毛里培尼亚保盖凯地小学生埃及血吸虫感染调查

埃及血吸虫病在毛里塔尼亚流行比较广泛,对人民健康威胁很大,为了解其感染情况,我们于2002年10月27日至11月7日,在保盖、凯地两地小学生中开展了埃及血吸虫病调查,现报告如下。1材料与方法1.1样本采集毛里塔尼亚保盖、凯地各小学校学生尿液,随机抽样调查850人。1.2方法1.2.1病原学诊断将尿样放入离心管内适量,离心1000~1500r/min,3~5min弃去尿液,取底部沉淀物0.3~0.5ml,涂于载玻片上低倍镜下观察[1],查到埃及血吸虫卵为诊断依据。1.2.2血尿检测将试纸条放入尿样离心管内,检测尿液中是否存在血尿,1min后观察结果[2]。2结果共调查两地小学生85…     

坦桑尼亚摩省明都学校血吸虫病流行特点分析

阐明坦桑尼I明都地区曼氏血吸虫病和埃及血吸虫病感染特性，为该地区防治工作提供科学的依据。方法1995年11月我们对坦桑尼亚摩省明都小学241名6～18岁的学生进行了粪检和尿检，结果曼氏血吸虫病的感染率为80．5％．埃及血吸虫病的感染率为50．9％。其中粪检和尿检两项阳性者占39．7％，两相阴性者只占8．5％，粪检阳性尿检阴性者占40．6％和尿检阳性粪检阴性者占11．2％。结论曼氏血吸虫病感染率女性略高于男性，而埃及血吸虫病感染率则男性高于女性，感染率和感染度基本上一致。     

非洲输入性血吸虫病诊治要点

本文就非洲输入性血吸虫病临床诊治进行归纳和总结,旨在制定非洲输入性血吸虫病诊疗标准。非洲输入性血吸虫病在我国主要为埃及和曼氏血吸虫病。为规范非洲输入性血吸虫病临床诊疗,提高诊断率和治愈率、减少并发症,我们检索了相关文献,结合湖南省诊疗经验,重点概括了埃及和曼氏血吸虫病的致病机制、临床诊断与治疗要点,供临床医务人员参考。     

胶体染料试纸条试剂盒检测曼氏血吸虫病的初步研究

目的探索日本血吸虫胶体染料试纸条试剂盒(DDIA)用于检测曼氏血吸虫病的可行性。方法采用日本血吸虫DDIA检测从埃及尼罗河地区曼氏血吸虫病流行区采集的曼氏血吸虫病人血清及当地健康人血清。结果34份曼氏血吸虫病人血清DDIA均呈阳性,14份当地健康者血清均为阴性。与用曼氏血吸虫IHA和ELISA法检测结果相同。结论日本血吸虫DDIA也可用于检测曼氏血吸虫病。     

标准化应用超声显像评价与血吸虫病相关疾病实用指南WHO／TDR超声显像讲习班报告（TDR／STR／SCH／0．01）

1996年WHO／TDR在尼日尔Niamey召开了第2次国际超声显像讲习班，1997年在巴西的Belo Horizonte召开了超声方法研讨会。前一个会议集中讨论了埃及血吸虫病与曼氏血吸虫病的超声显像，后一个会议主要讨论曼氏血吸虫病的超声显像。2000年TDR编印了这两个讲习报告的白皮书。     

国外吡喹酮防治血吸虫病的进展

吡喹酮是一种对人体5种主要血吸虫病(曼氏、埃及、湄公、间插与日本血吸虫病)都非常有效的药物。全球已对1亿多例血吸虫感染者及有疫水接触史的可能感染者用吡喹酮进行了治疗,积累了极为丰富的经验。该文概述自吡喹酮问世以来国外用吡喹酮治疗几种血吸虫病的效果、副反应及吡喹酮在几个主要流行国家(埃及、巴西、老挝、印度尼西亚、菲律宾)防治规划中的应用。     

184例疑似输入性埃及血吸虫病病例回顾性调查

目的了解出国务工人员感染埃及血吸虫情况。方法采用回顾性调查和个别访谈法,对湖南省血吸虫病防治专科医院收治的疑似输入性埃及血吸虫病人感染和收治等情况进行调查。结果收治的184例疑似输入埃及血吸虫病人劳务输出务工地主要为安哥拉（111例,占60.3%）、莫桑比克（57例,占31.0%）等非洲国家。其中13例作病原学检查,分别在尿液、直肠活组织和膀胱等检查中发现埃及血吸虫卵6例。病人均经IHA和ELISA检测日本血吸虫抗体,阳性率为96.7%。病人中有112例（60.9%）出现不同程度的泌尿道症状,乏力者52例（28.3%）,但有72例（39.1%）无任何自觉症状。结论建议国家有关部门尽快制订和完善埃及血吸虫病和曼氏血吸虫病等输入性疾病的防控机制,保护劳务输出人员健康。     

输入性曼氏血吸虫病监测与防控对策专家共识

我国于20世纪80年代发现曼氏血吸虫中间宿主藁杆双脐螺进入广东深圳地区，目前已在深圳定殖并扩散至东莞、惠州等地区。鉴于输入性曼氏血吸虫病病例在我国时有报道，我国已经面临输入性曼氏血吸虫病在中国大陆传播的风险。随着我国进一步深化对外开放，特别是“一带一路”倡议的深入实施，曼氏血吸虫病在中国大陆的传播风险将逐渐增大。为防止曼氏血吸虫在我国形成完整生活史并造成疾病传播，提升对曼氏血吸虫病的认识、加强提前防控的意识以及尽早发现、报告、处置输入性曼氏血吸虫病病例或病原携带者尤为重要。国内多位传染病和寄生虫病防控专家就输入性曼氏血吸虫病监测与防控对策达成共识，旨在提升我国疾病预防控制机构和医疗机构关于输入性曼氏血吸虫病诊疗和防控意识与能力、降低甚至消除输入性曼氏血吸虫病在我国传播的风险，从根本上保障我国居民健康。     

输入性曼氏血吸虫病监测与防控对策专家共识

我国于20世纪80年代发现曼氏血吸虫中间宿主藁杆双脐螺进入广东深圳地区，目前已在深圳定殖并扩散至东莞、惠州等地区。鉴于输入性曼氏血吸虫病病例在我国时有报道，我国已经面临输入性曼氏血吸虫病在中国大陆传播的风险。随着我国进一步深化对外开放，特别是“一带一路”倡议的深入实施，曼氏血吸虫病在中国大陆的传播风险将逐渐增大。为防止曼氏血吸虫在我国形成完整生活史并造成疾病传播，提升对曼氏血吸虫病的认识、加强提前防控的意识以及尽早发现、报告、处置输入性曼氏血吸虫病病例或病原携带者尤为重要。国内多位传染病和寄生虫病防控专家就输入性曼氏血吸虫病监测与防控对策达成共识，旨在提升我国疾病预防控制机构和医疗机构关于输入性曼氏血吸虫病诊疗和防控意识与能力、降低甚至消除输入性曼氏血吸虫病在我国传播的风险，从根本上保障我国居民健康。     

非洲主要血吸虫病诊断技术研究进展

近年来,我国境外输入尤其是非洲输入的血吸虫病病例逐年增多,敏感、高效的诊断方法对于输入性血吸虫病的风险评估及监测极为关键.病原学、免疫学及分子生物学等方法是现今血吸虫病诊断的主要手段,在实际应用中,应根据各自特点选择合适的方法以达到理想的诊断效果.该文就曼氏血吸虫病、埃及血吸虫病2种非洲主要血吸虫病诊断技术的研究进展作一综述,为防治工作者提供参考.     

Hybridization of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum in mice

Crossing experiments in mice with two human species of Schistosoma japonicum (Taiwan strain) and Schistosoma mansoni (Puerto Rican strain) were performed. The hybrid miracidia from the cross between female S. japonicum and male S. mansoni infected both Biophalaria glabrata and Oncomalania h. chiui. However, those from the reciprocal crossing could infect only B. glabrata. B. glabrata infected with hybrid miracidia of female S. mansoni x male S. japonicum survived up to 30 days while those infected with miracidia of S. mansoni remained alive for more than 100 days after the first shedding of cercariae. Relatively few hybrid eggs reached maturity either in tissues or in the feces of infected mice. A low percentage of F1 eggs hatched and the infectivity of F1 miracida was also low. Morphology and behavior of hybrid eggs, miracidia, cercariae, and adults were similar to the maternal species. The daily egg production of the hybrid worm pair was less than that of the normal one. The observations in the present study may be attributed to the maternal effects. However, the phenomenon of parthenogenesis in schistosomes cannot be confirmed.     

Interactions between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni in humans in north Cameroon

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relationships between the frequency of ectopic localizations of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni eggs. METHODS: Studies were conducted in 11 villages in north Cameroon, around Bessoum, a village where an epidemic of bloody diarrhoea caused by S. mansoni occurred in 1997. RESULTS: The results revealed infection prevalence rates of 70.5% for S. haematobium and 30.8% for S. mansoni. Interestingly, S. mansoni eggs were found in 14.5% of the urine samples and S. haematobium eggs in 3% of the stool samples. These ectopic eliminations of schistosome eggs resulted from sexual interactions between the two species of schistosomes, and from a spill-over of high infection loads. The clinical study showed that the morbidity was lower in individuals with mixed infections and high loads of S. haematobium than in those with S. mansoni infections only, suggesting a possible lowering effect of S. haematobium infection on S. mansoni morbidity. DISCUSSION: The results obtained in human populations are discussed in relation to the known schistosome interspecific interactions in animal models.     

Recent advances in Schistosoma genomics

Schistosome research has entered the genomic era with the publications reporting the Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum genomes. Schistosome genomics is motivated by the need for new control tools. However, much can also be learned about the biology of Schistosoma, which is a tractable experimental model. In this article, we review the recent achievements in the field of schistosome research and discuss future perspectives on genomics and how it can be integrated in a usable format, on the genetic mapping and how it has improved the genome assembly and provided new research approaches, on how epigenetics provides interesting insights into the biology of the species and on new functional genomics tools that will contribute to the understanding of the function of genes, many of which are parasite- or taxon specific.     

Schistosoma mansoni eggs in urine

S. mansoni eggs show a preferential localization in stools with localization in urine being unusual. The factors that influence the appearance of S. mansoni in urine have not been studied extensively. The data presented here were collected during a schistosomiasis survey conducted in the northern provinces of Cameroon and a longitudinal community survey in Douloumi. As expected, the majority of individuals infected with S. mansoni had eggs in their stools. However, this is not always the case. Under special epidemiologic conditions, very high S. haematobium prevalence and much lower S. mansoni prevalence, urinary localization may become dominant. Individuals with high intensities of infection by S. mansoni do not have a higher probability for having S. mansoni in urine (there is no 'spill over').     

Cryoglobulins in Schistosoma haematobium infection

The sera of school children with Schistosoma haematobium infection were tested for the presence of cold-insoluble immune complexes "the cryoglobulins". Two different methods were used: the standard macro-technique and the micro-adaptation technique. On using the standard macro-technique, 40 (32.8%) out of 122 schistosomiasis patients and 6 (7.5%) out of 80 control children were positive for cryoglobulins. Using the micro-adaptation technique, the corresponding numbers were 47 (38.5%) and 8 (10%), respectively. A comprehensive medical examination was carried out before treatment. After treatment with metrifonate (Bilarcil) the quantity of cryoglobulins and the number of children with cryoglobulins were significantly reduced to 12 (9.8%) when using macro-technique, and to 15 (12.3%) with micro-adaptation technique, thus suggesting a possible relationship of cryoglobulinaemia with urinary schistosomiasis. There was a significant difference in the number of sera found positive by the two techniques (X2 = 0.875, P less than 0.1).     

日本血吸虫与曼氏血吸虫的致病差异

曼氏血吸虫和日本血吸虫是全球范围内两种主要的肠道血吸虫病病原体,所致基本病理均为虫卵引起的肝脏肉芽肿和纤维化,但两者在产卵方式以及肉芽肿的组成细胞等方面均存在明显差异。 目前,我国的血吸虫病研究主要以日本血吸虫病为对象,国外主要以曼氏血吸虫病为对象,而介绍两种血吸虫致病差异的综述较少。 为更好地理解两种血吸虫的致病差异,本文从血吸虫的基因组和进化路径、幼虫迁移、成虫寄生位置及产卵方式、局部组织病理、肉芽肿的形成机制以及肉芽肿的细胞组成等 6 个方面对日本血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫的致病差异进行了综述。