子痫前期孕妇血流动力学变化临床分析

目的:用无创血流动力学监测系统研究子痫前期孕妇的血流动力学变化.方法:选择单胎妊娠孕妇418例,分为妊娠期高血压无并发症组、子痫前期无并发症组、子痫前期有并发症组和正常妊娠组.采用无创血流动力学监测系统检测4组孕妇的血流动力学指标.结果:子痫前期两组孕妇的心率(HR)略低,但4组间的HR比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).正常妊娠组比另3组孕妇平均动脉压(MAP)和外周阻力(SVRI、SVR)明显降低,心脏收缩功能(ACI、VI)明显升高(P<0.05).子痫前期两组孕妇比正常妊娠组和妊娠期高血压组孕妇的胸液水平(TFC)明显升高(P<0.05).妊娠期高血压组、子痫前期无并发症组与正常妊娠组3组孕妇的心排出量(CI、CO、SI、SV)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).子痫前期有并发症组与子痫前期无并发症组相比,MAP及外周阻力(SVRI、SVR)明显升高(P<0.05),心排出量及心脏收缩功能(CI、CO、SI、SV、ACI、VI)明显降低(P<0.05).结论:子痫前期时,孕妇的心排出量及心脏收缩功能的降低及外周阻力的明显增高可能是引起妊娠并发症的重要因素,无创血流动力学监测系统可用于指导妊娠期高血压疾病患者的治疗.     

子痫前期孕妇血清中氧化应激产物H_2O_2对sHLA-G表达的影响

目的:探讨子痫前期患者血清中氧化应激产物H2O2对可溶性人类白细胞抗原G(sHLA-G)表达的影响,分析早发型及晚发型子痫前期的病因。方法:选择早发型和晚发型子痫前期孕妇各15例为研究组,以同期正常孕妇15例为对照组。采用比色法及ELISA法分别检测3组研究对象血清中H2O2含量和sHLA-G表达,并进行相关性分析。结果:(1)早发型及晚发型子痫前期组孕妇血清中H2O2呈高水平表达[(58.43±3.56)μmol/L,(29.84±7.67μmol/L)],与正常妊娠组相比[(21.61±4.25)μmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);早发型子痫前期组孕妇血清中H2O2含量显著高于晚发型子痫前期组(P<0.05)。(2)早发型及晚发型子痫前期组孕妇血清中sHLA-G呈低水平表达[(28.65±9.16)U/ml,(51.84±8.67)U/ml],与正常妊娠组[(98.13±13.26)U/ml]相比,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);早发型子痫前期组孕妇血清中sHLA-G表达量显著低于晚发型子痫前期组(P<0.05)。(3)正常妊娠、子痫前期孕妇血清中的H2O2水平与sHLA-G表达呈负相关(r=-0.835,P<0.05)。结论:早发型子痫前期发病早,受氧化应激损伤更严重,血清中sHLA-G表达量更低;氧化应激产物H2O2可能潜在下调sHLA-G表达,与子痫前期发病及病情轻重程度相关。     

双胎妊娠孕妇血流动力学变化临床分析

目的:用无创血流动力学监测系统研究双胎妊娠孕妇的血流动力学特点,及其与妊娠并发症的关系。方法:选择双胎妊娠孕妇118例,分为双胎有并发症组(95例)和双胎无并发症组(23例),另选择同期正常单胎妊娠孕妇(90例)为对照(正常单胎妊娠组)。用无创血流动力学监测系统检测并比较3组孕妇的血流动力学参数:心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心脏指数(CI)、心输出量(CO)、周围血管阻力指数(SVRI)和周围血管阻力(SVR)。结果:双胎无并发症组与正常单胎妊娠组比较,HR、CI、CO轻度增高,MAP、SVRI、SVR轻度降低,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。双胎有并发症组与另两组比较,CI、CO明显降低(P<0.05),MAP、SVRI、SVR明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:双胎妊娠孕妇发生妊娠期高血压、子痫前期、胎儿生长受限与孕妇心排出量降低、外周阻力升高有关。     

子痫前期患者肾功能损害及其与血流动力学变化的关系

目的:用无创血流动力学监测系统检测子痫前期患者的血流动力学变化,分析其与肾功能损害的关系.方法:选择南京医科大学附属南京妇幼保健院2009年1月5日至2011年10月12日待产分娩的子痫前期患者314例(子痫前期组),妊娠期高血压患者250例(妊娠期高血压组)和正常妊娠孕妇76例(正常妊娠组)为研究对象.检测每位孕妇的尿蛋白、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血尿酸(UA)和肾小球滤过率(GFR),并进行比较；同时将子痫前期组中,GFR ＜90 ml/min/1.73m2的患者分为子痫前期伴肾功能损害亚组,GFR≥90 ml/min/1.73m2的患者为子痫前期无肾功能损害亚组,对比两个亚组间孕妇血流动力学参数:心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心脏指数(CI)、心输出量(CO)、每搏指数(SI)、每搏量(SV)、周围血管阻力指数(SVRI)、周围血管阻力(SVR)、心肌加速度指数(ACI)、速度指数(VI)的变化.结果:①子痫前期组患者Scr、BUN和UA较妊娠期高血压组和正常妊娠组明显升高(P＜0.05),而GFR明显降低(P＜0.05).②子痫前期组出现BUN、UA异常以及中度或轻度的肾功能损害(GFR＜ 90 ml/min/1.73m2)的发生率明显高于妊娠期高血压组和正常妊娠组(P＜0.05).③子痫前期伴肾功能损害亚组外周血管阻力(SVRI、SVR)明显高于无肾功能损害亚组(P＜0.01),而心排出量(CI、CO)及心脏收缩功能(SI、SV、vI)明显低于无肾功能损害亚组(P＜0.01).结论:子痫前期可出现肾功能损害,其孕妇心输出量的下降和外周阻力的升高是发生肾功能损害的重要因素.     

HtrA1在子痫前期孕妇血清、胎盘组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨HtrA1(high temperature requirement A1)在子痫前期孕妇血清、胎盘组织中的表达及意义。方法:HtrA1属分泌型蛋白,可采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定同期住院孕妇的空腹血清HtrA1浓度,其中正常晚期妊娠30例、轻度子痫前期25例、重度子痫前期20例;同时应用免疫组化SABC法检测胎盘组织中HtrA1的表达。结果:正常晚期妊娠、轻度子痫前期及重度子痫前期孕妇血清HtrA1浓度分别为(160.63±32.52)pg/ml、(210.82±32.52)pg/ml及(233.68±38.61)pg/ml,组间差异显著(P<0.05);正常晚期妊娠、轻度子痫前期及重度子痫前期孕妇胎盘组织中HtrA的平均灰度值分别为156.03±5.07、149.89±2.69及140.05±4.96,组间差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:随着病情加重,孕妇血清及胎盘组织中HtrA1的表达显著增高。HtrA1与子痫前期的发生、发展有关。     

子痫前期患者甲状腺功能减退对血流动力学影响的临床分析

目的:探讨甲状腺激素水平与子痫前期患者血流动力学指标间的相关性。方法:选取2015年6月—2016年1月南京医科大学附属南京妇幼保健院待产分娩的141例单胎妊娠的孕妇,分为正常妊娠组(NP,39例)、子痫前期组(PE,79例)、妊娠期高血压组(NIH,23例)。检测3组孕妇的促甲状腺激素(TSH)、血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)的水平。采用无创血流动力学监测系统检测3组孕妇的血流动力学指标,包括心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心脏指数(CI)、心输出量(CO)、每搏量(SV)、周围血管阻力(SVR)、周围血管阻力指数(SVRI)、净射血时间百分率(ET%)的变化。结果:(1)PE组TSH水平较NP、NIH组明显增高(P<0.05);PE组FT4水平与NP、NIH组无明显差异(P>0.05);(2)PE组与NP、NIH组相比TP、ALB明显降低(P<0.05);PE组与NP、NIH组相比TC明显增高(P<0.05);PE组与NP、NIH组相比TG无明显改变(P>0.05)。(3)PE组与NP、NIH组相比:HR明显降低(P<0.05),SBP、MAP、SVR、DBP、SVRI明显增高(P<0.05)。PE组与NP组相比:ET%、CO、CI明显下降(P<0.05)。(4)TSH与TC呈弱正相关(r=0.259 7,R^2=0.002,P<0.05)。TSH与TP和ALB呈弱负相关(r分别为-0.222 5和-0.367 2,R^2分别为0.011和0.134,P<0.05)。FT4与TP和ALB呈弱正相关(r分别为0.171 3和0.233 8,R^2分别为0.029和0.054,P<0.05)。(5)TSH与MAP和SBP呈弱正相关(r分别为0.195 4和0.198 2,R^2均为0.030,P<0.05),FT4与ET%和HR呈弱正相关(r分别为0.166 2和0.175 7,R^2分别为0.027和0.030,P<0.05)。结论:子痫前期孕妇常合并甲状腺功能减退,故有必要在妊娠期进行甲状腺激素水平的检查;TSH升高与子痫前期的发生具有一定相关性,TSH的变化可为子痫前期早期诊断和治疗提供依据。     

胎盘超微结构和呼吸链酶活性与子痫前期关系的研究

目的:研究胎盘组织超微结构的病理变化、呼吸链酶复合体活性变化与子痫前期的关系.方法:选择轻度子痫前期孕妇30例(轻度子痫前期组)、重度子痫前期孕妇15例(重度子痫前期组)和正常孕妇20例(正常妊娠组)行胎盘透射电镜观察,比较两组超微结构,同时采用紫外分光光度计法测定胎盘组织线粒体中两种呼吸链酶复合体(线粒体酶复合体Ⅰ、Ⅳ)的活性进行分析.结果:轻度子痫前期组与正常妊娠组胎盘超微结构比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),重度子痫前期组与正常妊娠组和轻度子痫前期组胎盘超微结构比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度子痫前期组胎盘组织中线粒体酶复合体Ⅳ的活性比正常妊娠组、轻度子痫前期组低,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),轻度子痫前期组线粒体酶复合体Ⅳ的活性与正常妊娠组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).线粒体酶复合体Ⅰ在3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:子痫前期患者胎盘超微结构的变化、线粒体酶复合体Ⅳ活性降低,提示子痫前期发病机制中有能量代谢传递障碍,线粒体能量产生异常参与子痫前期的发病过程.     

晚期糖基化终产物受体、P-选择素与子痫前期的相关性研究

目的:探讨晚期糖基化终产物受体(receptor for advanced glycation end products,RAGE)、P-选择素(P-selectin)在子痫前期发生、发展中的作用及意义。方法:应用RT-PCR检测30例正常孕妇和40例子痫前期患者(轻度子痫前期患者20例和重度子痫前期患者20例)胎盘组织和血液中RAGE和P-选择素mRNA的表达情况。结果:RAGE和P-选择素在子痫前期患者和正常孕妇胎盘组织和血液中均有表达。子痫前期组RAGE、P-选择素的mRNA表达水平均高于正常孕妇(对照组)(P<0.05),且重度子痫前期组高于轻度子痫前期组(P<0.05)。RAGE和P-选择素在子痫前期胎盘组织和母血中的表达均成正相关(胎盘r=0.814,血液r=0.796)。结论:子痫前期患者胎盘组织及血液中RAGE、P-选择素的mRNA表达升高可能与子痫前期的发病及病情发展有关;RAGE、P-选择素在子痫前期的发生、发展中可能有协同作用。     

重度子痫前期孕妇脂氧素A4及11β羟基类固醇脱氢酶2的表达及意义

目的:检测重度子痫前期孕妇外周血中脂氧素A4(LXA4)水平以及胎盘组织中11β羟基类固醇脱氢酶2(11β-HSD2)表达,探讨LXA4和11β-HSD2参与重度子痫前期发生的机制。方法:选择在本院产前检查并分娩的妊娠妇女共45例,其中正常妊娠组20例,重度子痫前期组25例。ELISA法测定孕妇外周血血浆中LXA4水平;酶化学发光分析法检测孕妇血清中游离皮质醇浓度;免疫组织化学染色法检测胎盘组织11β-HSD2蛋白表达;实时荧光定量RT-PCR法测定胎盘组织11β-HSD2 mRNA的表达;分析LXA4与11β-HSD2蛋白或mRNA、皮质醇与平均动脉压之间的相关性。结果:重度子痫前期组与正常妊娠组相比,LXA4水平明显降低(P<0.05),皮质醇浓度虽有升高,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);胎盘组织中11β-HSD2蛋白及mRNA表达均显著低于正常妊娠组(P<0.05);两组孕妇的LXA4水平与11β-HSD2蛋白表达量、LXA4水平与11β-HSD2 mRNA表达量、皮质醇与平均动脉压均无相关性(P均>0.05)。结论:LXA4和11β-HSD2参与重度子痫前期的发生。     

子痫前期孕妇血清和胎盘组织中干扰素-γ诱导蛋白10的表达及意义

目的:检测子痫前期孕妇胎盘组织及血清中干扰素-γ诱导蛋白10(IP-10)的表达情况,探讨其与子痫前期发病的关系。方法:收集正常妊娠、轻度子痫前期、重度子痫前期孕妇的胎盘组织及血清,采用ELISA、实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot方法检测IP-10在3组孕妇胎盘组织及血清中的表达变化。结果:ELISA结果显示,与正常对照组相比,轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组孕妇血清中IP-10表达均明显增加(P均<0.05);实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot结果显示,与正常对照组相比,轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组孕妇胎盘组织中IP-10 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均有不同程度增高(P均<0.05)。结论:子痫前期孕妇胎盘及血清中IP-10表达升高,可能与子痫前期的发病有关。     

Measure of hemodynamic patterns by thoracic electrical bioimpedance in normal pregnancy and in preeclampsia

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in the hemodynamics between normal pregnancy and preeclampsia, using thoracic electrical bioimpedance. STUDY DESIGN: We compared heart rate, end-diastolic volume, systolic volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction and peripheral vascular resistances in 18 healthy pregnant women with 15 with preeclamptic women at the following intervals: third trimester, 48 h post-partum, 2 and 6 months post-partum. We took the measurements by thoracic electrical bioimpedance. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Wilcoxon rank-sum test and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The heart rate was lower in the preeclampsia group during the third trimester and the systolic volume was also lower at 48 h post-partum; this implies a lower cardiac output in women with preeclampsia during pregnancy and in the immediate puerperium. The systemic vascular resistances were higher in preeclampsia in the third trimester and at 48 h post-partum. At 2 and 6 months post-partum, the hemodynamic situation had equalized in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preeclampsia is a situation of low cardiac output and high peripheral resistances compared with a normal pregnancy.     

Circadian Variations of Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure During the Third Trimester in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies

The present study was performed to assess the changes of plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in preeclampsia, and to clarify the character of circadian variations of plasma COP in preeclampsia. During the third trimester of a normal pregnancy, plasma COP values were 21.0 ± 0.2 at 28-31 weeks' gestation, 19.3 ± 0.5 at 32-35 weeks' gestation and 20.4 ± 0.5 mmHg at 36 weeks or more of gestation. These values were significantly lower than those in normal non-pregnant subjects (23.5 ± 0.6). In preeclampsia, plasma COP values (14.7 ± 0.4) were significantly lower than those in normal pregnancy. A circadian variation of plasma COP confirmed a clear circadian rhythm with the acrophase at afternoon in all subjects, and there were no differences among normal non-pregnant, pregnant and severe preeclamptic women. These results indicate that circadian variations of plasma COP are not influenced by either pregnancy or preeclampsia, though plasma COP in preeclampsia significantly decreases.     

Calcium, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia

Calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) in serum, and the fractional renal excretion of calcium (FECa) were determined in (1) normal pregnant women, (2) patients with preeclampsia, and (3) normal nonpregnant control subjects. Serum calcium, corrected for individual variation in serum protein, was reduced and FECa increased in the normal pregnant group when compared to the nonpregnant control group. In preeclampsia serum calcium did not differ significantly from the normal pregnant group, but FECa was considerably lower and also reduced below the level in the nonpregnant control group. PTH was slightly lower during normal pregnancy than after delivery, but did not deviate significantly from the nonpregnant control group; in preeclampsia PTH did not deviate significantly from the levels in normal pregnancy. CT was the same in the third trimester of pregnancy in both groups. Changes in serum calcium and FECa were not correlated to PTH or CT. It is concluded that both normal pregnancy and preeclampsia are accompanied by considerable alterations in calcium metabolism, that PTH and CT in both groups are mainly unchanged and at nonpregnant level, and that the increase and decrease in renal calcium excretion in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia, respectively, may be attributed to changes in kidney function.     

Evaluation of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in normal and preeclamptic women

OBJECTIVE: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized in cardiac ventricles in response to volume expansion. This study evaluated BNP levels to determine trends during pregnancy, and to assess BNP as a diagnostic tool in preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: We studied 163 BNP levels in 118 pregnant women, ranging from first trimester to term. An additional 34 patients with preeclampsia were studied and compared to 25 normal control patients at term. Plasma BNP values were determined using a standard assay. RESULTS: The median BNP levels during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd trimester, and at term were equivalent (18.4, 17.9, 15.5, and 17.8 pg/mL, respectively, P = .796). The median BNP levels in normal patients, mild preeclamptics, and severe preeclamptics were 17.8, 21.1, and 101 pg/mL, respectively, with the severe group being significantly higher than the mild group (P = .003) and any phase of normal pregnancy (P < .001 in each case). A BNP cut-off of <40.6 pg/mL had a negative predictive value of 92% in excluding preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: In normal pregnancies, median BNP values are <20 pg/mL, and stable throughout gestation. In severe preeclampsia BNP levels are elevated. This may reflect ventricular stress and/or subclinical cardiac dysfunction associated with preeclampsia.     

Changes of Resistance to Activated Protein C in The Course of Pregnancy and Prevalence of Factor V Mutation

Summary: The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in activated protein C (APC) anticoagulant activity during pregnancy and determine whether changes in APC could contribute to thrombosis in the placental bed in preeclampsia. We measured APC anticoagulant activity in 150 women with a normal pregnancy and 50 women with preeclampsia. There was a significant reduction in the mean APC sensitivity ratio (APC-SR) during pregnancy (p<0.001). APC resistance in preeclampsia was significantly higher than in normal pregnancy (p<0.01). Amongst women with APC resistance the presence of the factor V Leiden mutation was significantly higher in the preeclampsia group than in the normal pregnancy group (p<0.01). It seems that both factor V Leiden mutation and APC resistance may be associated with the development of preeclampsia. These results suggest that APC resistance may be an important mechanism underlying placental bed pathology in pregnancy and may be associated with an increased tendency to develop preeclampsia in some women. Assay of APC resistance and factor V Leiden mutation should be performed in women with preeclampsia.     

妊娠高血压综合征患者血浆对体外培养的内皮细胞合成血管活 …

目的 探讨妊娠高血压综合征（妊高征）患者的血浆对体外培养的内皮细胞合成血管活性物质的影响,和妊高征患者血浆中是否存在某些引起内皮细胞损伤的物质。方法 应用放射免疫法测定２０例先兆子痫患者（先兆子痫组）及１５例正常晚期妊娠妇女（正常晚孕组）产前血浆前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）代谢产物６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α、血栓素（ＴＸＡ２）代谢产物ＴＸＢ２的水平。在体外培养的爬刮动脉内皮细胞中分别加入先兆子痫患者和正常晚     

Changes in flow velocity, resistance indices, and cerebral perfusion pressure in the maternal middle cerebral artery distribution during normal pregnancy

BACKGROUND: There are few longitudinal data currently available detailing the normal changes in maternal cerebral hemodynamics during human pregnancy. This lack of information limits the study of pregnancy-associated cerebrovascular adjustments and, in particular, preeclampsia, where the brain appears to be especially susceptible to ischemic and encephalopathic injury. Our objective was to define the hemodynamic changes, specifically velocity, resistance indices, and cerebral perfusion pressure, in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) distribution of the brain during normal pregnancy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to determine the systolic, diastolic and mean blood velocities in the middle cerebral arteries in non-laboring women studied longitudinally during normal gestation. The resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were calculated using the velocity and blood pressure data. Data were analyzed using a longitudinal statistical model incorporating random patient effects and a homoscedastic (compound symmetric) variance-covariance structure over time (gestational age). The predicted mean value (Least Squares Mean), and the 5th and 95th percentiles, were defined for normal pregnancy. RESULTS: MCA systolic velocity decreased (24%) as did the mean velocity (17%). The diastolic velocity did not change significantly. The MCA RI decreased by 19% and the PI decreased by 25%. The MCA CPP increased by 52% between 12 and 40 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: The normative ranges for MCA velocity, RI, and CPP have been defined in normal human pregnancy using longitudinally collected data. By having a defined normal range, identification of abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamics during pregnancy is now possible, and this may help researchers and clinicians to elucidate etiologies and treatments for pregnancy-related pathophysiologic states such as preeclampsia     

脂联素在子痫前期患者胎盘组织中的表达与其发病的关系

目的 探讨脂联素在子痫前期患者胎盘组织中的表达与其发病的关系.方法 采用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物蛋白-过氧化物连接(SP)法及RT-PCR技术,检测20例正常足月妊娠孕妇(正常妊娠组)、12例轻度子痫前期(轻度子痫前期组)及22例重度子痫前期(重度子痫前期组)患者胎盘组织中脂联素蛋白及其mRNA的表达,并分析其与子痫前期发病的关系.结果 (1)3组孕妇胎盘绒毛合体滋养细胞及细胞滋养细胞胞质内脂联素蛋白均呈阳性表达,且各组内胎盘母面及子面脂联素蛋白的表达水平相互比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)重度子痫前期组胎盘组织中脂联素蛋白的表达水平(30 984±14 604)低于轻度子痫前期组(58 360±8910)及正常妊娠组(53 246±17 554),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).重度子痫前期组中妊娠足月者胎盘组织中脂联素蛋白的表达水平(38 890±20 386)与未足月者(29 319±8997)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但与正常妊娠组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)3组孕妇胎盘组织中均有脂联素mRNA的表达.其中重度子痫前期组胎盘组织中脂联素mRNA表达水平(1.0±0.2)低于轻度子痫前期组(2.9±0.8)及正常妊娠组(3.3±1.1),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 重度子痫前期患者胎盘组织中脂联素mRNA表达水平下降导致其蛋白表达水平也下降,提示脂联素的异常表达参与了子痫前期的发病.