老年人皮层下动脉硬化性脑病的CT诊断及临床表现

笔者分析了１２０例老年人皮层下动脉硬伦性脑病（ＳＡＥ）的ＣＴ所见及临床表现。笔者认为高血压病、动脉硬化、老年性病呆、糖尿病等常为本病的临床所见。双侧脑室周围白质对称性分布呈低密度区，无占位效应，一般呈现多发性腔隙性梗塞和脑萎缩为本病的ＣＴ特征。     

妊娠期脑积水畸形的宫内CT诊断

本文报告了４例在妊娠期间ＣＴ检查出来脑积水畸形病例，ＣＴ表现为幕上大片低密度区域，基底节和部分枕叶地结构完整，幕上脑室系统消失，脑组织形状结构不规则，大脑镰结构完整。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的CT诊断分析

本文报告了有完整资料的新生儿缺血性脑病１００例，就其发病机制，ＣＴ表现特点及其两者的关系进行分析，讨论详细叙述了新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病ＣＴ图像上的一个直接征 和三个间接发征象。并将本病分为四级，作者认为ＣＴ应作为本病的首选检查。     

腔隙性脑梗塞的CT诊断及临床特点

本文回顾性分析了１２０例脑腔隙性梗塞的ＣＴ诊断及临床特点,认为梗塞病灶可被清晰、准确的发现。有助于临床的定性分析,为治疗提供了依据。ＣＴ是目前诊断脑腔隙性梗塞的最有效的检查手段。     

新生儿头部CT检查261例分析

笔者报道应用ＣＴ扫描对２６１例围产期窒息儿进行头部扫描，发现有二种颅内病变；颅内出血和脑缺氧缺血性脑病共２３０例，其阳性率为８８．１％，就其ＣＴ表现，病理基础及脑损伤程度与预后关系进行论述。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病临床分度和CT表现的对照研讨

目的：探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）临床CT表现和分度的关系。方法：对85例缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿的临床资料及CT征象进行回顾性分析。结果：根据HIE的临床诊断标准,轻度26例,中度38例,重度21例。颅脑CT显示全部85例均具有脑内异常密度减低区,CT值约6～18Hu（平均11Hu）;合并颅内高密出血（52例）,CT值约58～85Hu。依据新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的CT诊断标准：轻度26例,中度38例及重度21例。48例进行了CT复查。其中19例轻度患儿脑水肿均在11天内消失而恢复正常;12例中度病例中,脑水肿征象有不同程度的减轻或消失,蛛网膜下腔出血已吸收,1例出现硬膜下少量积液;17例重度患者,其中出现脑软化6例,硬膜下积液3例,脑萎缩3例,脑积水2例,脑内钙化灶2例,脑穿通畸形1例,死亡4例。结论：本组资料新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病临床诊断分度与CT诊断分度有着很好的一致性。颅脑CT能准确显示HIE患儿脑内病变的部位、范围和程度。CT复查能显示患儿脑内病灶的恢复及遗留病变。颅脑CT表现结合临床分度能对本病的进行早诊断、早干预,减少脑损伤后遗症的发生,有着极其重要的价值。     

CT在脑血管病急性期定性诊断中的应用

本文应用ＣＴ对４２例脑血管病急性期病人进行检查，结果表明：ＣＴ在脑血管病急性期定性诊断中具有首选价值．尤其对出血性脑血管病最为实用，对超早期缺血性脑血管病虽然不如ＭＲＩ敏感，但应用ＣＴ动感观察可以弥补这方面的不足，这对无设备的单位更为重要，ＤＳＡ对脑动脉瘤、脑动静脉畸型、脑血管狭窄的诊断较特异。     

青壮年人脑囊虫病CT与临床表现对照研究

本文收集了总结了４０例脑囊虫病的临床资料，并对其ＣＴ表现及病理进行了对照分析，其中脑实型１６例，脑膜型４例，脑室型２例，混合型１８例。作者认为ＣＴ诊断脑事虫病具有很大的特征性：（１）低密度囊状病灶，（２）高密度点状或结节状病灶（３）低密度囊状病灶壁有点状结节状高密度影。ＣＴ检查在显示脑囊虫的数目，位置及分型方面明显优于其它检查。     

脑血管畸形的影像诊断（附11例分析）

磁共振成像（简称ＭＲＩ）的临床应用为脑部血管异常的检查提供了一种无创伤手段。本文观察了１１例脑血管畸形的ＭＲＩ表现，６例有ＣＴ对照资料，４例有血管造影资料，８例手术证实。ＭＲＩ结果表明：畸形血管常呈线条状迂曲的低信号或无信号影，如果与畸形血管呈垂直切层时常呈点状和蜂房状低信号影或无信号影．在检测畸形血管钙化中，ＣＴ优于ＭＲＩ，而在检测后颅凹血管畸形中ＭＲＩ优于ＣＴ。而在检测后颅四血管畸形中ＭＲＩ优于ＣＴ。血管造影虽是有创检查，但对于观察畸形血管的全貌非常有用，目前仍是一种不可缺少的检查手段．     

颅脑肿瘤三维CT的临床应用

本文通过对９３例颅脑肿瘤病人的三维ＣＴ（３ＤＣＴ）研究，发现①３ＤＣＴ能生动地显示肿瘤的大小、形态、位置及与周围大血管、脑室、小脑幕及大脑镰的立体解剖关系，②能各角度旋转及切割观察，并可进行解剖测量。本文还就其优越性及限度做了探讨。     

酒依赖致慢性酒精中毒性脑病的临床及CT/MRI分析

目的:分析酒依赖致慢性酒精中毒性脑病(CAE)的临床及CT/MRI影像表现特征,探讨CT/MRI在该病临床诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析32例资料完整CAE患者的临床及CT/MRI影像学资料,总结其影像学表现特征。结果:CAE临床表现主要为不同程度的神经系统损害(尤为中枢神经系统)和精神障碍,其颅脑损害CT/MRI主要表现为:脑萎缩27例;脑梗塞7例;白质脱髓鞘18例;韦尼克脑病3例;胼胝体变性1例;多病变并存24例。结论:①CAE的病理机制为饮酒导致的脑血管损害和营养代谢障碍,以及脑组织缺血缺氧、神经纤维脱髓鞘改变;②CAE影像学表现有其特征性,尤以小脑蚓部萎缩以及韦尼克脑病、胼胝体变性更具特征性,CT/MRI检查对了解脑损害的性质、范围及程度有重要意义,可为临床诊断、治疗及评估预后提供依据。     

Overbank sand deposition in relation to transport volumes during large-magnitude floods in the Dutch sand-bed Rhine river system

Using aerial photographs and field measurements, sandy overbank deposits formed by the large-magnitude floods of 1993/94 and 1995 were quantified along two branches of the Dutch Rhine river system: the Waal (1993/94 and 1995) and the IJssel (1995). These deposits were laid down intermittently all along the length of these rivers on the top and landward slope of the natural levees, and covered about 4 per cent of the embanked floodplain on the Waal and about 1 per cent on the IJssel. The overbanks and transport mechanism is basically convective by nature. The spatial variability of overbank sedimentation points to the important role played by helicoidal currents in determining overbank deposition. The presence of embankments and training works appears to influence the sand transport to and morphological development of the floodplains along the Dutch Rhine river system. Overbank deposition volumes about equal present estimates of sand transport during a large-magnitude flood. It appears that studies on sand transport in the Dutch Rhine carried out so far underestimate sand transport during floods. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同年龄段脑梗死的CT影像表现及临床意义

目的:分析不同年龄段脑梗死的临床特点,并评估CT诊断对临床病情、临床治疗及临床特点的影响。方法:选择我院2016年5月~2017年5月收治的62例脑梗死患者作为研究对象,将62例患者按年龄分为老年组（≥ 65岁,37例）和中年组（<65岁,25例）,分析两组患者的临床表现和CISS分型的差异,并通过CT头颅平扫总结脑梗死患者CT影像表现特征,此后对所有患者均使用静脉溶栓进行治疗,随访3月通过GOS评分统计治疗后的临床疗效。结果:老年组与中年组CISS分型中LAA、CS、PAD、OE比较,均无统计学差异（P>0.05）,老年组UE比率明显高于中年组（P<0.05）,62例患者以LAA、UE型较为多见,中年组头痛头晕人数明显高于老年组,而老年组偏瘫、意识障碍、大小便失禁者明显高于中年组（P<0.05）,62例患者多表现为头痛、头晕、呕吐、偏瘫及意识障碍,CT扫描276处病灶,其中46例腔隙性脑梗死,16例多发性脑梗死,其中17例病变位置在小脑,20例在皮质,14例在脑干,11例在基底区,溶栓治疗3个月后随访GOS评分结果显示20例5级,26例4级,12例3级,2例2级（持续性植物状态）,1例1级（死亡）。结论:不同年龄段的脑梗死在临床特点上差异显著,老年患者UE分型更多,发生偏瘫、大小便失禁、意识障碍的可能性更大,中年患者临床多见头痛,静脉溶栓治疗脑梗死患者预后较好,此外CT诊断对临床病情、临床治疗及临床特点的分析均可提供一定的依据。      

高分辨率CT(HRCT)扫描在腔隙梗塞中的诊断作用

目的．应用高分辨率ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）扫描方法,增加对头颅腔隙梗塞诊断的可靠性．材料和方法：对临床疑有腔隙的病人在基底节区及可疑部位加用ＨＲＣＴ扫描,遇到腔隙病灶与像素颗粒难以区分时,在相同层面或上下１～２ｍｍ处做ＨＲＣＴ扫描．结果：有２０８例常规ＣＴ正常的病例中发现了腔隙灶,在遇到的３２０例不易诊断的可疑病灶中,经ＨＲＣＴ确诊的真正腔隙灶８９例,伪腔隙（像素）２３１例,同时发现对正常腔组织结构的显示要较常规ＣＴ优越得多,结论：ＨＲＣＴ不仅能提高腔隙梗塞的诊断率,还能辨别伪腔隙是弥补常规ＣＴ对腔隙诊断不足的较好手段。     

急性双侧中线旁丘脑梗死综合征的影像学表现

目的:分析急性双侧中线旁丘脑梗死综合征的影像学表现特点。方法:回顾性分析我院2014年10月2017年1月经临床证实的8例急性双侧中线旁丘脑梗死综合征患者的临床和影像学资料。全部患者均于发病24 h内完成首次颅脑CT检查,5 d内完成首次颅脑MRI检查,3例有MRA检查资料。结果:首次CT检查病灶不明显3例,4例双侧中线旁丘脑可疑或小灶性低密度灶,1例双侧中线旁丘脑明确的较为对称性低密度灶。MRI均显示双侧中线旁丘脑较为对称性分布的蝶形T1WI低或略低、T2WI高或略高信号、FLAIR高或略高信号及DWI上为高信号、ADC低信号,其中以DWI高信号为特征。影像学随访中病灶进展4例。4例病程中可见中脑“V”字型梗死。3例MRA均可见单侧或双侧大脑后动脉及其分支狭窄。结论:影像学检查手段尤其是MRI,对急性双侧中线旁丘脑梗死综合征的早期诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。      

周围型肺错构瘤的多层螺旋CT表现

目的:探讨肺错构瘤的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现,以提高CT诊断水平.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的32例肺错构瘤的MSCT平扫及22例MSCT动态增强扫描的特点.结果:MSCT上所有结节边缘光滑.结节内含有脂肪密度(无钙化)的12例,占37.5%,既有脂肪又有钙化的8例,占25.0%,只有钙化的2例,占6.3%.增强扫描(22例)强化值<20HU的20例,占90.9%,强化形态呈间隔状强化16例,占72.7%.结论:肺错构瘤的MSCT表现有一定的特征性,边缘光滑、结节内含有脂肪和钙化有助于诊断,动态MSCT增强扫描有助于与周围型肺癌的鉴别诊断.     

Runoff‐induced sediment yield over dune slopes in the Negev Desert. 2: Texture,carbonate and organic matter

Runoff‐induced sediments were collected in the Hallamish dune field for four years (1990–1994). Runoff and consequently water‐transported sediments were generated on the dunes owing to the presence of a thin microbiotic crust. These sediments were analysed for their particle‐size distribution and carbonate content. In addition, the organic matter content was calculated by measuring the chlorophyll content within the runoff. The results were compared to the slope parent material, i.e. the crust and the underlying sand, as well as to playa sediments, which are scattered within the Hallamish interdunal areas, and which were previously hypothesized to originate from runoff‐induced sediments. Higher amounts of fines (silt and clay) and carbonate characterize the footslopes in comparison to the midslopes. Intermediate contents of fines (17 per cent) and carbonate (8 per cent) characterized the sediments in comparison to the fines (27 per cent) and carbonate (15 per cent) of the crust and to the fines (4 per cent) and carbonate (4 per cent) of the underlying sand. The runoff‐induced fines and carbonate contents were significantly different from those of the playas, suggesting that the playa flats do not originate from runoff‐induced sediments. The sediments were enriched with organic matter. Organic matter which originates from the crust amounted to 0·3–0·4 per cent as compared to ≤0·1 per cent in the bare sand. Nevertheless, the crust was found to be relatively resilient to water flow. Only 0·1–0·5 per cent of the crust was annually eroded off the slope by water, with south‐facing crusts showing higher resilience than north‐facing crusts. The data may thus assist in the evaluation of the crust's residence time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

哈萨克斯坦扎尔干特-阿拉善30号井前兆异常特征

介绍了哈萨克斯坦扎尔干特阿拉善30号井的水文地球化学环境,对其15年来的交换资料进行了初步的统计与分析。结果表明,在震中距为300 km、400 km范围内,5级、6级地震的异常项目比例分别可达55.6%、61.1%,而7级大震(或6级震群)远兆的异常比例仅为16.7%。且在异常时间、异常形态上,5级、6级和7级地震(或6级震群)各有其特点和差异。     

甲状腺癌和腺瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

本文分析了２３例甲状腺癌和腺瘤的ＣＴ表现，讨论了ＣＴ诊断和鉴别诊断，甲状腺癌呈分界不清的软组织密度包块，密度不均匀，甲状腺腺瘤要据其ＣＴ表现为二个类型：（１）囊性型，（２）实质型。甲状腺癌和囊性型腺瘤鉴别不难，但是在实质型腺瘤的ＣＴ表现相类似，有时鉴别诊断困难。     

III: Methods of correcting for systematic errors in atmospheric precipitation measurements in Czechoslovakia

The methods of correcting for systematic errors in precipitation measurements using the Czechoslovak gauge METRA 886 are presented. This gauge has an orifice area of 500 cm² and is elevated 1 m above the ground. The wetting correction amounts to 0.1–0.2 mm per measurement. The evaporation correction ranges from 3 per cent in frost-free periods to 10 per cent in frost periods. The wind-induced correction amounts to 5 per cent for rain and 45 per cent for snow. The total sum of corrections on average 10–15 per cent per year in lower localities.