家用燃气灶热效率测量及不确定度评定

按照GB16410-2007家用燃气灶热效率的测量原理和方法,对测量结果进行了不确定度评定,分析了各输入量对评定结果的影响情况。作为对比,分析了标准状态改变和按旧国标测量时的热效率不确定度。结果表明:铝锅修正系数、上下限锅正投影面积、试验气标态低热值和水的温升对家用灶热效率测量结果影响较大,影响程度依次降低。折算系数、测量时间和实验水量的测量不确定度可忽略不计。标准状态的改变对热效率测量结果不确定度评定的影响很小。相比旧国标,新国标测量结果具有更大的不确定度。     

研究探讨提高大气式家用燃气灶具热效率的方法

通过分析研究大气式家用燃气灶具热量的主要热传递方式,结合计算公式、测试数据和理论知识,探讨提高热效率的方法。     

"日有用得热量"测试探讨

目前在我国太阳热水系统市场上，水在玻璃管内的直插紧凑式仍然占据着主导地位，原因是它采用自然循环方式，结构简单，造价便宜，深受广大用户欢迎。对于这类全玻璃真空管家用太阳热水系统，在2003年10月1日国家质监总局发布的国标GB／T 19141-2003《家用太阳热水系统技术条件》中，规定了一个检验其热性能时的首选判定指标，这个指标合格后方可做进一步的全面检测。这个判定指标有3条：     

“病废老池”的改造

自国家标准局发布 GB4750～4752—84标准以来,农村家用水压式沼气池建设逐步向标准化、规范化发展。但国标发布前,各地已建了不少沼气池,当时无统一标准,池型结构五花八门,存在质量差、进出     

家用燃气快速热水器事故分析

介绍了一氧化碳中毒原因，家用燃气热水器事故处理程序，以及对家用燃气热水器典型事故进行了分析。     

家用太阳热水系统热性能测试标准浅析

目前,我国家用太阳热水系统标准主要有:GB/T18708-2002<家用太阳热水系统热性能测试方法>、GB/T19141-2003((家用太阳热水系统技术条件>.前者为测试方法标准,后者为产品标准.GB/T18708-2002等同于国际标准ISO9459-2,测试方法更具科学性.     

太阳热水器技术讲座(三)家用太阳热水器

太阳热水器(或称太阳热水装置)根据用途可分为家用热水器和太阳热水系统(或称太阳热水工程)。严格来说，应按国标GB／18713—2002规定来区分，即水箱容水量在0．6t以下的太阳热水器称之为家用太阳热水器．而水箱容量大于0．6t的太阳热水器称之为太阳热水系统。     

家用太阳热水系统标准探讨

家用太阳热水系统性能检测的国家标准主要有GB/T 18708-2002、GB/T 19141-2003,因测试目的不同,两个标准之间以及与其他各相关标准之间存在一些差异,针对热性能测量系数对各相关的国内外标准进行对比分析,对家用太阳热水系统某些参数测量提出改进建议。     

摩托车底盘测功机道路行驶阻力允差设定判据的分析

国标GB 14622-2002、GB 18176-2002中对底盘测功机阻力设定误差作了明确规定,给出了两种设定方法。为了判定哪种方法更加科学准确,在实际操作中是否便于操作,本文结合理论分析和数学推导得出结论,可将道路行驶阻力误差最大值不超过6N作为简明的依据。     

浅谈家用太阳热水器热性能测试

如何评价与检测家用太阳热水器的热性能呢？国家质量监督检验检疫总局于2002年4月28日发布了国标GB／T 18708—2002《家用太阳热水系统热性能试验方法》，通过此试验方法可得到太阳热水器能量输入一输出曲线图，它全面系统地反映了在不同的季节、不同的太阳辐照量条件下的太阳热水器能量输入一输出特性，实现了我国太阳热水器产品的热性能试验与国际接轨。     

国家标准《航空派生型燃气轮机成套设备的噪声值及测量》（GB／T10491）修订宣贯

本文介绍了国家标准《航空派生型燃气轮机成套设备的噪声值及测量）（GB／T10491）修订的必要性、修订的主要内容和依据。     

关于节能项目节能量确定方法的探讨

结合河北省中央财政奖励节能技术改造项目节能量核查工作,针对GB/T13234-2009《企业节能量计算方法》与《节能项目节能量审核指南》中节能量确定方法存在的差异进行对比分析,探讨了适用于初审及终审项目的节能量确定方法,并提出相关建议。     

主变压器消防细水雾灭火系统GB标准与NFPA标准的对比

消防规范要求一定容量的变压器应设置固定式灭火装置,其中细水雾灭火系统是经实践证明的一种有效措施.本文对我国现行标准GB 50898—2013《细水雾灭火系统技术规范》与美国国家消防协会标准NFPA 750—2015《Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems(细水雾灭火系统标准)》的内容进行对比,分析并阐述国内外标准的共同点和不同点,供电力工程主变消防设计人员参考.     

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuelled variable compression ratio engine

Experiments has been carried out to estimate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder; four stroke variable compression ratio multi fuel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil methyl ester and its blends with standard diesel. Tests has been conducted using the fuel blends of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% biodiesel with standard diesel, with an engine speed of 1500 rpm, fixed compression ratio 21 and at different loading conditions. The performance parameters elucidated includes brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, brake power, indicated mean effective pressure, mechanical efficiency and exhaust gas temperature. The exhaust gas emission is found to contain carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. The results of the experiment has been compared and analyzed with standard diesel and it confirms considerable improvement in the performance parameters as well as exhaust emissions. The blends when used as fuel results in the reduction of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide at the expense of nitrogen oxides emissions. It has found that the combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil methyl ester and its diesel blends closely followed those of standard diesel.     

Effect of air staging on fine particle,dust and gaseous emissions from masonry heaters

There is a need to decrease the detrimental particle and gaseous emissions from residential wood combustion appliances. One encouraging alternative is to stage the air supply which improves the combustion conditions in small appliances. In this study, two types of combustion technologies were studied in conventional masonry heaters (CMH) and modern masonry heaters (MMH). Air staging in the MMHs considerably reduced the particle and gas emissions. The greatest reduction was observed in gaseous and particulate organic emissions. Methane emissions were reduced by 74%–91% and carbon monoxide by 26%–81%. The reduction of fine particle mass (PM₁) was 14%–58%. Elemental carbon (EC, i.e. soot) emission increased in small combustion appliances but declined in large appliances. In addition, dust (TSP, Total Suspended Particulate matter i.e. Dust) emissions from hot flue gas were compared with the fine particle mass emissions from diluted sample. PM₁ emissions measured from diluted flue gas were 1.1–4.4-fold as compared to TSP collected from hot flue gas. This may be attributable to the fact that organic vapors partially had penetrated into the TSP filter in a gaseous form whereas when they were diluted, semivolatile species condensed on the particles. It can be concluded that air staging is an effective way to reduce gaseous and organic emissions from batch combustion appliances. Particle emission measured from diluted flue gas represents a more realistic results than TSP (hot sampling), because in dilution, also the organic fraction of the particle emissions is taken into account.     

Influence of hydrogen addition to pipeline natural gas on the combustion performance of a cooktop burner

Displacing pipeline natural gas with renewable hydrogen is a promising way to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, which is a major greenhouse gas. However, due to significantly differing characteristics of hydrogen and natural gas, such as flame speed, adiabatic flame temperature and stability limits, the combustion performance of hydrogen/natural gas mixture differs from pure natural gas. From the perspective of residential end users, a key question is: how much hydrogen can be injected into the pipeline natural gas without influencing the performance of the residential burners? A representative cooktop burner is selected to study the influence of hydrogen addition on the combustion and cooking performance. Flashback limits, ignition time, flame characteristics, cooking performance, combustion noise, burner temperature, and various emissions (NO, NO₂, N₂O, CO, unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), NH₃) are evaluated for different levels of hydrogen addition. According to the experimental results, the combustion performance of the cooktop burner is not significantly affected with up to about 15% hydrogen addition by volume, which shows the feasibility of utilizing hydrogen on existing cooking appliances without any modification. The experiment methodologies and results in this study will serve as a reference for future test and emission regulation standards on domestic burners.     

燃油锅炉热效率及影响因素分析

按照<工业锅炉热工性能试验规程>相关标准要求,对燃油锅炉的排烟温度、排烟处氧含量、排烟处RO2等相关参数进行了测试.测试结果表明:所测试燃油锅炉的热效率为84.15%～90.58%;燃油锅炉主要的热损失是排烟热损失,占总损失的84.73%～97.44%.最后通过影响因子多元回归模型分析得出影响燃油锅炉热效率的最主要影响...     

Design and performance evaluation of biogas stove for community cooking application

Matured biogas production technology has led to the development of a number of biogas appliances for lighting, power generation, and cooking. The most promising among them is the biogas stove, to meet the energy requirement for cooking application at domestic as well as at the community level. In this paper, an attempt has been made to design and develop a community biogas stove for baking chapatti (bread) or other food items on a hotplate for canteen or community purposes. The performance of the stove was evaluated by using a 25 m³ floating type biogas plant at Asha Dham Asharm, Udaipur, India. The gas consumption rating of the developed stove was 1 m³ (19 MJ/h) and the cooking efficiency of the stove was recorded to be about 43.96%.     

一氧化碳在循环流化床锅炉中的燃烧分析

介绍了一氧化面料在循环流化床（CFB）锅炉中燃烧的研究状况,结合已有的试验研究结果和CFB锅炉运行状况,对实际测量的一氧化碳浓度场分布进行了分析。简述了一氧化碳的燃烧对CFB锅炉的一些影响,通过分析一氧化碳燃烧对氧气浓度场的影响,增加氧气的后期混合有利于提高CFB锅炉的燃烧效率,图4参9