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人际同步在个体构建社会交流系统的过程中发挥着重要作用,系统回顾文献发现孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童在社会互动中,行为、认知和情感不同层面都表现出人际同步减少或中断。进一步的神经影像证据发现,ASD儿童与同伴之间大脑同步性协调反应降低或中断,较难实现内隐心理状态的共享和外显互动行为的同步。未来研究可能要从认知固化、行为不协调和情感表达失衡3个方面来构建ASD儿童非典型人际同步模型,并探索ASD儿童非典型人际同步是个体发育受损的产物,还是个体发育受损的潜在机制。 相似文献
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孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组神经发育性障碍,其特征是不同程度社会交往障碍,以及狭隘兴趣和刻板行为,症状在儿童早期出现并通常持续整个生命周期。中国大陆于2006年第2次全国残疾人抽样调查时将ASD纳入精神残疾范畴,并制定了《儿童孤独症诊疗康复指南》。对ASD的研究日益受到专业工作者的重视,但多集中在早期评估诊断及综合干预,对于ASD儿童的入学安置、学校表现及入学后社会技能的发展等则相对较少。该文简述ASD儿童在学校的表现及社会技能的发展,以期为国内学龄期ASD儿童学业及社会技能的持续支持提供参考。 相似文献
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孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组神经发育性障碍,其特征是不同程度社会交往障碍,以及狭隘兴趣和刻板行为,症状在儿童早期出现并通常持续整个生命周期。中国大陆于2006年第2次全国残疾人抽样调查时将ASD纳入精神残疾范畴,并制定了《儿童孤独症诊疗康复指南》。对ASD的研究日益受到专业工作者的重视,但多集中在早期评估诊断及综合干预,对于ASD儿童的入学安置、学校表现及入学后社会技能的发展等则相对较少。该文简述ASD儿童在学校的表现及社会技能的发展,以期为国内学龄期ASD儿童学业及社会技能的持续支持提供参考。 相似文献
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孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种主要症状为社会交往障碍、重复刻板行为及狭隘兴趣为特征的神经发育障碍性疾病。病因极为复杂,目前集中在遗传及环境因素两大方面。由于发病机制不明,尚无有效的治疗方法。随着对ASD研究的深入,发现ASD患儿普遍存在胃肠道疾病及肠道菌群的改变。最近的研究显示,肠道神经系统和中枢神经系统之间存在双向互动,称之为微生物-肠-脑轴。肠道菌群通过神经内分泌、神经免疫和肠道神经系统调控大脑功能,进而影响大脑发育和行为。故肠道菌群的失衡可能与ASD的发生有关。本文将总结至今肠道菌群对ASD的作用和相关治疗进展。 相似文献
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孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组以社会交往障碍、言语和非言语交流障碍、狭隘兴趣与刻板行为为主要特征的神经发育障碍性疾病。眼神注视的异常是ASD的临床表现之一,也是ASD儿童早期出现的行为学标记,随着眼动追踪技术的不断发展,眼动成为ASD领域的研究热点。现就ASD儿童的眼动特征以及眼动追踪技术在ASD早期识别、诊断以及干预中的相关研究进行综述。 相似文献
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孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组神经发育障碍性疾病,表现为严重程度不一的社会交流交往障碍、重复刻板行为及兴趣范围狭窄。ASD已成为我国儿童及青少年精神疾病致残的重要原因之一,早期干预有利于患儿的预后。然而,ASD的诊断常存在漏诊和误诊现象,本文综合以往研究,分析ASD漏诊和误诊的表现类型及原因,探讨可能的应对措施。 相似文献
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王娜 《中国城乡企业卫生》2018,(5)
孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种起病于婴幼儿时期严重的发育障碍性的神经疾病,主要表现为社交障碍、沟通交流障碍和刻板重复的行为。本文从病因、诊断、治疗三方面进行综述:ASD的病因主要包括感染和免疫因素、遗传因素、代谢障碍、脑血流灌注不足等因素;ASD诊断主要采取问卷方式,应用行为检查量表对患儿进行日常行为、症状的询问确诊;ASD治疗主要以康复教育和训练为干预手段,药物作为辅助手段以提高患儿语言能力、认知理解、智力等。早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗,使ASD患儿得到积极救治,有助于患儿尽早融入社会,减轻家庭及社会负担。 相似文献
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刘步云 《中国儿童保健杂志》2012,20(4):336-339
孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)病因未明,神经心理学认为其功能障碍在大脑存在特异的神经环路及代偿机制。事件相关电位(event-related potential,ERP)作为重要的神经心理学实验工具在ASD的早期神经标记及内表型研究中具有独特的优势,甚至可能为早期发现提供线索。本文主要从视知觉、听知觉和执行功能三个方面综述ASD相关的ERP研究进展。 相似文献
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孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组神经发育障碍性疾病,主要表现为社会情感互动、语言和非言语交流障碍,不能建立和发展伙伴关系,影响社会性发展。传统的诊断工具如《孤独症诊断观察量表-修订版》、《孤独症诊断访谈量表》以及干预措施如应用行为分析法、结构化教育、社交故事等虽已应用于临床,但ASD的早期精准诊断与治疗仍面临各种挑战。人工智能的发展将临床医学带入智能时代,人工智能在医学领域的应用为ASD的诊断时效性和精准性以及其核心症状的改善提供广阔前景。不足的医疗资源,昂贵的治疗成本等因素导致的ASD康复难题将由于人工智能的介入而有望得以解决。本文查阅近年文献,从机器学习、虚拟现实技术、机器人介导下的ASD干预以及人工智能在ASD康复领域中应用的伦理学和发展前景四方面进行论述。 相似文献
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郑毅 《中国儿童保健杂志》2018,26(4):349-351
正孤独症(autism)患病率高达0.1%~1%~[1-2],终身影响和社会负担之重已经引起广泛重视和重点研究。在2013年颁布的美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版(DSM-5)中将孤独症归入孤独谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)~[3-4]。ASD是指以社会交往困难,语言交流障碍和兴趣范围狭窄及刻板行为主要临床表现的一组神经发育障碍。包含了 相似文献
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There has been enormous debate regarding the possibility of a link between childhood vaccinations and the subsequent development of autism. This has in recent times become a major public health issue with vaccine preventable diseases increasing in the community due to the fear of a ‘link’ between vaccinations and autism. We performed a meta-analysis to summarise available evidence from case-control and cohort studies on this topic (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar up to April, 2014). Eligible studies assessed the relationship between vaccine administration and the subsequent development of autism or autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Two reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Disagreement was resolved by consensus with another author. Five cohort studies involving 1,256,407 children, and five case-control studies involving 9,920 children were included in this analysis. The cohort data revealed no relationship between vaccination and autism (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.06) or ASD (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.20), nor was there a relationship between autism and MMR (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.70 to 1.01), or thimerosal (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.31), or mercury (Hg) (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.07). Similarly the case-control data found no evidence for increased risk of developing autism or ASD following MMR, Hg, or thimerosal exposure when grouped by condition (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.98; p = 0.02) or grouped by exposure type (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.95; p = 0.01). Findings of this meta-analysis suggest that vaccinations are not associated with the development of autism or autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, the components of the vaccines (thimerosal or mercury) or multiple vaccines (MMR) are not associated with the development of autism or autism spectrum disorder. 相似文献
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社会沟通与交往障碍是孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的核心缺陷。ASD表现形式多样、个体差异巨大,严重阻碍了ASD儿童社会适应能力的发展,影响其生活质量,及生存能力建立。本文从ASD儿童的社会沟通与交往障碍的表现与发生机制两方面对该领域的研究进行综述。 相似文献
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手势先于语言产生,促进语言的发展。孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童手势的类型和功能存在非典型使用及发展,手势-语言轨迹发展缓慢,可以成为ASD儿童的一个关键早期行为标记。手势的发展与后期语言、认知、社交和ASD诊断显著相关,应对ASD儿童的早期手势功能进行评估和监测。针对手势特点进行个性化训练,增加儿童社会参与和学习潜能,以手势为中介促进语言、认知及社交发展,提高康复效果。 相似文献
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目的 了解孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)队列研究现状,探讨基于真实世界数据(RWD)构建ASD专病队列的可行性。方法 检索、筛选主要中英文数据库中截至2022年12月发表的ASD队列研究,归纳ASD队列研究特点。结果 共纳入ASD队列研究1 702篇,我国仅有60项(3.53%)。筛选出ASD相关队列163个,其中55.83%为出生队列,28.22%为ASD专病队列,4.91%为ASD高危人群队列;多数队列利用医院注册登记等RWD或开展社区现场调查获取研究对象信息,并通过量表或临床诊断确认ASD患者。研究内容包括ASD发生及预后相关危险因素研究、ASD共病模式研究及ASD对自身其他健康状况和对子代健康影响的研究。结论 目前发达国家ASD队列研究全面丰富,我国仍处于起步阶段。RWD为ASD专病队列构建提供了数据基础,也带来了研究的新机遇,但仍需开展病例验证等工作保证队列建设的科学性。 相似文献
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静息态功能磁共振成像作为非侵入性且可视化成像方法,数据采集简便易行,已成为探索孤独谱系障碍(ASD)患者脑功能变化的主要成像手段。目前认为大尺度脑网络的模式提供了一种新的方式,可以进一步了解包括ASD在内的神经精神疾病的脑网络异常。本文对ASD患者核心脑网络功能连接的变化及其与症状的关系进行综述。 相似文献
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Michelle A. Chernikova Genesis D. Flores Emily Kilroy Jennifer S. Labus Emeran A. Mayer Lisa Aziz-Zadeh 《Nutrients》2021,13(12)
Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most prevalent physiological symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body of largely preclinical research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiota may modulate brain function and social behavior, yet little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships and how they may influence the pathogenesis or severity of ASD. While various genetic and environmental risk factors have been implicated in ASD, this review aims to provide an overview of studies elucidating the mechanisms by which gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and the brain interact to influence behavior and ASD development, in at least a subgroup of individuals with gastrointestinal problems. Specifically, we review the brain-gut-microbiome system and discuss findings from current animal and human studies as they relate to social-behavioral and neurological impairments in ASD, microbiota-targeted therapies (i.e., probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) in ASD, and how microbiota may influence the brain at molecular, structural, and functional levels, with a particular interest in social and emotion-related brain networks. A deeper understanding of microbiome-brain-behavior interactions has the potential to inform new therapies aimed at modulating this system and alleviating both behavioral and physiological symptomatology in individuals with ASD. 相似文献
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《Vaccine》2020,38(7):1794-1803
BackgroundFear of autism has led to a decline in childhood-immunization uptake and to a resurgence of preventable infectious diseases. Identifying characteristics of parents who believe in a causal role of vaccines for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their child may help targeting educational activities and improve adherence to the immunization schedule.ObjectivesTo compare caregivers of children with ASD who agree or disagree that vaccines play an etiological role in autism for 1) socio-demographics characteristics and 2) developmental and clinical profiles of their children.MethodsData from 16,525 participants with ASD under age 18 were obtained from SPARK, a national research cohort started in 2016. Caregivers completed questionnaires at registration that included questions on beliefs about the etiologic role of childhood immunizations and other factors in ASD. Data were available about family socio-demographic characteristics, first symptoms of autism, developmental regression, co-occurring psychiatric disorders, seizures, and current levels of functioning.ResultsParticipants with ASD were 80.4% male with a mean age of 8.1 years (SD = 4.1). Overall, 16.5% of caregivers endorsed immunizations as perceived causes of autism. Compared to caregivers who disagreed with vaccines as a cause for ASD, those who believed in vaccine causation came disproportionately from ethnic minority, less educated, and less wealthy backgrounds. More often their children had experienced developmental regression involving language and other skills, were diagnosed earlier, had lost skills during the second year of life, and had worse language, adaptive, and cognitive outcomes.ConclusionOne in six caregivers who participate in a national research cohort believe that child immunizations could be a cause of autism in their child. Parent social background (non-White, less educated) and child developmental features (regression in second year, poorer language skills, and worse adaptive outcomes) index caregivers who are more likely to harbor these beliefs and could benefit from targeted educational activities. 相似文献