MODELLING OF A NEW TYPE MR DAMPER

Applying the rule of laminar flow in the gap between two parallel disks, the theoretical model of a new type MR damper is established, the damping characteristic and structural characteristic of the MR damper are analyzed. Experimental results show that the model can reflect the fundamental characteristics of the disk-gap MR damper.     

斜拉索振动被动控制中电/磁流变阻尼器的最优阻尼器能量输入

研究了电／磁流变（ER／MR）阻尼器在恶劣条件下作为被动阻尼器使用时斜拉索的振动问题。对斜拉索和阻尼器的振动特性进行研究，采用Halmiton原理和模型识别技术建立斜拉索-阻尼器的非线性数学模型；采用随机噪声作为激励，通过不断调整阻尼器的能量输入，进行斜拉索-ER／MR阻尼器系统的振动被动控制试验。试验结果表明，存在一个最优的阻尼器能量输入，在该输入下能够有效地抑制斜拉索振动。根据所建立的非线性动力计算模型得到的计算结果与振动控制试验结果吻合良好。考虑到系统的非线性，研究了荷载大小和阻尼器安装位置对最优阻尼器能量输入的影响。研究结果为在恶劣条件下利用ER／MR阻尼器进行斜拉索振动被动控制时的阻尼器设计提供了依据。     

冲击载荷作用下磁流变阻尼器的建模与分析

以某12．7 mm机枪的磁流变(MR)后坐阻尼器为研究对象,基于Herschel-Bulkley本构模型,建立了该MR后坐阻尼器的轴对称一维层流模型。运用ANSYS软件,对该阻尼器的MR阀进行了磁场有限元分析,求得了环状间隙间MR流体的磁通密度。将MR流体流动模型和MR阀有限元结果相结合,建立了不同磁场作用下阻尼力随活塞速度的变化规律,利用这些规律对该阻尼器的落锤撞击试验和实弹射击试验进行了数值仿真。理论与试验结果的对比指出,在低磁场作用的情况下,理论与试验结果具有较好的一致性。     

磁流体行为指数对磁流变冲击阻尼器性能的影响

根据应用于火炮的冲击型磁流变(MR)阻尼器的特点,基于Herschel-Bu lkley本构模型,建立了某25 mm火炮磁流变后坐阻尼器的平行板一维层流模型,获得了不同磁场作用下阻尼力随活塞速度的变化规律。根据某单管25 mm火炮的后坐运动方程,计算了不同MR流体行为指数下,火炮的后坐位移和后坐速度,评价了MR流体行为指数对后坐阻尼器行为的影响。     

滞回模型磁流变减振器半主动悬架模糊控制

为了获得磁流变减振器便于控制的精确力学模型,在正弦激励下对磁流变减振器进行了特性试验,利用试验数据拟合了一种滞回模型,以此来表示磁流变减振器的动态响应特性,比较由此模型仿真和实测的阻尼力,表明此模型既能较好地描述其滞回特征,亦能简单明了地表达逆向动态特性,可在开环控制策略下容易地获得理想的阻尼力,利用此模型设计了一个开环控制策略下的模糊控制器,比较所设计的模糊控制器和天棚控制器及被动悬架的性能,采用四分之一悬架模型采进行分析和仿真,随机路面激励下的数值仿真进一步证实了此控制器的有效性,其综合性能比天棚控制和被动悬架均有较大幅度的提高.     

Study on damping properties of magnetorheological damper

To research the properties of a new kind of smart controllable MR (magnetorheological) fluid, in this paper, the rheological models are discussed. On the basis of analyzing the structural forms of MR dampers, an improved structure of the MR damper is introduced; the properties of the novel MR damper are then tested. The experimental results reveal that the Herschel-Bulkley model predicts the force-velocity well; the damping properties of the ameliorated structure of the MR damper have improved; when the excitation is a trigonal signal, the MR damper reveals a thinning effect at high velocity; and when the excitation is a sinusoidal signal, the MR damper reveals a nonlinear hysteretic property between the damping force and relative velocity. Finally, the main unsolved problems have been put forward. __________ Translated from Ningxia Engineering Technology, 2005, 24 (4) (in Chinese)     

基于ARMA模型的磁流变振动系统精确建模与性能研究

为了研究自主研制的磁流变减振器及其振动系统的动态性能,建立了未经简化的磁流变振动系统的动力学四阶系统模型,通过四阶系统分母多项式与时间序列ARMA模型系数的对应关系推导出动态特性参数的计算公式,将不同工况条件下实验检测信号进行傅里叶变换滤去谐振成分,利用公式计算获得了系统动态特性参数,与三阶系统建模比较分析了建模精度以及系统的动态性能。研究分析表明,基于ARMA模型的四阶系统比三阶系统具有更高的模拟精度,尤其在中高工作频率范围优势更为明显,推导得出的动态性能参数的分析为系统选取了合适的工况,分析结果可作为磁流变减振器及振动系统性能预测与评价的依据,其方法可供同类高阶系统动态性能分析推广与借鉴。     

MR阻尼器控制与滞环特性相分离的F-v模型

提出了一种基于对称和不对称Sigmoid函数,描述半主动可控磁流变液(MR)阻尼器阻尼力—相对速度(F-v)数学模型。该模型准确地描述了MR阻尼器非线性饱和的直流电流控制和对称滞环F-v的工作特性,以及激励频率和幅度对阻尼力的强影响特性,具有精度高和电流控制增益与滞环算子相分离的特点。将该模型与车辆悬架动力学模型结合分析,仿真结果表明MR阻尼器对实现新一代智能车辆悬架系统设计有潜在的意义,所提出的模型对进一步推动车辆悬架减振控制器设计研究有重要作用。     

磁流变阻尼器等效线性阻尼系数计算

基于修正的Bouc_Wen模型分析了磁流变阻尼器的性能,并计算了其等效线性阻尼系数;基于修正的Bouc_Wen模型的仿真数据,通过曲线拟合回归分析方法建立了磁流变阻尼器等效线性阻尼系数与控制电压以及磁流变阻尼器运动振幅之间的关系模型,并验证了模型精度。研究结果显示,等效线性阻尼系数模型具有较高的精度,相对误差低于1%;对于应用强非线性磁流变阻尼器的振动系统,在给定频率下,利用等效线性阻尼系数模型可以有效提高系统振动及稳定性分析的计算效率。该研究为磁流变阻尼器的控制应用提供了理论依据。     

磁流变减振器磁场特性分析及试验研究

设计了磁流变减振器磁芯磁路,建立了磁路的仿真模型,仿真研究了磁路的磁场特性,用实验的方法对仿真模型进行了验证和修正;在此基础上,建立了整个磁流变减振器的仿真模型,仿真研究了其磁场分布规律及不同参数下阻尼孔附近的磁通密度.研究结果表明,磁芯直径、工作缸壁厚、阻尼通道长度和线圈电流是影响磁场特性的主要因素,合理选择磁路结构参数可使其性能得到最大发挥.设计并制造出一种车辆单筒充气式磁流变减振器,对其进行了台架试验,得到不同电流下的减振器示功特性图,研究发现,通过调节减振器励磁线圈中的电流获得不同强度的磁场,在磁场作用下,磁流变液粘度发生变化,从而改变减振器的阻尼特性,减振器的饱和工作电流约为2A.试验验证了磁路设计的正确性,并为实现车辆磁流变半主动空气悬架控制研究奠定了基础.     

基于AR模型-分形维的磁流变减振器性能研究

建立了磁流变减振器的动力学方程,利用与其同阶的时间序列AR模型的对应关系,推导出基于时间序列的动态特性参数计算公式,在不同工况下振动实验检测获得时间序列,计算了动态特性参数、时间序列分形盒维数和系统特征根实部,以及这些参数间的相关系数,拟合了动态特性参数、分形盒维数、工况参数三者相互间的关系曲线,分析了磁流变减振器性能变化。分析结果表明,AR(2)模型对减振器振动信号有较高的模拟精度,基于时间序列AR模型的动态特性参数求解方法便捷有效;时间序列盒维数与动态特性参数间存在高度相关,可作为量化衡量系统振动平稳性和响应快速性综合动态特性的参数,可配合特征根选取磁流变减振器的最佳工况。     

磁流变减振器原理

这里分析了一种磁流变减振器的原理,用粘度模型描述了磁流变液随外加磁场变化的流变特性,得到的阻尼力方程为这种减振器的设计提供了理论基础。研究结果表明:随着外加磁场的增加,磁流变液的表观粘度增加,减振器产生的阻尼力增大。     

基于有限元仿真的磁流变阻尼器性能研究

对双线圈活塞式磁流变阻尼器结构和工作原理进行分析,应用ANSYS软件对阻尼器磁场有限元仿真,证明励磁线圈电流异向时磁场的利用效率更高,并且建立电流异向时阻尼间隙磁感应强度和电流的函数表达式,结合阻尼力模型和磁流变液的材料特性,得出阻尼力关于电流值和活塞运动速度的理论关系。通过阻尼器台架试验,对理论关系进行验证,结果表明:理论值准确的描述了阻尼力变化规律。为磁流变阻尼器设计及改进提供方法。     

Skyhook-based semi-active control of full-vehicle suspension with magneto-rheological dampers

The control study of vehicle semi-active suspension with magneto-rheological (MR) dampers has been attracted much attention internationally. However, a simple, real time and easy implementing semi-active controller has not been proposed for the MR full-vehicle suspension system, and a systematic analysis method has not been established for evaluating the multi-objective suspension performances of MR full-vehicle vertical, pitch and roll motions. For this purpose, according to the 7-degree of freedom (DOF) fullvehicle dynamic system, a generalized 7-DOF MR and passive full-vehicle dynamic model is set up by employing the modified Boucwen hysteretic force-velocity (F-v) model of the MR damper. A semi-active controller is synthesized to realize independent control of the four MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension systems in the full-vehicle, which is on the basis of the proposed modified skyhook damping scheme of MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension system. The proposed controller can greatly simplify the controller design complexity of MR full-vehicle suspension and has merits of easy implementation in real application, wherein only absolute velocities of sprung and unsprung masses with reference to the road surface are required to measure in real time when the vehicle is moving. Furthermore, a systematic analysis method is established for evaluating the vertical, pitch and roll motion properties of both MR and passive full-vehicle suspensions in a more realistic road excitation manner, in which the harmonic, rounded pulse and real road measured random signals with delay time are employed as different road excitations inserted on the front and rear two wheels, by considering the distance between front and rear wheels in full-vehicle. The above excitations with different amplitudes are further employed as the road excitations inserted on left and right two wheels for evaluating the roll motion property. The multi-objective suspension performances of ride comfort and handling safety of the proposed MR full-vehicle suspensi     

Semi-active Sliding Mode Control of Vehicle Suspension with Magneto-rheological Damper

The vehicle semi-active suspension with magneto-rheological damper(MRD) has been a hot topic since this decade, in which the robust control synthesis considering load variation is a challenging task. In this paper, a new semi-active controller based upon the inverse model and sliding mode control(SMC) strategies is proposed for the quarter-vehicle suspension with the magneto-rheological(MR) damper, wherein an ideal skyhook suspension is employed as the control reference model and the vehicle sprung mass is considered as an uncertain parameter. According to the asymptotical stability of SMC, the dynamic errors between the plant and reference systems are used to derive the control damping force acquired by the MR quarter-vehicle suspension system. The proposed modified Bouc-wen hysteretic force-velocity(F-v) model and its inverse model of MR damper, as well as the proposed continuous modulation(CM) filtering algorithm without phase shift are employed to convert the control damping force into the direct drive current of the MR damper. Moreover, the proposed semi-active sliding mode controller(SSMC)-based MR quarter-vehicle suspension is systematically evaluated through comparing the time and frequency domain responses of the sprung and unsprung mass displacement accelerations, suspension travel and the tire dynamic force with those of the passive quarter-vehicle suspension, under three kinds of varied amplitude harmonic, rounded pulse and real-road measured random excitations. The evaluation results illustrate that the proposed SSMC can greatly suppress the vehicle suspension vibration due to uncertainty of the load, and thus improve the ride comfort and handling safety. The study establishes a solid theoretical foundation as the universal control scheme for the adaptive semi-active control of the MR full-vehicle suspension decoupled into four MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension systems.     

基于有限元方法的磁流变阻尼器多目标优化设计

在分析了影响磁流变阻尼器阻尼性能的参数基础上,建立了磁流变阻尼器的多目标结构优化设计数学模型。结合磁场与结构耦合分析,利用一阶优化有限元法对其进行了优化计算,优化达到了预期的效果,为磁流变阻尼器多目标结构优化设计提供了参考依据。     

基于神经网络的磁流变阻尼器逆控制研究

为了解决阻尼器的非线性问题,设计了一种纯剪切型磁流变阻尼器,并针对其非线性特性,提出了利用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络的非线性映射能力,以建立磁流变阻尼器的逆模型。由已训练的磁流变（MR）阻尼器的逆向神经网络模型和MR阻尼器组成的控制单元,在给定所需控制力的情况下,使MR阻尼器产生相应的阻尼力,实现了MR阻尼器提供连续可调输出力的目的,也使得纯剪切型MR阻尼器在一些需要精确控制的场合能够方便使用。仿真结果表明,神经网络逆控制的方法是有效的、可行的。     

Vibration control of a structure using Magneto-Rheological grease damper

This paper describes an application study of Magneto-Rheological (MR) grease damper to a structure with three stories. MR fluid is known as one of successful smart materials whose rheological properties can be varied by magnetic field strength, and has been applied to various kinds of device such as dampers, clutches, engine mounts, etc. However, ferromagnetic particles dispersed in MR fluid settle out of the suspension after a certain interval due to the density difference between the particles and their career fluid. To overcome this defect, we have developed a new type of controllable working fluid using grease as the career of magnetic particles. Network of thickener in grease is expected to hold the magnetic particles and prevent them from settled down. No or little sedimentation was observed in MR grease whose characteristics could be controlled by the magnetic field strength. MR grease was introduced into a cylindrical damper and its performance was studied. As a result, it was confirmed that the damping force of MR grease damper could be controlled by the applied electric current to the coil in the cylinder of damper. Furthermore, vibration response of a three-story model structure equipped with MR grease damper was investigated experimentally, and it was shown that MR grease damper worked effectively as a semi-active damper.     

GENERALIZED ASYMMETRIC HYSTERESIS MODEL OF CONTROLLABLE MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPER FOR VEHICLE SUSPENSION ATTENUATION

A generalized model is synthesized to charaterize the asymmetric hysteresis force-velocity(F-v) properties of the magneto-rheological (MR fluids damper. The model is represented as afunction of the command current, excitation frequency, and displasement amplitude, based on thesymmetric and asymmetric sigmoid functions. The symmetric hysteresis damping properties of thecotrollable MR.damper and properties of the conventional passive hydraulic damper can also bedescribed by the proposed model. The validity of the model is verified by experiments, which showthat the results calculated from the model are consistent with the measured data. In addition, it isshown that the model applies to a wide vibration frequency range. The proposed model has potentialapplication in vehicle suspension design employing the symmetry MR-damper, and also in developingtie asymmetry MR-Damper especially for the vehicle suspension attenuation.     

新型磁流变阻尼器设计与仿真模型的建立

分析了车辆减震用磁流变阻尼器的设计应满足的要求,针对现有磁流变阻尼器存在的问题和车辆工况需求,通过结构设计和优化,提出了一种单向流动式磁流变阻尼器的设计方案,并对原理进行了说明。建立了减震系统模型和磁流变阻尼器模型,并进行了仿真,结果表明新型磁流变阻尼器满足车辆减振用磁流变阻尼器的设计要求。