企业边界的确定：一个人力资本角度的假说

可以采取交易成本和规模经济之外的思路理解企业规模边界的决定这一问题。资本的异质性及人力资本的特殊的资产专用性决定了物质资本对人力资本的边际技术替代率达到某一阈值之后会趋向无穷大。由于团队成员面临集体行动的逻辑所导致的问题和出于对"亚当斯公平"追求的心理而竞相采取报复性偷懒的策略,致使大集团趺入"低效陷阱"。企业边界不会无限膨胀,企业存在合理性或者效率边界,企业的边界根本地是由具有专用性的耐用人力资本的均衡存量来决定的。     

SonicWALL结盟金山顶尖助力能源行业网络安全

目前,国内企业已经普遍认识到移动技术是一把＂双刃剑＂,它在为企业发展带来众多便利和收益的同时,对企业的灾难预防系统以及移动环境安全带来了更多的挑战,因此,SSL VPN远程安全控制解决方案已经成为大企业基础架构的重要组成部分。石油行业作为国家支柱产业,在信息安全建设工程实施上一直走在前列,而石油行业本身存在的生产、销售、管理较为分散的特性,也成为该行业信息安全建设中的特殊挑战。随着石油行业成品油零售系统电子化的进展,在大大提高加油站运营效率和服务水平的同时,随之而来的远程访问的安全隐患亟待解决。IT必须提供安全的远程访问,     

企业愈大,愈难变革

在这个变幻莫测的年代,庞大的规模会在很大程度上导致组织的僵化、自负、特权阶级和其他损害公司的不良问题,看看周围这些大企业的残骸,如AIG、通用汽车、美林证券、花旗银行等。重新定位需要一定程度的灵活性,而规模却使企业很难具有这种灵活性,甚至会让企业完全失去灵活性。     

考虑不同节点行为要素特征的供应链演化规律研究

为研究供应链的实际演化规律,以复杂网络理论中的多局域世界模型为原型,提出了一种包含局域性节点与全局性节点且反映多种供应链行为要素的供应链网络演化模型。该模型验证了在自然演化情况下,现实供应链网络均具有一定的幂律性;通过算例对比分析说明,该模型相较现有文献中的演化网络能更好地模拟现实的供应链网络。研究表明,在供应链的自然演化过程中,网络的连通性和传输效率不断增强,由于新节点企业多与较大规模的企业合作而忽略了其他企业,其节点间紧密程度降低;企业与供应链网络的紧密度逐步发展到一定的程度将趋于稳定,大规模企业的发展速度先增加后放缓,各规模节点发展速度在中后期保持稳定。     

论企业从“做大做强”到“做好做强”的战略转型

大企业具备标准化的规模生产、巨型企业的威慑性和垄断性、职业经理团队和规模不经济现象的特点,而小企业具有组织分 工的模糊性和高效性、产品生产的个性化和灵活性,以及技术范式的敏感性和革命性等特点,因此,现代企业战略观念正在从追求 “做大做强”到“做好做强”的战略转型,在今天企业一味地追求成为行业最大的企业已经变得不切实际,忽视核心竞争力的培养和 对顾客需求的满足往往会给企业发展带来灾难性后果,因此,许多企业追求最大的观念必须被抛弃,而追求成为行业内的最好最 强,比较切实可行,更有利于企业的长远发展。     

基于层次化目录服务的网格资源监控系统

在现有网格监控系统中,单个目录服务因存储数据量过大而导致查询效率低下,而采用分布式的目录结构又会使系统相对比较松散。该文提出一种按域划分基础上的分层目录服务体系结构。实验证明,在大规模的应用中,该系统的效率优于传统的单个目录服务的监控系统,符合网格环境的特点。该系统以域为单位进行网格节点的信息组织,符合单位或机构的管理模式,具有较强的可扩展性。     

大规模定制下管理软件企业发展的对策研究

大规模定制既能满足用户需求的个性化和多样化,又能以大批量的效率和成本组织生产,已被越来越多的企业所采用。依据大规模定制的思想,结合管理软件行业的特点,对该行业如何发展提出若干对策。     

三星高效数码打印机

凡具有一定规模,或是行业内发展迅速的大中型企业,在办公上都有着许多共同点:办公环境大,工作人员多,办公打印量大,在这个已经离不开办公打印的商务时代,这样的企业若想真正提高办公效率,除了要具备成熟完善的工作制度以外,配备一台经济高效且性能稳定的打印设备是必不可少的。     

基于区块链技术的碳排放机制设计

作为全球第二大碳交易体系,我国目前有七个试点碳市场,而试点碳市场之间各自独立运行造成信息不对称,不利于为全国范围内统一碳市场建立协同。碳排放流程的五大环节中若出现企业碳排放数据造假等将不利于地方政府掌握地方企业的真实数据、建立碳信息披露制度。如果政府给企业的配额分配不当,也将会在一定程度上造成市场的扭曲,最后导致企业集体不合作或者形成黑市经济。碳交易中信任机制缺乏、信息不对称拖慢了碳交易效率,提高了交易成本。针对上述碳排放环节中的痛点问题,文章采用具有公开透明、可追溯、可共享的优点的区块链技术,利用共识机制和智能合约,建设了数据共享平台,建立起碳生态系统的协同和信任机制,实现碳交易的可追溯、可共享,提高交易效率,降低交易成本,为全国范围内统一碳市场做好准备工作。     

管理控制论在协作绩效分析中应用研究

研究在环境不确定条件下,企业间协作以及组织间信息系统匹配度对企业间协作绩效影响的问题.以管理控制论为理论基础,以制造行业企业间协作问题为研究对象,应用必要的变数定律及活性系统模型,对汽车制造企业进行了实证分析.研究结果表明,环境不确定性、企业间协作以及信息系统交互影响对企业间协作绩效影响显著;在环境不确定性强的条件下,采用紧密协作及频繁使用组织间信息系统支持的方式协作绩效好;初步证实了管理控制论可作为组织管理研究领域中应用的理论基础.对企业所面临的组织环境不确定性条件下企业间协作问题,以及信息系统应用也具有一定的指导意义.     

基于agent的建筑工人流动行为仿真及其对行业的影响

建筑工人的频繁流动行为影响到建筑业产业结构升级及可持续发展.将社会网络理论与博弈论相结合,建立建筑工人的社会关系网络和博弈关系网络双层平行联动网络,构建既能反映建筑劳务市场中个体的行为选择过程又能涵盖劳务组织中的关系结构网络的多智能体仿真模型,运用仿真软件进行仿真实验,从社会关系和博弈关系视角揭示建筑工人流动行为发生过程及其对行业技能水平、劳动力成本、劳动关系和社会关系的影响.结果表明,建筑工人频繁的流动不利于行业技术水平的提高,并会导致企业用工成本增加、雇佣关系恶化、工人间关系弱化等问题.建立有效的培训制度、企业实施技术奖励措施和完善市场保险保障体制,可缓解建筑工人频繁的流动,从而降低其不利影响.     

The effect of gender and Internet usage on physical and cyber interpersonal relationships

The effect of Internet usage on interpersonal relationship has attracted researchers for decades. Much research indicated that the Internet usage is harmful to the interpersonal relationship. Yet with the quick evolution of Internet functions, Internet provides more channels in latest years for conducting interpersonal interactions, which makes researchers argue that Internet usage can enhance interpersonal relationships. In sum, the past research findings were inconsistent. To explain the contradiction, this study explored the effect on the interpersonal relationships in terms of peer, parent–child, teacher–student, and net-friend from the gender difference and various Internet usage perspectives. Data were gathered from 444 college students for structural equation modeling analysis. The results of this study revealed that Internet usage on social interaction and information seeking can positively affect all kinds of interpersonal relationships. Online game playing can enhance net-friend relationship, but is harmful to teacher–student relationship. Surprisingly, video watching can positively affect peer and parent–child relationships. Besides, through the intermediation of higher game playing, males have lower extent of teacher–student relationship and higher level of net-friend relationship. Contrarily, through the intermediation of lower video watching, males have lower extent of peer relationship and parent–child relationship. This proposed model may more clarify the association of Internet usage and interpersonal relationship than past research.     

基于社会网络与信誉的C2C信任评价模型

将概率论和社会网络理论应用到信任传递以及多信任路径建模中,针对C2C交易平台实际的商业网络特征,提出基于社会网络与信誉的C2C信任评价模型。引入相似度计算建立簇与簇之间的关联,以解决C2C交易网络存在的买卖分工明确、稀疏性、聚簇问题。对淘宝网C2C交易平台数据的分析表明,该模型对淘宝网现有信誉机制具有较好的改进和补充作用,更符合现实生活中人与人之间的信任和推荐关系。     

基于数据影响的业务流程一致性检查方法

近年来,业务流程的精确管理受到越来越多的关注,作为业务流程管理内容之一的一致性检查技术正变得越来越重要。现有的一致性检查技术主要从模型的控制流角度出发,并未考虑业务流程中的数据或数据的变化对业务流程产生的影响,为此提出了一种基于数据影响的业务流程一致性检查方法。首先,通过业务流程建模符号（business process modeling notation,BPMN）模型中数据和行为之间的依赖关系来分析数据对偏差活动预期行为的影响,进而获取偏差活动的预期行为集;其次,通过在BPMN模型中引入决策模型和符号（decision model and notation,DMN）决策表来充分捕获当前实例执行的数据上下文与行为上下文之间的关系,以区分有效数据更改和异常数据更改,找到偏差活动的有效预期行为集。最后,通过设计数据对偏差活动影响的各类成本函数提出了有效一致性检查方法。实验结果表明,相比已有工作,该方法在进行业务流程一致性检查时提高了业务流程的一致性,可以成功捕获偏差活动作出反应的适应行为,使得业务流程在复杂多变的环境下表现得更加准确、合理。     

Does model consistency in business model innovation matter? A contingency‐based approach

Successful business model innovation requires managers to come up not only with new, but also with viable business models. To this end, it has been argued that business model consistency plays a vital role, as the internal fit of business model elements can generate reinforcing effects, thereby influencing performance and competitive advantage. Little research has been conducted to measure consistency and confirm these effects, especially within business model innovation. We tackle this issue by developing and testing a measurement of business model consistency, and investigate its relationship with business model innovation and its performance. We find evidence supporting the positive effect of consistency on innovation performance. We contribute to extant research by developing a concept and measurement for business model consistency based on contingency theory and empirically verifying it. Our findings underline that managers should pay close attention to the consistency of their business model designs during business model innovation.     

Human‐knowledge resources and interorganisational systems

This paper analyses how human‐knowledge resources affect interorganisational systems (IOS) capabilities and subsequently attainment of operational and strategic benefits. A conceptual model is constructed combining the transaction cost economics (TCE) view, resource‐based view (RBV) and insights from IOS literature. The model is tested through a triangulation approach combining two qualitative case studies and a quantitative field study within the logistics sector. This sector is chosen due to its need for high reliance on information technology. The findings indicate that human knowledge positively influences IOS capabilities related to cross‐organisational business processes and transfer of knowledge. Findings also show that strategic benefits are the consequence of knowledge transfer, when the transfer supports business processes resulting in operational benefits. The main theoretical contribution of this paper is that it combines a TCE view and RBV to analyse the effect of relationship‐specificity of human‐based knowledge resources in IOS.     

Explaining the Relationship between Internet Use and Interpersonal Trust: Taking into Account Motivation and Information Overload

Although a growing body of empirical research has assessed the relationship between Internet use and social capital, little is known about what mechanisms underlie this relationship. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by articulating and testing a multi-step model specific to the development of interpersonal trust, a critical component of social capital. In considering the influence of Internet use on interpersonal trust, this model takes into account motivation and information overload. Structural equation modeling was used to test the model with data from the 2006 Gadgets Survey of the Pew Internet & American Life Project. This analysis indicates that the effects of social resource motivation for Internet use on interpersonal trust were mediated by Internet use and perceived information overload. In addition, Internet use inversely influenced perceived information overload, Internet use influenced interpersonal trust, and perceived information overload inversely influenced interpersonal trust. These findings are considered in reference to previous literature on Internet effects, uses and gratifications, information processing, and the cognitive mediation model.     

基于人际关系的传染病传播仿真模型研究

通过建立一种基于人际关系的传染病传播仿真模型对传染病传播过程以及预测在相关防控措施下疫情发展的趋势进行研究。基于人际关系描述个体间的接触与交互,以个体为单位建立仿真模型,根据中国卫健委平台收集武汉地区COVID-19疫情的初期数据调整模型参数,估算基本再生数（R0）验证模型,并模拟不同疫情防控手段的场景,探讨不同干预措施下疫情传播的趋势。建立的基于人际关系的传染病传播模型首先模拟了武汉疫情初期的传播过程,估算武汉封城前COVID-19的R0;然后对扬州疫情发展趋势进行了初步预测,发现疫情已进入可控阶段。通过探讨在人口密集接触场所（以学校为例）中不同的干预措施对疫情发展的影响,针对学生秋季开学提出相关防控意见,讨论了个体在社交接触网络中的社交移动距离对疫情传播的影响。     

面向航空自组网的节点失效波及影响分析模型

为有效分析航空自组网(AANET)中节点失效对整个网络造成的影响,并提高网络在发生安全事件之后的稳定性,提出一种面向AANET的节点失效波及影响分析模型.首先,根据AANET的主要业务建立有向加权业务网络,基于实时AANET建立以各类航空器为节点的无向加权物理网络,并通过业务?物理网络映射关系建立相依网络模型;其次,提...     

Empathy and online interpersonal trust: A fragile relationship

The rapid growth of personal email communication, instant messaging and online communities has brought attention to the important role of interpersonal trust in online communication. An empirical study was conducted focusing on the effect of empathy on online interpersonal trust in textual IM. To be more specific, the relationship between empathic accuracy, response type and online interpersonal trust was investigated. The result suggests both empathic accuracy and response type have significant influence on online interpersonal trust. The interaction between empathic accuracy and response type also significantly influences online trust. Interestingly, the results imply a relationship between daily trust attitude and online interpersonal trust. People who are more trusting in their daily life may experience more difficulty in developing trust online. There is also some evidence to suggest that different communication scenarios may have an influence on online trust.