JAK2/STAT3信号通路在门静脉高压大鼠模型脾脏纤维化过程中的作用

目的:探讨Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2/信号转导子和转录激活子3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路在门静脉高压大鼠模型脾脏纤维化过程中的表达和作用.方法:采用缩窄门静脉的方法制备门静脉高压大鼠模型,通过给予JAK2特异性抑制剂AG490阻断JAK2/STAT3信号通路.30只SD(Sprague Dawley)大鼠随机分为单纯手术组、AG490组、假手术组(n=10).AG490组每天给予5 mg/kg体重的AG490,另外两组每天给予相同体积的生理盐水,连续2周后处死大鼠,计算各组脾指数,Masson三色染色检测脾脏组织纤维化程度,免疫组织化学和Western blotting检测脾脏组织中磷酸化STAT3 (p-STAT3)蛋白的表达水平.结果:单纯手术组p-STAT3蛋白水平较假手术组明显升高(P＜0.05),AG490组较单纯手术组明显降低(P＜0.05);单纯手术组脾指数、脾脏纤维化程度较假手术组明显升高(P＜0.05),AG490组较单纯手术组明显降低(P＜0.05);p-STAT3蛋白水平与脾脏纤维化程度呈明显的正相关趋势(r=0.897,P＜0.05).结论:JAK2/STAT3信号通路与门静脉高压大鼠脾脏纤维化过程关系密切,阻断该通路可以减轻门静脉高压脾脏纤维化的程度.     

非JAK-STAT信号通路在BCR-ABL阴性骨髓增殖性肿瘤中的研究进展

JAK信号通路通过配体和细胞表面的受体相互结合而诱导受体二聚化及磷酸化,激活JAK.活化的JAK-STAT信号通路参与肿瘤的发生、发展、血管新生、侵袭和转移.在BCR-ABL阴性骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)中JAK2、MPL及CALR基因突变均可组成性激活JAK2-STAT5信号通路.因此JAK-STAT通路成为研究的热点...     

EGFR Del 19 与JAK/STAT信号通路在NSCLC 中表达的相关性研究

目的:检测EGFR外显子19缺失突变(以下简称EGFR Del 19)和信号分子JAK/STAT在NSCLC组织中的表达,探讨EGFR Del 19表达与下游信号通路JAK/STAT表达之间的相关性,为进一步研究EGFR Del 19之NSCLC发生发展机制提供依据。方法:经ARMS法筛选出125例EGFR Del 19的NSCLC组织,应用免疫组织化学法检测该组织样本中EGFR Del 19、p-JAK1和p-STAT1的表达,统计分析三者在临床病理特点中的表达差异及EGFR Del 19与p-JAK1、p-STAT1表达之间的相关性。结果:EGFR Del 19阳性主要在细胞膜上表达,p-JAK1、p-STAT1阳性表达主要定位于细胞质和细胞核中。EGFR Del 19与NSCLC的病理分级、TNM分期、淋巴结转移与否显著相关(P值均0.05)。EGFR Del 19与p-JAK1、p-STAT1表达在不同病理分级、TNM分期及淋巴结转移与否组间具有显著相关性(P值均0.05,rs值均0.3)。结论:EGFR Del 19可能通过活化JAK1-STAT1途径促进NSCLC的发生发展。     

促红细胞生成素和受体在前列腺癌组织中共同过表达的研究

目的:探讨促红细胞生成素(EPO)和受体(EPOR)在前列腺癌(PCa)组织中的表达,并进一步阐述EPO和EPOR在前列腺癌发生发展中所起的作用。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测30例前列腺癌根治术组织标本中癌与增生(BPH)组织的EPO和EPOR表达及30例正常前列腺组织(NP)中的EPO和EPOR表达。前列腺癌分级采用Gleason评分。半定量EPO和EPOR评分分析免疫组化结果。同时根据细胞染色强度区分为过表达和正常表达。统计学分析采用配对样本比较Wilcoxon的秩和检验及线形回归分析。结果:大部分前列腺癌均可见EPO和EPOR同时过表达,但是前列腺增生组织只有EPO过表达;正常前列腺组织没有EPO和EPOR过表达。前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的EPO免疫组化评分中位数为2.38和0.93(P<0.01);前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的EPOR免疫组化评分中位数为2.50和0.68(P<0.01)。前列腺增生和前列腺癌的EPO和EPOR表达密切相关,但是前列腺癌的Gleason评分和EPO以及EPOR评分没有相关性(P值均>0.05)。结论:EPO和EPOR同时过表达促进前列腺癌发生发展,但是相对于EPO的过表达,EPOR过表达是前列腺癌发生更为重要的早期事件;前列腺癌组织中EPO和EPOR表达差异,提示除了缺氧外,可能还有其它机制参与EPOR的过表达。     

LncRNA-NEAT1对妊娠期高血压大鼠JAK2/STAT3信号通路、炎症反应和妊娠结局的影响

摘要 目的：探讨LncRNA-NEAT1对妊娠期高血压大鼠JAK2/STAT3信号通路、炎症反应和妊娠结局的影响。方法：采用注射L-精氨酸甲酯的方法构建妊娠期高血压大鼠模型。采用Western blot检测JAK2/STAT3信号通路蛋白表达;采用ELISA法检测炎症因子和血管内皮损伤因子。观察并记录大鼠24 h蛋白尿、尾静脉压和死胎率。结果：与空白组相比,模型组、LncRNA-NEAT1过表达组、LncRNA-NEAT1抑制组JAK2、STAT3的蛋白表达水平明显更高（P＜0.05）;与模型组相比,LncRNA-NEAT1抑制组JAK2、STAT3的蛋白表达水平明显更低（P＜0.05）,而LncRNA-NEAT1过表达组JAK2、STAT3的蛋白表达水平明显更高（P＜0.05）;与空白组相比,模型组、LncRNA-NEAT1过表达组、LncRNA-NEAT1抑制组ET-1和sICAM-1水平明显更高,而NO水平明显更低（P＜0.05）;与模型组相比,LncRNA-NEAT1过表达组、LncRNA-NEAT1抑制组ET-1和sICAM-1水平明显更高（P＜0.05）,而NO水平明显更低（P＜0.05）,而LncRNA-NEAT1过表达组ET-1和sICAM-1表达水平明显更高,而NO明显更低（P＜0.05）;与空白组相比,模型组、LncRNA-NEAT1过表达组、LncRNA-NEAT1抑制组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18表达水平明显更高（P＜0.05）;与模型组相比,LncRNA-NEAT1抑制组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18表达水平明显更低（P＜0.05）,而LncRNA-NEAT1过表达组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-18表达水平明显更高（P＜0.05）;与空白组相比,模型组、LncRNA-NEAT1过表达组、LncRNA-NEAT1抑制组尾静脉压和24h蛋白尿水平明显更高（P＜0.05）;与模型组相比,LncRNA-NEAT1抑制组尾静脉压和24 h蛋白尿表达水平明显更低（P＜0.05）,而LncRNA-NEAT1过表达组尾静脉压和24 h蛋白尿表达水平明显更高（P＜0.05）;LncRNA-NEAT1过表达组（21.56%）死胎率显著高于模型组（16.72%）和LncRNA-NEAT1抑制组（5.65%）。结论：妊娠期糖尿病大鼠LncRNA-NEAT1的表达下调可抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路的表达并下调下游促炎因子的表达,进而缓解血管内皮损伤降低死胎率。     

抑制JAK/STAT信号通路可减轻激素诱导的MRL/lpr狼疮鼠股骨头坏死

股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of femoral head,ONFH)是系统性红斑狼疮(systematic lupus erythematosus,SLE)并发症之一,其发病机制复杂,治疗棘手,是SLE致残的主要原因。已有研究证实,JAK/STAT信号通路参与SLE的病理过程,而JAK/STAT激活也被发现与ONFH的发生有关。我们推测并证实,JAK/STAT信号通路在SLE-ONFH发生发展中发挥了重要作用。30只雌性MRL/lpr小鼠随机分为3组:模型组(脂多糖/24 h,2次+甲基强的松龙/24 h,3次)、对照组(加等量PBS)和治疗组(模型组+JAK1/2抑制剂巴瑞替尼/d, 6周),每组各10只。比较各组小鼠抓力的结果表明,模型组小鼠在第4周与第6周时,抓力值较对照组明显减少(P＜0.05);治疗组小鼠在第6周时,抓力值优于模型组(P＜0.05)。造模第6周处死小鼠取双侧股骨头,观察股骨头形态及HE染色病理改变。结果表明,对照组小鼠股骨头呈球型,透亮,骨质坚硬,无软骨缺损;模型组小鼠股骨头呈不规则型,粗糙,色泽灰暗,股骨头有部分缺损;治疗组小鼠表现基本与模型组相似,总体股骨头外观形态较对照组不规则,色泽较对照组暗,股骨头有部分缺损,但其程度无模型组严重。模型组与治疗组小鼠空骨陷窝率较对照组明显升高(P＜0.05);治疗组小鼠空骨陷窝率低于模型组(P＜0.05)。通过Western印迹、ELISA和RT-qPCR检测,局部骨组织JAK/STAT通路(JAK1、JAK2、JAK3、STAT3)蛋白质表达、磷酸化水平、mRNA表达,血清及局部组织IL-6、TNF-α表达。结果表明,模型组小鼠骨组织IL-6、TNF-α和STAT3的mRNA表达显著高于对照组及治疗组(P＜0.05),且模型组小鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α的含量较治疗组、对照组明显升高(P＜0.05)。模型组的软骨分解代谢物ADAMTS-4、MMP-13及JAK/STAT通路相关蛋白质JAK1、p-JAK1、JAK2、p-JAK2、STAT3、p-STAT3均显著高于对照组及治疗组(P＜0.05)。综上所述,JAK/STAT信号通路参与了MRL/lpr狼疮小鼠ONFH发病过程。选择性JAK1/2抑制剂可有效抑制ONFH炎症,改善骨结构及关节功能,并可能成为系统性红斑狼疮ONFH的有效治疗药物。     

JAK2-STAT3信号通路在天麻素改善小鼠抑郁样行为中的作用研究

摘要 目的：观察天麻素对小鼠抑郁症模型异常行为的改善以及Janus激酶2-信号转导和转录激活因子3（JAK2 -STAT3）信号通路的表达变化。方法：40只雄性昆明小鼠,随机分为正常组和模型组。模型组小鼠经过4周CUMS刺激建模,第6周检测小鼠行为学变化以验证建模效果。随后将模型组分为CUMS+生理盐水、CUMS+氟西汀以及CUMS+天麻素3个亚组,第7-8周继续进行CUMS刺激,同时对3个亚组小鼠腹腔注射给药。第9周再次进行行为学检测。取小鼠脑组织进行HE染色（hematoxylin-eosin staining）和蛋白免疫印迹（western blot）检测。结果：第6周检测结果显示：与对照组比较,模型组小鼠体重增幅显著降低（P＜0.001）,悬尾和强迫游泳不动时间显著增加（P＜0.001、P＜0.001）,糖水消耗率显著降低（P＜0.001）。第9周检测结果显示：与CUMS+生理盐水组相比,CUMS+氟西汀组和CUMS+天麻素组小鼠体重增幅显著增加（P＜0.001,P＜0.001）,强迫游泳不动时间显著降低（P＜0.001,P＜0.001）,悬尾不动时间显著降低（P＜0.01,P＜0.01）,糖水消耗率显著增加（P＜0.001、P＜0.001）。与CUMS+生理盐水组比较,CUMS+天麻素组小鼠JAK2、STAT3、IL-1β蛋白表达显著降低（P＜0.01、P＜0.01、P＜0.05）;HE染色结果提示,CUMS+生理盐水组小鼠神经元形态发生改变,细胞结构不清晰,细胞核固缩、深染;与CUMS+生理盐水组相比,CUMS+天麻素组小鼠神经元形态得到改善。结论：天麻素可以有效改善CUMS诱导的小鼠抑郁样行为,其作用可能与JAK2-STAT3信号通路关键蛋白的表达有关。     

成釉细胞中COX-2的表达与影像学分型的关系

目的:探讨成釉细胞瘤中COX-2的表达和临床意义,以及COX-2的表达与成釉细胞瘤影像学分型之间的关系.方法:采用免疫组化S-P法检测60例成釉细胞瘤和22例正常口腔粘膜中COX-2蛋白的表达,同时收集相对应的60例成釉细胞瘤患者的手术前X线片并分型,结合COX-2蛋白在成釉细胞瘤中表达的结果进行分析.结果:60例成釉细胞瘤中COX-2的阳性表达率为80%(48/60),22例正常口腔粘膜中survivin表达率为36.36%(8/22),二者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).COX-2蛋白在患者的性别、发病部位及不同年龄组中的过表达率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).单房型成釉细胞瘤中COX-2的表达率较多房型和蜂窝型成釉细胞瘤低(P<0.05),多房型成釉细胞瘤和蜂窝型成釉细胞瘤中COX-2的表达率无差异(P>0.05).结论:COX-2可作为成釉细胞瘤诊断的一项重要指标;多房型和蜂窝型成釉细胞瘤的细胞增殖及侵袭能力较单房型高,多房型和蜂窝型成釉细胞瘤的手术方式不宜保守.     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌影响牙龈上皮细胞miR-155-5p通过JAK/STAR信号通路作用牙周炎的机制

目的通过生物信息学对GEO数据库进行分析筛选miRNA后运用分子生物学手段验证并对机制进行深入探讨,为未来牙周炎治疗的生物标志物筛选及靶向治疗提供理论依据。方法通过生物信息学分析GEO数据库发现牙周炎患者中差异表达的miRNA。在DIANA生信预测网站中发现了与JAK/STAT信号传导方式有关的miRNA。随后,TargetScan被用于预测miRNA的靶mRNA,该mRNA不仅在牙周炎中差异表达,而且与JAK/STAT信号传导有关。利用基因集富集分析(GSEA)寻找与JAK/STAT信号转导途径紧密相关的基因集。通过实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测在牙周炎中差异表达并与JAK/STAT信号有关的miRNA和mRNA的表达。通过免疫组织化学(IHC)观察组织中IL6ST的表达。通过双重荧光素酶测定法证实了miRNA和mRNA之间的关系。此外,采用细胞内氧化活性氧红色荧光检测试剂盒检测活性氧(ROS)的变化。结果在牙周炎患者中,与正常组织比较,MiR-155-5p被下调,mRNA IL6ST被上调且差异均具有统计学意义(t=9.188 7、2.852 1,P=0.000 6、0.015 7)。与对照组比较,miR-155-5p在P.gingivalis处理组表达情况出现明显下降且IL6ST在处理后表达量出现明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.125 3、1.852 0,P=0.013 5、0.015 7)。miR-155-5p具有IL6ST 3′非翻译区的靶结合位点。通过过表达miR-155-5p能够明显抑制JAK/STAT信号通路p-STAT3、p-JAK2、IL6ST蛋白的表达(t=1.924 8、2.530 8、3.107 5,P=0.023 1、0.011 6、0.010 0)。感染牙龈卟啉单胞菌后,细胞中的ROS产生增加(t=3.051 2、9.632 7,均P0.01)。结论牙龈卟啉单胞菌可抑制miR-155-5p表达,激活GECs中的JAK/STAR信号,促进牙周炎的发生和发展。     

草鱼重组瘦蛋白的制备及其对JAK2-STAT3信号通路的作用研究

瘦素(leptin)是主要由脂肪细胞分泌的蛋白质,具有调节机体食物摄入和能量代谢的功能。为了获得具有生物活性的瘦蛋白,本研究采用PCR技术从草鱼脑垂体中扩增出瘦素的cDNA开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF)序列,用于构建pGEX4T-1-CiLEP重组质粒(带GST标签),并将重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21中进行原核表达。经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测证实,在47 kD处有与预期相对分子质量相符的融合重组瘦蛋白(即含GST标签的草鱼重组瘦蛋白)。体内注射试验结果表明,与注射GST标签蛋白相比,纯化后的融合重组瘦蛋白的注射对草鱼脑垂体和肠道的瘦素受体基因及JAK2-STAT3信号通路相关基因的表达有上调作用。以上结果为进一步研究草鱼重组瘦蛋白对JAK2-STAT3信号通路相关基因表达的影响和深入了解草鱼瘦素基因的功能及其调控机制奠定了基础。     

Definitions,measurements, and classifications of stimuli,situations, and environments

A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings. Note from the editors: From time to time, Human Ecology will publish a review article. Our first in this series is a review by a psychologist of basic definitional and conceptual problems in environmental studies.This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Educational Testing Service. The support of ETS and my colleagues in the Division of Psychological Studies is gratefully acknowledged. The review was also supported in part by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.     

Low-frequency dynamics and Raman scattering of crystals, of B-, A-, and Z-DNA, and fibers of C-DNA

Normal modes of vibration of DNA in the low-frequency region (10-300 cm-1 interval) have been identified from Raman spectra of crystals of B-DNA [d(CGCAAATTTGCG)], A-DNA [r(GCG)d(CGC) and d(CCCCGGGG)], and Z-DNA [d(CGCGCG) and d(CGCGTG)]. The lowest vibrational frequencies detected in the canonical DNA structures--at 18 +/- 2 cm-1 in the B-DNA crystal, near 24 +/- 2 cm-1 in A-DNA crystals, and near 30 +/- 2 cm-1 in Z-DNA crystals--are shown to correlate well with the degree of DNA hydration in the crystal structures, as well as with the level of hydration in calf thymus DNA fibers. These findings support the assignment [H. Urabe et al. (1985) J. Chem. Phys. 82, 531-535; C. Demarco et al. (1985) Biopolymers 24, 2035-2040] of the lowest frequency Raman band of each DNA to a helix mode, which is dependent primarily upon the degree of helix hydration, rather than upon the intrahelical conformation. The present results show also that B-, A-, C-, and Z-DNA structures can be distinguished from one another on the basis of their characteristic Raman intensity profiles in the region of 40-140 cm-1, even though all structures display two rather similar and complex bands centered within the intervals of 66-72 and 90-120 cm-1. The similarity of Raman frequencies for B-, A-, C-, and Z-DNA suggests that these modes originate from concerted motions of the bases (librations), which are not strongly dependent upon helix backbone geometry or handedness. Correlation of the Raman frequencies and intensities with the DNA base compositions suggests that the complex band near 90-120 cm-1 in all double-helix structures is due to in-plane librational motions of the bases, which involve stretching of the purine-pyrimidine hydrogen bonds. This would explain the centering of the band at higher frequencies in structures containing G.C pairs (greater than 100 cm-1) than in structures containing A.T pairs (less than 100 cm-1), consistent with the strengths of G.C and A.T hydrogen bonding.     

Synthesis and properties of N-, O-, and S-phospho derivatives of amino acids, peptides, and proteins

The literature on chemical (i.e., nonenzymic) phosphorylation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins is reviewed through 1982. The review covers synthetic methods, chemical reactions, and physical properties, with emphasis on the techniques used for separation and characterization of the products. Synthetic methods are classified by reagent rather than product, and are illustrated by experimental procedures for the most important methods. Chemical reactions are classified into four groups depending on whether the reaction site is the phospho group, the amino group, the carboxyl group, or in the case of serine the hydroxyl group. Physical data are given for all of the known N-, O-, and S-phospho derivatives of the amino acids, peptides, and proteins, within certain limitations, and are discussed in detail in the section on physical properties. Emphasis is given to the techniques used for separation of the products, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, and for characterization of the products, particularly spectroscopy. Medical and other uses of the products are mentioned.     

Cultural, Biochemical, and Immunological Properties of Mima, Herellea, and Flavobacterium Species

From study of cultural and biochemical characteristics of 40 strains of Herellea, Mima, or Flavobacterium species, a proposed schema for identification was developed. The reactions observed by agglutination, gel diffusion, and immunofluorescence suggest antigenic heterogeneity of this group of organisms.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.