纳米SiO2改性上浆剂对炭纤维复合材料界面性能的影响

利用单纤维碎裂法，三点短梁法，扫描电镜（SEM）和动态力学热分析（DMTA）研究了未上浆炭纤维、环氧树脂乳液上浆炭纤维和经纳米SiO2改性环氧树脂乳液上浆炭纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）的界面性能。结果表明：炭纤维经改性乳液上浆剂和未改性乳液上浆剂上浆后，与未上浆相比，其单纤维复合材料的界面剪切强度（IFSS）分别提高了79％和41％，复合材料的层间剪切强度（ILSS）分别提高了14％和9％。DMTA图谱显示经纳米SiO：改性上浆的CFRP其损耗角正切（tanδ）较未改性上浆的降低18％，玻璃化温度（Tg）高出5℃。说明上浆剂中添加纳米SiO2可使上浆后的CFRP界面黏结性得到显著增强。     

用Weibull统计方法评价Ni-P镀层对炭纤维抗拉强度的影响

采用化学镀法获取Ni-P镀层炭纤维.通过SEM和XRD考察了未镀和已镀Nj-P炭纤维表面形貌和微观结构的变化,借助EDS研究了其表面元素的变化,利用Weibull统计分布探讨了Ni-P镀层对炭纤维单丝抗拉强度的影响.结果表明:Ni-P镀层使炭纤维表面缺陷减少,外界应力经过Ni-P镀层向纤维传递,改变了炭纤维的断裂机理.当镀层厚度为0.149um时,抗拉强度达到最大值3.10GPa,比未镀的增加8.77%,说明Ni-P镀层能够提高炭纤维抗拉强度.     

纳米SiO2改性炭纤维乳液上浆剂的性能评价

采用纳米SiO₂改性环氧树脂乳液上浆剂和未改性乳液上浆剂对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基炭纤维进行表面上浆。通过静置沉淀法和光学显微镜评价了两种乳液的稳定性。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线能谱仪(EDS)、 原子力显微镜(AFM)和动态接触角测试仪(DCAA)研究了未上浆、 未改性和改性上浆炭纤维的表面性能, 并用单纤维碎裂法探讨了上浆剂对炭纤维与环氧树脂界面黏结的影响。结果表明: 未改性和经纳米SiO₂改性的两种乳液粒径较小, 稳定性较好, 而前者优于后者。上浆后, 炭纤维表面的粗糙度和表面能都增大, 而且最大值出现在改性乳液上浆炭纤维的表面。改性乳液上浆单纤维复合材料拥有最大的界面剪切强度(IFSS), 比未改性上浆的高出27.2%; 改性上浆炭纤维与基体的调和平均黏结功(W(h)_a )和几何平均黏结功(W(g)_a )也分别高出未改性上浆的12.7%和11.7%。      

耐温型炭纤维乳液上浆剂

采用热分析、粒度分析、酸碱滴定、接触角测定、界面剪切强度测试等方法研究了由热塑性聚酰亚胺树脂GCPI与热固性环氧树脂618组成的耐高温炭纤维上浆剂的性能。结果表明：该复合型上浆剂乳液粒径小、分布窄，具有良好的贮存稳定性和耐酸碱性，上浆剂乳液对纤维的浸润性通过渗透剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（JFC）调节。用该复合上浆乳液处理的炭纤维耐磨性能得到改善，且上浆后炭纤维与双马来酰亚胺基体树脂QY8911的界面剪切强度较上浆前提高97％。在高温350℃时，其复合界面剪切强度保持率可达室温时的75．62％。     

有机硅添加剂对热处理粘胶纤维结构和性能的影响

借助XPS、SEM等研究了有机硅添加剂对热处理粘胶纤维的结构和性能的影响。结果表明：浸渍有机硅添加剂的粘胶纤维在热处理时，由于有机硅具有耐高温、防粘连，憎水、化学稳定性好等特性，对纤维表面可以起到保护作用；使其在热处理后，表面空洞减少，纤维的分线性得到改善，从而提高了它的抗拉强度。当有机硅添加剂的质量分数为4．79％时，所获炭纤维抗拉强度的增加幅度高达126．3％。浸渍有机硅添加剂的粘胶纤维在热处理后，Si元素主要以SiO2形式存在于纤维表面。     

聚氨酯上浆剂对炭纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料界面性能的影响（英文）

经阳极氧化的炭纤维丝束用水性聚氨酯进行上浆，考察上浆剂对炭纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料界面性能的影响，并结合元素分析、官能团分析、热重分析和示差扫描热分析进行机理研究。结果显示，上浆剂可以显著提高复合材料界面性能。层剪强度从氧化后的39.5 MPa提升到上浆后的46.4 MPa，提升17.5%。上浆的炭纤维经170°C热处理后层剪强度进一步提高到50.8 MPa。这归因于上浆剂与炭纤维表面的含氧官能团进行反应形成化学键，而上浆剂与基体以氢键相互作用。经进一步热处理后，上浆剂的封端剂脱除，释放出异氰酸酯与基体中的氨基甲酸酯反应生成尿基甲酸盐。因此，此水性聚氨酯上浆剂提高了炭纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料的界面性能。     

上浆剂对炭纤维表面和环氧树脂复合材料的影响

采用两种上浆剂对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基炭纤维进行表面上浆,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线元素分析(XPS)和反向气相色谱(IGC)研究了未上浆、上浆炭纤维的表面形貌、化学组成及纤维表面能,测试了未上浆和上浆炭纤维所制备复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)并用SEM观察其断面形貌。结果表明,上浆后炭纤维表面变平滑,纤维表面n(O)/n(C)明显提高,含氧官能团(羟基、羧基)增加,炭纤维表面能降低。上浆后,复合材料的ILLS有所提高。     

碳纳米管改性乳液上浆剂对炭纤维复合材料界面性能的影响

采用碳纳米管改性环氧树脂乳液上浆剂和未改性上浆剂对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基炭纤维进行表面上浆。通过激光粒度仪研究两种乳液的稳定性。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)与原子力显微镜(AFM)研究未改性及改性上浆炭纤维的表面结构,并用HM410界面评价装置研究炭纤维复合材料的界面性能。结果表明,碳纳米管改性后,乳液稳定性得到提高。上浆后,炭纤维表面粗糙度增加73.1%,同时接触角减小11.9%,且炭纤维表面的含氧官能团含量增加45.96%。此外,改性炭纤维复合材料的界面性能得到明显改善。当碳纳米管在上浆剂中质量分数为0.75 w t%时,炭纤维单丝的界面剪切强度较之未改性炭纤维提高14.7%。     

炭纤维阳极氧化法表面改性

采用阳极氧化法对聚丙烯腈（PAN）基炭纤维进行表面改性，利用原子力显微镜（AFM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和动态力学热分析（DMTA）对炭纤维表面改性效果进行了研究。研究结果表明，炭纤维经适当的阳极氧化表面改性后，表面的粗糙度和比表面积增大，表面羟基含量提高31％，羰基含量提高61％。表面改性炭纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）较未改性炭纤维CFRP，玻璃化温度（Tg）升高，损耗角正切峰值（tanδmax）降低，定量计算出的界面黏结参数A和a与CFRP的层间剪切强度（ILSS）所反映的炭纤维与树脂间界面黏结效果一致。采用适当的改性条件可使CFRP的ILSS提高25％，纤维抗拉强度仅损失5％。     

纳米SiO2-橡胶粉再生混凝土力学性能试验研究及数值模拟

以质量取代法研究纳米SiO2(取代水泥)和橡胶粉(取代河砂)对再生混凝土28 d抗压强度、抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响,并通过MAT-LAB软件建立了二维随机骨料投放程序,采用ABAQUS软件对再生混凝土单轴受压力学性能进行了数值模拟分析.结果表明:单掺橡胶粉时,随着橡胶粉掺量增加,再生混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度呈先增大后减小的趋势;当橡胶粉掺量恒定时,再生混凝土抗压、劈裂抗拉和抗折强度随着纳米SiO2掺量增加而增大.与未掺SiO2组相比,纳米SiO2掺量为1.5％(质量分数,下同)的再生混凝土28 d抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度分别提高了13.3％、22.8％、21％.基准组(纳米SiO2和橡胶掺量为0)和试验组(1.5％纳米SiO2和5％橡胶)单轴受压试验模拟结果与真实试验结果的误差较小,表明数值模拟分析所得的计算值与试验值吻合良好.     

Tensile strength and fracture surface characterisation of sized and unsized glass fibers

The tensile strength of commercial glass fibers is examined by single fiber tensile tests. The fibers are analysed as received from the manufacturer (sized) and after a heat treatment at 500C (unsized). Weibull plots of the two series are used for comparison of the strengths of the sized and unsized fibers. It is shown that large sample sizes (over 60 tests) are required to lead to a reliable two-parameter Weibull distribution. The experimental tests clearly indicated that the unsized fibers were weaker in the low strength range, but had similar strength in the high strength range. An investigation of the fracture surfaces in the SEM showed distinct differences in the fracture patterns for high and low strength fibers. Fracture mechanics were applied to estimate the original flaw size and relate the observed fracture mirror surface to the fiber strength. Based on the observation of surface flaws, a healing mechanism by the sizing is considered likely for this type of fiber and sizing, thereby effectively increasing the strength of the fiber in the presence of larger surface flaws.     

Effect of silane coupling agent on mechanical performance of glass fibre

Mechanical performance of commercially manufactured unsized and γ-aminopropylsilane sized boron-free E-glass fibres has been characterised using single-fibre tensile test. Both apparent fibre modulus and fibre strength were found to strongly depend on fibre gauge length. The average strength of sized fibres was found 40–80 % higher than unsized fibres at different gauge lengths. Weibull analysis suggested that the failure mode of unsized fibres could be described by unimodal Weibull distribution, whereas the strength distribution of sized fibres appeared to be controlled by two exclusive types of flaw population, types A and B. Comparison of the Weibull plots between unsized and sized fibres revealed that the strength of unsized fibres was likely to be dominated by type A flaws existing on the bare glass surface and type B flaws may be related to the defects on the glass surface coated with silane. This was partially supported by the observation of fractured cross-sectional area using SEM. It was, therefore, proposed that the strength difference between unsized and sized glass fibres may be more reasonably interpreted from the surface protection standpoint as opposed to the flaw healing effect. The results obtained from this study showed that silane coupling agent plays a critical role in the strength retention of commercially manufactured E-glass fibres and the silane effect on the fibre strength is also affected by the change in gauge length of the sample.     

Failure characteristics in carbon/epoxy composite tows

In this paper the failure mechanisms of unidirectional aligned carbon fibre/epoxy composites are investigated. Experimental results are presented for the strength of carbon/epoxy composite tows, as well as for single carbon fibres supplied in the sized and unsized condition. Laser Raman spectroscopy was used in this study to assess the effect of fibre breaks on the stress distribution within a composite. Fibre stress mapping of composite tows using laser Raman spectroscopy showed redistribution due to fibre failure and a value of the stress concentration factor, K_r, was obtained. The results were analysed using a Weibull distribution for the strength of the reinforcing fibres and composite.     

The effect of fibre sizing on fibres and bundle strength in hybrid glass carbon fibre composites

Tests have been carried out on single carbon fibres supplied in the sized and unsized conditions, as well as impregnated tows and tows in a glass–carbon fibre hybrid composite of the same fibre. The results were analysed using a Weibull distribution for the strengths of the reinforcing fibres and composites. The tensile strength of the single fibres appeared to be unaffected by the sizing of the filaments. In the case of the impregnated tows, an increase in characteristic strength of 7% was observed for the unsized fibres. The strength of the impregnated tows in hybrid composites was seen to be 15% higher than those tested in air. This can be attributed to the “hybrid effect”. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

碳纤维水性杂化上浆剂的制备及其上浆后力学性能

以一定比例的甲基三乙氧基硅烷、正硅酸乙酯、对甲苯磺酸、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、无水乙醇制备含硅溶胶,将含硅溶胶和聚醚型水性聚氨酯的水溶液以一定比例复合,制备碳纤维水性杂化上浆剂。研究了不同配比对上浆剂平均粒径和稳定性的影响,结果表明:当水性聚氨酯含量为0.02g/mL时,上浆剂乳液平均粒径为99.94nm,粒径分布较窄,稳定性较好;使用制备的杂化上浆剂对碳纤维进行上浆处理,结果显示:上浆后碳纤维单丝拉伸强度较商用碳纤维提高4.45%,较未上浆碳纤维提高11.04%;与环氧树脂复合后的复合材料界面剪切强度比商用碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的提高了13.74%。     

Effect of nano-SiO2 modified emulsion sizing on the interfacial adhesion of carbon fibers reinforced composites

The influence of nano-SiO₂ modified epoxy emulsion sizing on the interfacial adhesion properties of carbon fibers reinforced composites was investigated. The interfacial interaction between carbon fibers and the matrix was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three-point short-beam shear testing. The results showed that the amount of hydroxyl groups was slightly increased on the carbon fibers surface after treatment with nano-SiO₂ modified sizing. Compared to the unsized composites, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) values for the composites with unmodified sizing and nano-SiO₂ modified sizing were increased by 9% and 14%, respectively. The holes and carbon fibers pullout were not observed in their fracture sections. Surprisingly, the fracture section of the composites with nano-SiO₂ modified sizing was more compact and the fiber debonding was more difficult.     

炭纤维特性与炭纤维/环氧树脂界面断裂能关联分析

采用基于WND(Wagner-Nairn-Detassis)能量模型的单丝断裂法,测试了5种国产炭纤维、2种国外炭纤维与航空结构用环氧树脂复合体系的界面断裂能,通过SEM,AFM,IR以及XPS等手段分析了7种炭纤维的表面物理化学特性,并研究了炭纤维特性与界面断裂能的关联。结果表明:对于所研究的炭纤维/环氧树脂体系,去除炭纤维表面上浆剂后界面断裂能下降,说明上浆剂可以在一定程度上提高界面的韧性。此外,实验范围内,纤维拉伸强度较高时,测得的界面断裂能较高,炭纤维表面粗糙度较高时,测得界面断裂能较高,说明纤维拉伸性能和表面粗糙度对界面韧性有重要影响,而与这两种因素相比,上浆剂的种类影响相对较小。研究结果为高性能国产炭纤维的研发和炭纤维/树脂匹配性的评价提供了重要的实验数据。     

单丝断裂能量法研究温度对碳纤维/环氧界面性能的影响

针对两种不同上浆剂碳纤维/高温固化环氧树脂体系, 采用基于WND(Wagner-Nairn-Detassis)能量模型的单丝断裂法, 测试分析了从室温到130 ℃范围内单丝复合体系界面断裂能的变化规律, 研究了碳纤维上浆剂对界面耐热性能的影响, 并结合复合材料层板的短梁剪切性能, 分析了微观和宏观界面性能的关联性。结果表明: 在测试温度范围内, 碳纤维/环氧体系的界面断裂能随温度升高呈先下降而后基本不变的趋势, 去除上浆剂后界面断裂能及其随温度的变化程度与未去除上浆剂的情况存在差异, 说明上浆剂对界面耐热性有重要作用。碳纤维/环氧树脂层板层间剪切强度随温度升高线性下降, 与界面断裂能的变化规律不一致, 这与两种测试方法的原理及界面破坏位置的不同有关。      

熔融纺丝方法制备纳米碳管/聚丙烯复合纤维及其拉伸性能

采用传统的熔融纺丝技术大量制备了定向性良好的纳米碳管／聚丙烯复合纤维。扫描电镜观察证实了纳米碳管在纤维里的定向性以及分散性都得到了较大的改善。通过拉伸实验测试了纳米碳管／聚丙烯复合纤维的力学性能，采用weibull统计分析发现纳米碳管的添加显著提高了复合纤维的拉伸强度，当添加纳米碳管的质量分数达到3％时，纤维强度最高，达到61MPa，超过聚丙烯纤维强度120％。复合纤维拉伸断口的形貌特征也证实了纳米碳管添加对复合纤维拉伸性能影响存在临界现象。