共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 389 毫秒
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将一维不定常流自模拟函数推广到一般形式,结合量纲理论和流体力学基本运动方程,导出总能量为常数情况下的理想气体一维不定常流自模拟运动基本微分方程组.该理论模型表明,由流体速率u和自模拟面速率r·〖DD)]组成一个无量纲特性参数L,用L作自变量时理想气体一维不定常流自模拟运动的规律具有常微分方程的最简数学形式.该模型克服了点爆炸Taylor自模拟温度函数原点附近趋于无穷大的问题,具有重要意义.
关键词:
理想气体
自模拟运动
Taylor模型 相似文献
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通过分析光阱中颗粒位移信号特性, 建立描述粒子受限布朗运动过程的自回归模型, 进而提出了一种基于自回归模型的光阱中颗粒运动信号模拟的新方法. 对半径为1 μm的粒子处于光阱刚度分别为10, 20, 50 pN/μm 光阱时的位移信号进行了模拟, 得到的模拟位移信号的自相关函数与理论值相一致. 为了进一步阐明自回归模型的有效性, 在相同光阱参数下, 分别采用自回归模型与蒙特卡罗方法模拟光阱中微粒的位移信号, 采用功率谱法分别对两种模拟方法所得的微粒位移标定光阱刚度, 结果表明自回归模型方法能够取得和蒙特卡洛法相同的精度. 因此, 本文为分析光阱中粒子的随机运动提出了一种新的模拟方法, 可以用来对光阱中的噪声及特性进行分析.
关键词:
光阱
布朗运动
信号模拟
自回归模型 相似文献
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通过引力作用下理想气体运动连续性方程的无量纲化,根据量纲理论Π定理,以尺度因子R(t)为物理量统一度量基准,发现了引力作用下理想气体宇宙模型的自相似性和一系列R(t)的解析解.基于R(t),可建立对应的、具有非欧氏几何特性的均匀膨胀时空坐标系S(t,ξ,θ,φ),并获得一个密度ρ为常数、速度u为零、压强p不为零的理想气体宇宙解.在这个解的形式中,光子红移量z所表现的是光子传播距离r,当红移量z较小时两者成正比(即哈勃定律).由均匀膨胀坐标系还可推导出Robertson-Walker度规(k=
关键词:
宇宙
自相似
哈勃定律 相似文献
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为揭示固壁表面颗粒的冲击波夹卷本质,模拟垂直于固壁表面的正冲击波后单个颗粒的上升运动。假定颗粒初始时刻处于气载状态(因波的反射或碰撞离开壁面),受Saffman升力、气动阻力和重力作用。模型方程为波后定常气流边界层方程和颗粒运动常微分方程,分别用单参数法和四阶龙格库塔法求解。计算颗粒速度与轨迹表明:颗粒的冲击波卷扬动力,源于边界层内强剪切流提供的Saffman力;在所考察的冲击波强度和颗粒尺寸范围内,颗粒的上升高度不依赖于冲击波强度;上升高度按颗粒尺寸变化,即尺寸越大,高度越大。比较分析单颗粒和颗粒层的结果,认为实验中颗粒云内大尺寸颗粒少的原因是由于这些颗粒不易从颗粒层中逸出。部分计算结果与实验结果较为符合,验证了所建模型与假设的合理性。 相似文献
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基于扩散磁共振成像的纤维追踪技术为非侵入性观测脑白质结构提供了有力的手段,约束球面反卷积作为一种多纤维追踪模型,能够对体素内纤维的方向信息进行建模,进而实现脑纤维的重构.针对约束球面反卷积模型的不适定性以及细节信息丢失问题,本文在约束球面反卷积的基础上,结合邻域信息和分数阶正则化,提出了一种基于非局部约束球面反卷积模型的确定型纤维追踪算法,分数阶的非局部特性使得纤维方向分布模型估计的误差更小,而邻域信息的引入保证了空间一致性,可以减少噪声的影响.分别利用模拟数据、人脑实际数据对本文算法及基于约束球面反卷积的确定型纤维追踪算法作对比实验,结果表明,利用本文算法追踪的纤维不仅整体视觉效果上较整洁,而且对交叉纤维的重建结果更完整准确. 相似文献
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Interaction of a strong converging shock wave with an SF6 gas bubble is studied, focusing on the effects of shock intensity and shock shape on interface evolution. Experimentally, the converging shock wave is generated by shock dynamics theory and the gas bubble is created by soap film technique. The post-shock flow field is captured by a schlieren photography combined with a high-speed video camera. Besides, a three-dimensional program is adopted to provide more details of flow field. After the strong converging shock wave impact, a wide and pronged outward jet, which differs from that in planar shock or weak converging shock condition, is derived from the downstream interface pole. This specific phenomenon is considered to be closely associated with shock intensity and shock curvature. Disturbed by the gas bubble, the converging shocks approaching the convergence center have polygonal shapes, and the relationship between shock intensity and shock radius verifies the applicability of polygonal converging shock theory. Subsequently, the motion of upstream point is discussed, and a modified nonlinear theory considering rarefaction wave and high amplitude effects is proposed. In addition, the effects of shock shape on interface morphology and interface scales are elucidated. These results indicate that the shape as well as shock strength plays an important role in interface evolution. 相似文献
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Interaction of a strong converging shock wave with an SF6 gas bubble is studied, focusing on the effects of shock intensity and shock shape on interface evolution. Experimentally, the converging shock wave is generated by shock dynamics theory and the gas bubble is created by soap film technique. The post-shock flow field is captured by a schlieren photography combined with a high-speed video camera. Besides, a three-dimensional program is adopted to provide more details of flow field. After the strong converging shock wave impact, a wide and pronged outward jet, which differs from that in planar shock or weak converging shock condition, is derived from the downstream interface pole. This specific phenomenon is considered to be closely associated with shock intensity and shock curvature. Disturbed by the gas bubble, the converging shocks approaching the convergence center have polygonal shapes, and the relationship between shock intensity and shock radius verifies the applicability of polygonal converging shock theory. Subsequently, the motion of upstream point is discussed, and a modified nonlinear theory considering rarefaction wave and high amplitude effects is proposed. In addition, the effects of shock shape on interface morphology and interface scales are elucidated. These results indicate that the shape as well as shock strength plays an important role in interface evolution. 相似文献
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The evolution of a spherical gaseous interface accelerated by a plane weak shock wave has been investigated in a square cross section shock tube via a multiple exposure shadowgraph diagnostic. Different gaseous bubbles, i.e., helium, nitrogen, and krypton, were introduced in air at atmospheric pressure in order to study the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in the spherical geometry for negative, close to zero, and positive initial density jumps across the interface. We show that the bubble distortion is strongly different for the three cases and we present the experimental velocity and volume of the developed vortical structures. We prove that at late times the bubble velocities reach constant values which are in good agreement with previous calculations. Finally, we point out that, in our flow conditions, the gaseous bubble motion and shape are mainly influenced by vorticity and aerodynamic forces. 相似文献
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Using the similarity and dimensional methods, dimensionless similarity invariants of shock wave similarity are determined, using which convergence laws of strong spherical and cylindrical shock waves in a constant-density gas are determined. 相似文献
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An integrated wave-effects model for an underwater explosion bubble 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
A model for a moderately deep underwater explosion bubble is developed that integrates the shock wave and oscillation phases of the motion. A hyperacoustic relationship is formulated that relates bubble volume acceleration to far-field pressure profile during the shock-wave phase, thereby providing initial conditions for the subsequent oscillation phase. For the latter, equations for bubble-surface response are derived that include wave effects in both the external liquid and the internal gas. The equations are then specialized to the case of a spherical bubble, and bubble-surface displacement histories are calculated for dilational and translational motion. Agreement between these histories and experimental data is found to be substantially better than that produced by previous models. 相似文献
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When a gas bubble in a liquid interacts with an acoustic wave near a solid surface, the bubble first expands and then collapses. In this paper, a mathematical framework combining the Gilmore model and the method of characteristics is presented to model the shock wave emitted at the end of the bubble collapse. It allows to describe the liquid velocity at the shock front as a function of the radial distance to the bubble center in the case of spherical bubble collapse. Numerical calculations of the liquid velocity at the shock front have shown that this velocity increases with the acoustic amplitude and goes through a maximum as a function of the initial bubble radius. Calculations for different gas state equations inside the bubble show that the Van der Waals law predicts a slightly higher liquid velocity at the shock front than when considering a perfect gas law. Finally, decreasing the value of the surface tension at the bubble/liquid interface results in an increase of the liquid velocity at the shock front. Our calculations indicate that the strength of the shock waves emitted upon spherical bubble collapse can cause delamination of typical device structures used in microelectronics. 相似文献
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Shock waves were explored in the thermoacoustic spontaneous gas oscillations occurring in a gas column with a steep temperature gradient. The results show that a periodic shock occurs in the traveling wave mode in a looped tube but not in the standing wave mode in a resonator. Measurements of the harmonic components of the acoustic intensity reveal a clear difference between them. The temperature gradient acts as an acoustic energy source for the harmonic components of the shock wave in the traveling wave mode but as an acoustic energy sink of the second harmonic in the standing wave mode. 相似文献
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P. A. Voinovich M. O. Mdivnishvili M. I. Taktakishvili I. V. Sokolov 《Technical Physics》1999,44(3):272-279
Experimental, numerical, and theoretical investigations are made of a gas flow generated by a pulsed high-current discharge
in an axisymmetric cavity bounded by a spherical lens adjacent to a flat plate. It is shown that the shock wave forming in
the discharge and converging toward the axis is accelerated and amplified as it converges. The amplitude of the shock wave
increases faster than does that of a spherical converging shock wave.
Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 10–18 (March 1999) 相似文献
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4 m/s, shows the development of a shock wave in its front, resulting from the interaction between the species released from
the target and the background gas. The water vapor slows down this component up to values of about 3×103 m/s following a behavior that can be well described by the dynamics of a spherical shock wave. The low intensity of emission
of the second component has not allowed us to analyze its dynamics. The third and slowest component expands at a constant
velocity of 5×102 m/s and is constituted by hot particulates leaving the target. Spectra recorded in the shock front have shown the presence
of emission lines arising from Ca I, Ca II, P I and some impurities, and two strong emission bands that can be assigned to
some sort of calcium oxide.
Received: 7 November 1997/Accepted: 17 February 1998 相似文献