基于词重要性的Markov网络查询扩展模型

词项权重已经广泛应用于信息检索模型中,针对传统的词项独立性假设的词袋模型的问题,本文将基于词重要性的词项权重的计算方法应用于Markov网络查询扩展模型中。该词项权重的计算方法须先建立文档的词项图,然后根据词项图得到词项的共现矩阵和词项间的概率转移矩阵,最后利用Markov链的计算方法得到词的权重。将得到的词项权重代入Markov网络扩展模型中,在5个标准数据集上的实验结果表明,采用基于词重要性的Markov网络查询扩展模型的检索结果优于传统的基于词袋的检索结果。     

融合共现距离和区分度的短文本相似度计算方法

针对短文本内容简短、特征稀疏等特点,提出一种融合共现距离和区分度的短文本相似度计算方法。一方面,该方法在整个短文本语料库中利用两个共现词之间距离计算它们的共现距离相关度。另一方面通过计算共现区分度来提高距离相关度的准确度,然后对每个文本中词项进行相关性加权,最后通过词项的权重和词项之间的共现距离相关度计算两个文本的相似度。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能够提高短文本相似度计算的准确率。     

融合BTM和图论的微博检索模型

微博数据量庞大且微博文本的字符数少、特征稀疏,为提高检索精度,提出一种融合BTM和图论的微博检索模型,通过词汇语义相关度计算微博文本中带有标签的特征相关度,构建bi-term主题模型,用JSD距离计算映射到该模型中短文本的词对相关度,抽取CN-DBpedia中实体及图结构,再使用SimRank算法计算图结构中实体间的相关度。综上3种相关度为该模型最终相关度。最后使用新浪微博数据集进行检索实验,实验结果表明:对比于融合隐含狄利克雷分布算法与图论的检索模型和基于开放数据关联和图论方法系统模型,新模型在MAP、准确率和召回率上性能有明显提高,说明该模型具有较优的检索性能。     

基于词项扩展的XML信息检索反馈技术

为提高XML信息检索的查询准确率,提出一种基于词项扩展的XML信息检索反馈技术.利用词项所在节点的语义权重、词项与查询词间的相邻频度、共现程度,评估词项权重并排序,取权重较大的词项对初始检索词进行扩展,给出各因子的计算方法.在Wikipedia2009数据集上的实验结果表明,扩展后的查询准确率较高.     

半结构化中文信息检索中查询结果相关度算法的研究

本文研究了对富含文本信息的XML数据进行基于关键字的查询时,查询结果与查询条件之间相关度的计算问题,分析了利用传统信息检索技术解决该问题时存在的一些不足,提出了一种基于节点的动态的关键字权重计算法,以及综合考虑关键字在查询结果中的频率分布特征和结构分布特征的查询结果相关度计算法,有效解决了XML数据中的结构信息对相关度计算的影响,实验证明本文中的方法取得了较好的检索性能。     

基于视觉词袋的视频检索校准方法

随着互联网技术的飞速发展,视频数据呈现海量爆炸式增长,传统的视频搜索引擎 多数采用单一的基于文本的检索方法,该检索方法对于视频这类非结构化数据,存在着内容缺失、 语义隔阂等问题,导致检索结果相关度较低。提出一种基于视觉词袋的视频检索校准方法,该方 法结合了视频数据的可视化特征提取技术、TF-IDF 技术、开放数据技术,为用户提供优化后的 视频检索校准结果。首先,基于HSV 模型的聚类算法提取视频的关键帧集合及关键帧权值向量; 接着用关键帧图像的加速稳健特征等表示视频的内容特征,解决视频检索的内容缺失问题;然后 利用TF-IDF 技术衡量查询语句关键字的权值,并开放数据获得查询语句关键字的可视化特征和 语义信息,解决视频检索的语义隔阂问题;最后,将提出的基于视觉词袋的视频检索校准算法应 用于Internet Archive 数据集。实验结果表明,与传统的基于文本的视频检索方法相比,该方法的 平均检索结果相关度提高了15%。     

基于LDA主题模型的短文本分类方法

针对短文本的特征稀疏性和上下文依赖性两个问题,提出一种基于隐含狄列克雷分配模型的短文本分类方法。利用模型生成的主题,一方面区分相同词的上下文,降低权重;另一方面关联不同词以减少稀疏性,增加权重。采用K近邻方法对自动抓取的网易页面标题数据进行分类,实验表明新方法在分类性能上比传统的向量空间模型和基于主题的相似性度量分别高5%和2.5%左右。     

一种基于群稀疏特征选择的图像检索方法

针对图像检索问题,提出一种基于群稀疏特征选择的图像检索方法.利用特征具有的群聚与稀疏的特性,构建一个L2,1范数正则化逻辑回归问题,运用自适应谱梯度算法(ANSPG)有效地求解权重,根据这个权重选择出有效特征.最后运用所选择的有效特征在基于内容的检索框架上进行图像检索.在Core15K与IAPR IC12图像库上进行的实验结果表明,提出的方法具有非常良好的性能.     

基于领域本体和位置关系的信息检索模型

向量空间模型是最常用的信息检索模型,它根据词频来计算文档之间的相关度,这种方法虽然能够满足用户的基本检索需求,但是对于检索要求较高的用户,其效果仍然不甚理想。文中在向量空间模型的基础上,首先通过领域本体和上层本体来计算特征词项之间的相似度,据此得出与查询词相关的词,在求词项频率和逆文档频率时考虑这些词,然后引入了词序相关度和词语相邻相关度这两个概念,把特征项的位置关系也考虑进来。实验结果表明,文中提出的模型相比原始向量空间模型,在准确率上有了较大的改善。这完全说明,与原始向量空间模型相比,文中提出的检索模型不仅考虑了与原有词项具有相似语义的词项,而且还考虑了词项顺序和词项相邻信息,从而更能符合用户的检索要求。     

基于语义增强的短文本主题模型

传统主题模型方法很大程度上依赖于词共现模式生成文档主题, 短文本由于缺乏足够的上下文信息导致的数据稀疏性成为传统主题模型在短文本上取得良好效果的瓶颈. 基于此, 本文提出一种基于语义增强的短文本主题模型, 算法将DMM (Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture)与词嵌入模型相结合, 通过训练全局词嵌入与局部词嵌入获得词的向量表示, 融合全局词嵌入向量与局部词嵌入向量计算词向量间的语义相关度, 并通过主题相关词权重进行词的语义增强计算. 实验表明, 本文提出的模型在主题一致性表示上更准确, 且提升了模型在短文本上的分类正确率.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。