C>A(p.Pro154His)位点杂合变异携带者,母亲为c.599C>A(p.Ser200*)杂合变异携带者。绒毛和羊水检测GALC基因为c.461C>A(p.Pro154His)位点杂合变异。结论 GALC基因c.599C>A(p.Ser200*)和c.461C>A(p.Pro154His)位点复合杂合变异是该家系中Krabbe病患者的发病原因,胎儿绒毛和羊水检测结果与先证者不同,为该家系遗传咨询和产前诊断提供有力证据,有效预防出生缺陷。     

一个Charcot-Marie-Tooth病家系的分子遗传学分析

目的 鉴定一个Charcot-Marie-Tooth病(CMT)家系的致病突变.方法 根据家族史、临床表现和肌电图检查结果判断家系CMT分型.采集16名家系成员外周血,提取基因组DNA.针对CMT1的6个亚型,选择微卫星标记进行连锁分析.针对PMP22基因重复突变,采用实时定量PCR检测家系成员.结果 本家系疾病呈常染色体显性遗传.患者均有青少年发病、缓慢进展的下肢无力症状.部分患者经查体发现下肢腱反射减弱、痛触觉减弱,下肢神经传导速度均小于30 m/s,提示为CMT1型.通过连锁分析排除了CMT1A、CMT1E以外的其他4个亚型,证实患者基因组内PMP22基因存在重复突变.结论 此家系患者表型为CMT1A,其致病突变为染色体17p11.2区域内PMP22基因的重复.     

遗传性牙本质发育不全Ⅱ型的疾病基因研究进展

遗传性牙本质发育不全Ⅱ型(dentinogenesis imperfecta,typeⅡ,DG I-Ⅱ)是一种常染色体显性遗传病,疾病基因定位于人类染色体4q21,目前的研究发现患者牙本质唾液酸焦磷酸蛋白基因(dentin sialophosphoprote in,DSPP)有突变,但存在遗传异质性。笔者对DG I-II疾病候选基因及DSPP的突变进行了综述。     

一个短指家系临床特征调查及其致病基因的定位

目的 通过对山东省一个A1型短指(brachydactyly type A1,BDA1)家系的临床特征及致病基因分析,确定该病的遗传类型及其发生机制.方法 经家系调查及临床检查确定疾病类型;通过致病基因微卫星多态位点进行连锁分析;采用修饰引物产生引入酶切位点的方法来区分突变基因.结果 该家系的短指症为A1型,常染色体显性遗传;发病原因为位于染色体2q35-2q36的IHH基因(indian hedgehog gene)发生了G298A(D100N)错义突变.结论 中国山东A1型短指家系的发病机理是IHH基因发生了G298A(D100N)错义突变所致.     

一个短指家系临床特征调查及其致病基因的定位

目的 通过对山东省一个A1型短指(brachydactyly type A1,BDA1)家系的临床特征及致病基因分析,确定该病的遗传类型及其发生机制.方法 经家系调查及临床检查确定疾病类型;通过致病基因微卫星多态位点进行连锁分析;采用修饰引物产生引入酶切位点的方法来区分突变基因.结果 该家系的短指症为A1型,常染色体显性遗传;发病原因为位于染色体2q35-2q36的IHH基因(indian hedgehog gene)发生了G298A(D100N)错义突变.结论 中国山东A1型短指家系的发病机理是IHH基因发生了G298A(D100N)错义突变所致.     

一个短指家系临床特征调查及其致病基因的定位

目的 通过对山东省一个A1型短指(brachydactyly type A1,BDA1)家系的临床特征及致病基因分析,确定该病的遗传类型及其发生机制.方法 经家系调查及临床检查确定疾病类型;通过致病基因微卫星多态位点进行连锁分析;采用修饰引物产生引入酶切位点的方法来区分突变基因.结果 该家系的短指症为A1型,常染色体显性遗传;发病原因为位于染色体2q35-2q36的IHH基因(indian hedgehog gene)发生了G298A(D100N)错义突变.结论 中国山东A1型短指家系的发病机理是IHH基因发生了G298A(D100N)错义突变所致.     

一个短指家系临床特征调查及其致病基因的定位

目的 通过对山东省一个A1型短指(brachydactyly type A1,BDA1)家系的临床特征及致病基因分析,确定该病的遗传类型及其发生机制.方法 经家系调查及临床检查确定疾病类型;通过致病基因微卫星多态位点进行连锁分析;采用修饰引物产生引入酶切位点的方法来区分突变基因.结果 该家系的短指症为A1型,常染色体显性遗传;发病原因为位于染色体2q35-2q36的IHH基因(indian hedgehog gene)发生了G298A(D100N)错义突变.结论 中国山东A1型短指家系的发病机理是IHH基因发生了G298A(D100N)错义突变所致.     

Analysis of DSPP gene mutation in a Chinese pedigree affected with hereditary dentinogenesis imperfectaCSCD

Objective: To analyze the clinical phenotype of a Chinese pedigree affected with hereditary dentinogenesis imperfecta and mutation of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene. Methods: Affected members underwent intraoral photography, dental film and panoramic radiography. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood samples. Coding regions of the DSPP gene were subjected to PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Functional effect of the mutation was predicted with SIFT and PolyPhen-2. The tertiary structure of wild type and mutant proteins were predicted by Swiss-Port. Results: A heterozygous c. 50C>T (p. P17L) mutation was identified in exon 2 of the DSPP gene in the proband and her father. The same mutation was not found among 200 unrelated healthy controls. The Pro-17 residues and its surrounding positions in DSPP are highly conserved across various species. The mutation was predicted to be damaging to the structure of DSPP protein. Conclusion: The c. 50C>T (p. P17L) mutation of the DSPP gene probably underlies the disease in this pedigree. Above finding has expanded the spectrum of DSPP gene mutations and provided a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for this family. © 2018 MeDitorial Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Mutation of the signal peptide region of the bicistronic gene DSPP affects translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum and results in defective dentine biomineralization

Dentine dysplasia type II is an autosomal dominant disorder in which mineralization of the dentine of the primary teeth is abnormal. On the basis of the phenotypic overlap between, and shared chromosomal location with, dentinogenesis imperfecta type II, a second disorder of dentine mineralization, it has been proposed that the two conditions are allelic. As recent studies have shown that dentinogenesis imperfecta type II results from mutation of the bicistronic dentine sialophosphoprotein gene (DSPP ), we have tested this hypothesis by sequencing DSPP in a family with a history of dentine dysplasia type II. Our results have shown that a missense change, which causes the substitution of a tyrosine for an aspartic acid in the hydrophobic signal peptide domain of the protein, underlies the phenotype in this family. Biochemical analysis has further demonstrated that this mutation causes a failure of translocation of the encoded proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum, and is therefore likely to lead to a loss of function of both dentine sialoprotein and dentine phosphoprotein.     

Dentin phosphoprotein compound mutation in dentin sialophosphoprotein causes dentinogenesis imperfecta type III

A rare compound mutation involving a 36 bp deletion and 18 bp insertion within exon 5 of the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene has been identified in a family with dentinogenesis imperfecta type III (DGI-III). The DSPP gene encodes two major tooth matrix proteins dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). DSPP mutations associated with DGI-III results in an in frame truncation of the serine aspartic acid triplet repeat found in DPP near the highly conserved carboxyl terminal region shortening the protein by six amino acids. Clinically this family presents with discolored amber opalescent teeth and severe attrition of the tooth structure. This study is the first report of a mutation within DPP associated with a genetic dentin disease. Our study indicates that DGI-III is allelic with some forms of DGI-II with and without progressive hearing loss and dentin dysplasia type II that have been shown to be caused by mutations within the DSP coding or signal peptide regions.     

Ser80Ile mutation and a concurrent Pro25Leu variant of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">VHL</Emphasis> gene in an extended Hungarian von Hippel-Lindau family

Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by development of cystic and tumorous lesions at multiple sites, including the brain, spinal cord, kidneys, adrenals, pancreas, epididymis and eyes. The clinical phenotype results from molecular abnormalities of the VHL tumor suppressor gene, mapped to human chromosome 3p25-26. The VHL gene encodes two functionally active VHL proteins due to the presence of two translational initiation sites separated by 53 codons. The majority of disease-causing mutations have been detected downstream of the second translational initiation site, but there are conflicting data as to whether few mutations located in the first 53 codons, such as the Pro25Leu could have a pathogenic role. In this paper we report a large Hungarian VHL type 2 family consisting of 32 members in whom a disease-causing AGT80AAT (Ser80Ile) c.239G>A, p.Ser80Ile mutation, but not the concurrent CCT25CTT (Pro25Leu) c.74C>T, p.Pro25Leu variant co-segregated with the disease. To our knowledge, the Ser80Ile mutation has not been previously described in VHL type 2 patients with high risk of pheochromocytoma and renal cell cancer. Therefore, this finding represents a novel genotype-phenotype association and VHL kindreds with Ser80Ile mutation will require careful surveillance for pheochromocytoma. We concluded that the Pro25Leu variant is a rare, neutral variant, but the presence such a rare gene variant may make genetic counseling difficult.     

Residual activity and proteasomal degradation of p.Ser298Pro sulfamidase identified in patients with a mild clinical phenotype of Sanfilippo A syndrome

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA, Sanfilippo syndrome) is a fatal inherited lysosomal storage disease accompanied by progressive neurologic degeneration. The gene underlying MPS IIIA, SGSH, encodes a lysosomal enzyme, N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (sulfamidase). Mutational analysis of a large cohort of MPS IIIA patients showed a correlation of the missense mutation p.Ser298Pro and a slowly progressive course of the disease. We report here on the expression of the mutant p.Ser298Pro sulfamidase in BHK cells retaining low residual activity. Pulse-chase experiments showed that rapid degradation is responsible for the low steady state level of the mutant protein. Processing and secretion of p.Ser298Pro sulfamidase suggests that small amounts of the newly synthesized enzyme are transported to lysosomes. Most of the mutant sulfamidase exits the endoplasmic reticulum for proteasomal degradation. The ability to predict the clinical course of MPS IIIA in patients with the p.Ser298Pro mutation, as well as the residual enzymatic activity, and the reduced stability of the mutant sulfamidase suggest that this subgroup of patients is especially well suited to early sulfamidase replacement therapy or treatment with selective pharmacological chaperones.     

Biochemical and molecular diagnosis of Gaucher disease in Tunisia

Our study was carried out at a family from the Sahel (Tunisia). The father (index case) and his two children (son and daughter). The father beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCB) activity showing a deficit. These biochemical analyses are supplemented by molecular studies: enzymatic digestion and the direct sequencing. Two mutations were analysed, the p.Asn 370 Ser and the p.Leu 444 Pro. The DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of the homozygous genotype of this p.Asn 370 Ser in the father DNA and the heterozygous one in the two children DNA. It has no detection of the 55 pb deletion in exon 9 among all the specimens of DNA treated. The mutation p.Asn 370 Ser is associated with Gaucher disease type 1 correlated of a total absence of neurological involvements.     

Phenotype characterization and DSPP mutational analysis of three Brazilian dentinogenesis imperfecta type II families

The aim of this study was to perform phenotype analysis and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mutational analysis on 3 Brazilian families diagnosed with dentinogenesis imperfecta type II (DGI-II) attending the Dental Anomalies Clinic in Brasilia, Brazil. Physical and oral examinations, as well as radiographic and histopathological analyses, were performed on 28 affected and unaffected individuals. Clinical, radiographic and histopathological analyses confirmed the diagnosis of DGI-II in 19 individuals. Pulp stones were observed in ground sections of several teeth in 2 families, suggesting that obliteration of pulp chambers and root canals results from the growth of these nodular structures. Mutational DSPP gene analysis of representative affected family members revealed 7 various non-disease-causing alterations in exons 1-4 within the dentin sialoprotein domain. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to elucidate the progression of pulpal obliteration in the DGI-II patients studied as well as the molecular basis of their disease.     

Mitochondrial GTPase mitofusin 2 mutations in Korean patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is classified into two types, the demyelinating (CMT1) and axonal forms (CMT2). CMT2 is further subdivided by linkage analysis into eight subgroups. Recently, mutations in the MFN2 gene, which encodes the mitochondrial GTPase mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) that regulates the mitochondrial network architecture by fusing the mitochondria, were identified in CMT2A patients. This study carried out mutation analysis of the MFN2 gene in 12 unrelated Korean patients suspected of having CMT2 and identified four mutations (Arg94Trp, His165Arg, Ser263Pro, and Ser350Pro). Three mutations were found within the highly conserved GTPase domain that is essential for the function of Mfn2, and one mutation (Ser350Pro) was observed between the GTPase domain and the downstream coiled-coil domain. This suggests that mutations in the MFN2 gene are an important causative gene underlying Korean patients with CMT2, and screening for a mutation in the MFN2 gene is strongly recommended for making a molecular diagnosis of CMT2.