前列腺特异性抗原新参数在早期前列腺癌筛查中的作用

目的探讨前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及相关新参数在前列腺癌(PCa)早期筛查的诊断作用。方法回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院2015年6月至2018年9月行前列腺穿刺患者的临床资料,比较新参数前列腺游离抗原比值比前列腺特异性抗原密度[(f/t)/PSAD]、PSA质量(PSAM)、PSA质量比(PSAMR)与总PSA(tPSA)、游离PSA(fPSA)、PSA游离抗原比值(f/t PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)等指标对PCa筛查的预测作用。结果本研究共纳入717例患者,其中病理确诊PCa317例,BPH 400例。当PSA在0～20ng/mL时,tPSA、f/t PSA、PSAD、(f/t)/PSAD、PSAM及PSAMR在PCa组和BPH组中差异具有显著性统计学意义(P0.05)。当PSA在20～100ng/mL时,除f/t PSA外(P0.05),tPSA、PSAD、(f/t)/PSAD、PSAM及PSAMR在两组中差异具有显著性统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 (f/t)/PSAD在PSA灰区时诊断效能最高,取截点为0.475时,灵敏度为72.28%,特异度为61.07%。PSAMR在灰区外诊断效能较好,取截点为0.135时,灵敏度为66.17%,特异度为55.95%。而PSAM对于前列腺癌的诊断作用不强。     

PSAD与双参数前列腺磁共振联合应用在前列腺癌诊断中的意义

目的 评估前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)、双参数前列腺磁共振单一检测及二者联合在前列腺癌患者中的诊断价值。方法 对169例前列腺穿刺的患者进行了回顾性研究（所有患者均于穿刺前行前列腺MRI检查）。通过记录每位患者的PSAD和双参数前列腺磁共振（由T2WI序列及DWI序列组成）结果，进而通过回归曲线和逻辑回归分析，评价PSAD和双参数前列腺磁共振（bp-MR）在前列腺癌早期诊断中的临床应用价值。结果 PI-RADS评分在ROC曲线下的面积为（0．890±0．027），PSAD在ROC曲线下的面积为（0．843±0．031）， bp-MR与PSAD联合检测在ROC曲线下的面积为（0．932±0．020）。PSAD、PI-RADS评分及二者联合的敏感度分别为67．4%、84．3%、84．3%，特异度分别为90．0%、91．2%、87．5%。结论 bp-MR对于前列腺癌的预测效果要显著强于PSAD，，并且PSAD与bp-MR两种检测方法相结合能够显著提高临床上早期前列腺癌的诊断效能。     

FPSA/TPSA、PSAD联合多参数磁共振成像PI-RADS评分在诊断PSA灰区前列腺癌中的作用

目的探讨游离前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)与总PSA的比值(FPSA/TPSA)、PSA密度(PSAD)联合多参数磁共振成像(mp-MRI)PI-RADS(前列腺影像数据与报告系统)评分在PSA灰区前列腺癌(PCa)中的诊断价值。方法选取2016年5月至2018年8月在本院就诊的PSA灰区、经前列腺穿刺活检确诊为前列腺癌或良性前列腺增生(BPH)的患者117例,统计上述患者FPSA、TPSA、多参数磁共振PI-RADS评分数据,计算FPSA/TPSA、PSAD,比较两组患者各项指标的差异,并使用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析FPSA/TPSA、PSAD及多参数磁共振PI-RADS评分对PSA灰区前列腺癌的诊断价值。结果两组患者的年龄、FPSA、TPSA、FPSA/TPSA差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但两组患者PSAD、多参数磁共振PI-RADS评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析结果显示FPSA/TPSA、PSAD联合PI-RADS评分检测对PCa及BPH患者曲线下面积AUC=0.771(P<0.01)。结论对于PSA在灰区的患者,PSAD、PI-RADS评分对诊断前列腺癌有显著价值。FPSA/TPSA、PSAD联合多参数磁共振成像PI-RADS评分在诊断PSA灰区前列腺癌方面有重要应用价值。     

（F/T）/PSAD在血清PSA〈4ng/mL前列腺癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨游离前列腺特异性抗原百分比/前列腺特异性抗原密度[（F/T）/PSAD]在前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）小于4 ng/mL的前列腺癌诊断中的意义。方法回顾分析血清PSA〈4 ng/mL的17例前列腺癌患者及同期血清PSA〈4 ng/mL的前列腺增生患者31例的临床资料,分析FPSA/TPSA、PSAD、（F/T）/PSAD值对PSA正常范围前列腺癌的诊断效率。结果前列腺癌组与前列腺增生组比较,FPSA/TPSA、PSAD、（F/T）/PSAD值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,在敏感性为90%的前提下,（F/T）/PSAD特异性最高。结论在保持较高敏感性的前提下,应用（F/T）/PSAD可提高血清PSA正常范围内前列腺癌诊断特异性,提高早期前列腺癌的诊断率。     

PSAD在PSA 4～10ng患者前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨前列腺特异性抗原密度（PSAD）在前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）值介于4～10ng之间患者前列腺腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析183例血清PSA值介于4～10ng之间疑似前列腺癌患者的临床资料,所有患者均经直肠B超测得前列腺体积后再行经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺术,通过接受者工作特征曲线分析法评价PSAD在预测诊断前列腺癌中的应用价值。结果 183例患者中36例经直肠超声下前列腺活检的患者被诊断为前列腺癌,占19.7%。良性前列腺增生组与前列腺癌患者之间,PSA（0.681 5）与PSAD（0.721 4）的曲线下方面积比较相似,而游离前列腺特异性抗原与总前列腺特异性抗原比值（f/tPSA）的曲线下面积只有0.318 2,相比PSA,PSAD值将是一个更好的预测前列腺癌的指标。结论 PSAD对于PSA值介于4～10ng/mL的中国患者是一项更好的预测前列腺癌的指标。     

血清PSA含量及前列腺PSA密度与经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的关系

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术前列腺癌检出率与血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及血清前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)的关系。方法对134例患者行经直肠超声引导下前列腺5区13针系统穿刺活检。根据PSA水平分为PSA≤4ng/ml组(7例)、4ng/mlPSA15ng/ml组(48例)及PSA≥15ng/ml组(79例)。测量并计算前列腺体积(PV)及PSAD,分析前列腺癌检出率及不同PSA、PSAD水平下对前列腺癌的诊断效能。比较前列腺癌与非前列腺癌患者PSA、PV及PSAD的差异。结果前列腺癌总检出率为50.75%(68/134),前列腺患者共68例(前列腺癌组),非前列腺癌患者共66例(非前列腺啊组)。PSA≤4ng/ml、4ng/mlPSA≤15ng/ml及PSA15ng/ml组前列腺癌检出率分别为14.29%(1/7)、20.83%(10/48)及72.15%(57/79),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PSA≥4ng/ml时前列腺癌检出率随着PSA值的增高而上升。134例患者PSAD值为(1.09±1.72)ng/(ml·cm3),以PSAD≥0.19ng/(ml·cm3)为截点诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为95.59%(65/68),特异度为51.52%(34/66),阳性预测值67.01%(65/97),阴性预测值为32.99%(32/97)。4ng/mlPSA≤15ng/ml组中,以PSAD≥0.19ng/(ml.cm3)为截点诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为80.00%(8/10),特异度为71.05%(27/38),阳性预测值为42.11%(8/19),阴性预测值为57.89%(11/19)。前列腺癌组PSA及PSAD值均高于非前列腺癌组(P均0.05),PV小于非前列腺癌组(P0.05)。4ng/mlPSA≤15ng/ml组中,前列腺癌与非前列腺癌患者PSA及PV差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05),前列腺癌患者PSAD高于非前列腺癌患者(P0.05)。结论血清PSA及PSAD均与前列腺穿刺活检前列腺癌检出率有关,PSA15ng/ml应行穿刺活检,PSAD对4ng/mlPSA≤15ng/ml的患者是否应行穿刺活检具有指导意义。     

游离前列腺特异抗原百分比/前列腺特异抗原密度在前列腺癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨游离前列腺特异抗原百分比（FPSA／TPSA值）／前列腺特异抗原密度[（F／T）／PSAD值]在前列腺癌诊断中的意义。方法回顾分析204例行经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检患者的诊断资料,其中前列腺癌90例、良性前列腺增生114例,分析总PSA（TPSA）、FPSA／TPSA值、PSAD、（F／T）／PSAD值等指标在判断前列腺癌的敏感性为90％时的截点及相应的特异性。结果不同血清PSA水平（〈4．0,4．0～,10．1～和〉20．0μg／L）的前列腺癌患者的（F／T）／PSAD值与良性前列腺增生患者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;前列腺癌患者的（F／T）／PSAD值低于良性前列腺增生患者;（F／T）／PSAD值比FPSA／TPSA值和PSAD更有助于提高诊断特异性,在敏感性为90％左右的前提下,FPSA／TPSA值的特异性为31．6％,PSAD的特异性为45．6％,（F／T）／PSAD值的特异性为64．0％;PSA水平不同,取的（F／T）／PSAD值截点也不同：PSA〈4．0μg/L时截点为2．5,PSA为4．0～20．0μg／L时截点为0．8;PSA〉20．0μg／L时截点为0．5。结论应用（F／T）／PSAD值能够在保持较高敏感性的前提下,显著提高前列腺癌诊断的特异性。     

前列腺增生症PSA、PSAD与患者的年龄、前列腺体积的关系

我们回顾了本研究所近年来病理诊断明确的前列腺增生的病列，来分析前列腺特异抗原（PSA），前列腺特异抗原密度（PSAD）与年龄和前列腺体积的关系。报告如下。     

基于多参数磁共振成像的PI-RADS第二版评分联合f/tPSA及PSAD在前列腺癌早期筛查中的预测价值

目的 探讨基于多参数磁共振成像的PI-RADS第二版评分联合f/t PSA及PSAD在前列腺癌早期筛查中的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年12月期间的289例疑似前列腺癌患者的临床资料,根据是否确诊前列腺癌分为前列腺癌组和非前列腺癌组,绘制患者PI-RADS第二版评分、f/tPSA及PSAD三项诊断指标的受试者工作特征曲线,并计算曲线下面积（AUC）,分析三个诊断指标以及联合指标对PCa的灵敏度和特异度。结果 一致性检验显示Kappa系数为0.798,说明两名医师的评分结果具有高度一致性。289例前列腺癌患者中,PCa组及非PCa组患者在PI-RADS第二版评分、f/t PSA及PSAD三项诊断指标的差异均有统计学意义。f/t PSA、PI-RADS第二版评分、PSAD三项诊断指标以及联合指标的AUC分别为0.633、0.796、0.785和0.908（P<0.001）。结论 基于多参数磁共振成像的PI-RADS第二版评分联合f/t PSA及PSAD可作为前列腺癌早期筛查的客观指标。     

PSAM和PSAMR与Gleason评分及临床分期的相关性研究

目的:探讨前列腺癌患者PSAM(PSA mass)和PSAMR(PSA mass ratio)与Gleason评分、临床分期及预后的相关性。方法:2013年2月~2015年12月期间我院经穿刺病理确诊为前列腺癌患者120例。采用Spearman等级相关回顾性分析PSAM和PSAMR与患者Gleason评分、临床分期及预后的相关关系。评价PSAM和PSAMR在前列腺癌诊疗及预后中的价值。结果:在全部患者中,Spearman等级相关分析显示PSAM和PSAMR与Gleason评分、临床分期及预后呈正相关(P0.01)。结论:前列腺特异性抗原新参数PSAM和PSAMR对前列腺癌进展的评估及预测有重要意义。     

Clinical utility of PSAD combined with PI-RADS category for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer

PurposeThe goal of this study was to determine the predictive value of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) plus Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 526 men without known prostate cancer (initial diagnosis group) and 133 men with prostate cancer grade group 1 (active surveillance group) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging–guided and/or systematic prostate biopsy procedures between August 2014 and October 2018. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), PSAD, and PI-RADS category were entered into logistic regression models for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (grade group ≥2) at biopsy. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess model accuracy.ResultsThe area under the curve (AUC) increased when PSAD was combined with PI-RADS in the initial diagnosis group (difference in AUC = 0.031; 95% confidence interval: 0.012, 0.050; P = 0.002) but not in the active surveillance group (difference in AUC = 0.016; 95% confidence interval: –0.040, 0.071; P = 0.579). When a PSAD threshold of 0.15 was applied, the frequency of clinically significant prostate cancer in patients with a PI-RADS score of 3 or lower decreased from 9.8% to 5.6% in the initial diagnosis group and from 10.7% to 2.7% in the active surveillance group.ConclusionsThe addition of PSAD improves the predictive performance of PI-RADS in men without known prostate cancer. A PSAD threshold of 0.15 can help to minimize the number of missed clinically significant prostate cancer cases in men with a PI-RADS score of 3 or lower who decide to defer biopsy.     

血清PSA水平下降速率联合改良PI-RADS评分在鉴别前列腺良性疾病与前列腺癌中的价值

目的探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平下降速率联合改良前列腺影像报告和数据系统(PI-RADS)评分在鉴别前列腺良性疾病和前列腺癌中的价值。方法回顾分析80例行前列腺穿刺活检患者的临床资料,根据病理结果分为前列腺良性疾病组和前列腺癌组,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)确定阈值,比较两组PSA水平下降速率、PI-RADS评分、血常规和尿液白细胞等相关参数,采用t检验或Z检验等统计方法探讨这些参数在鉴别前列腺良性疾病和前列腺癌中的价值。结果两组相比,PSA水平下降速率、改良PI-RADS评分、淋巴细胞百分比和尿液白细胞差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组血常规中白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、单核细胞百分比差异无统计学意义(P>0.01)。通过ROC确定,PSA下降速率阈值为3.175 ng/mL时,对前列腺疾病鉴别诊断符合率最高。再结合改良PI-RADS评分,使得前列腺疾病诊断符合率大幅提升。结论使用血清PSA水平下降速率联合改良PI-RADS评分鉴别前列腺良性疾病和前列腺癌,可提高前列腺穿刺阳性率。     

Comparison of value of free-to total prostate specific antigen, prostate specific antigen density and prostate specific antigen density of transition zone for diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with a PSA level of 4.1-10 ng/ml

PURPOSE: We evaluated the utility of free-to total PSA (F/T PSA) ratio, PSA density (PSAD) and PSA density of the transition zone (PSATZ) in diagnosis of prostate cancer with intermediate PSA level (4.1-10 ng/ml). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2003, systematic prostate biopsies were performed on 178 patients with intermediate PSA level. The clinical values of F/T PSA ratio, PSAD and PSATZ for the detection of prostate cancer were compared by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Overall, 57 of the 178 (32%) patients had prostate carcinoma. The ROC curve analysis showed PSAD and PSATZ were superior to F/T PSA ratio in patients with intermediate PSA level. In patients with total prostate volume greater than 30 cm3, the area under the ROC curve for F/T PSA ratio was greater than that for PSAD and PSATZ. CONCLUSIONS: PSAD and PSATZ were more powerful predictors of prostate cancer than F/T PSA ratio in patients with intermediate PSA level. While F/T PSA ratio was effective for diagnosis of prostate cancer in prostate volume greater than 30 cm3.     

A nomogram based on PI-RADS v2.1 and clinical indicators for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer in the transition zone

BackgroundThis study attempted to develop a nomogram for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (cs-PCa) in the transition zone (TZ) with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) score based on biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bp-MRI) and clinical indicators.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 383 patients with suspicious prostate lesions in the TZ as a training cohort and 128 patients as the validation cohort from January 2015 to March 2020. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors for building a nomogram, and the performance of the nomogram was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the calibration curve and decision curve.ResultsThe PI-RADS v2.1 score and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) were independent predictors of TZ cs-PCa. The prediction model had a significantly higher AUC (0.936) than the individual predictors (0.914 for PI-RADS v2.1 score, P=0.045, 0.842 for PSAD, P<0.001). The nomogram showed good discrimination (AUC of 0.936 in the training cohort and 0.963 in the validation cohort) and favorable calibration. When the PI-RADS v2.1 score was combined with PSAD, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 80.7% and 93.8%, respectively, which were better than those of the PI-RADS v2.1 score (sensitivity, 74.2%; specificity, 92.5%) and PSAD (sensitivity, 66.1%; specificity, 88.2%).ConclusionsThe newly constructed nomogram exhibits satisfactory predictive accuracy and consistency for TZ cs-PCa. PI-RADS v2.1 based on bp-MRI is a strong predictor in the detection of TZ cs-PCa. Adding PSAD to PI-RADS v2.1 could improve its diagnostic performance, thereby avoiding unnecessary biopsies.     

PSA密度在PSA 2.5～10.0 ng/mL和10.1～20.0 ng/mL患者前列腺癌诊断价值的多中心研究

目的探讨前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)在前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)值位于2.5~10 ng/m L和10.1~20.0 ng/m L患者前列腺癌诊断的效能。方法回顾性分析广州地区两家医院中PSA在2.5~20.0 ng/m L之间,行经直肠前列腺体积测量并行前列腺穿刺的461名患者临床资料,入选者分为PSA 2.5~10.0 ng/m L和PSA10.1~20.0 ng/m L两组,通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析法评价PSAD与PSA在预测前列腺癌的诊断效力。结果 PSA 2.5~10.0 ng/m L和PSA 10.1~20.0 ng/ml两组的曲线下面积比较,PSAD均高于PSA。在PSA 2.5~10.0 ng/m L组,PSAD预测前列腺癌的最佳临界点为0.15 ng·m L~(-1)·m L~(-1),敏感性和特异性分别为64.4%和64.6%;在PSA10.1~20.0 ng/m L组,PSAD预测前列腺癌的最佳临界点为0.33 ng·m L~(-1)·m L~(-1),敏感性和特异性分别为60.3%和82.7%。结论对于PSA2.5~10.0 ng/m L和10.1~20.0 ng/m L的中国男性,PSAD是一种更优的前列腺癌预测指标。     

尿液中CXCL16联合PSAD、fPSA%对PSA灰区前列腺癌患者的诊断价值

目的研究尿液中趋化因子配体16（CXCL16）以及血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、游离PSA/总PSA（fPSA%）、PSA密度（PSAD）等联合应用时对PSA灰区的前列腺癌患者的诊断价值。 方法应用回顾性分析方法,选取于2017年1月至2018年1月于广东省人民医院就诊且PSA质量浓度为4～10 μg/L的患者81例,其中前列腺癌患者24例(前列腺癌组),良性前列腺病变患者57例（良性组）,所有患者术前均预留尿标本,通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定尿液中的CXCL16水平,同时应用化学发光法检测各组的血清PSA水平等,进行统计学分析,绘制受试者工作特征曲线并计算曲线下面积。 结果81例血清PSA质量浓度为4～10 μg/L的患者中,前列腺癌组与良性组之间fPSA%、PSAD、CXCL16差异均有统计学意义（P值均<0.01）,而PSA水平差异无统计学意义（P=0.709）。PSAD、fPSA%、CXCL16及三者联合在诊断前列腺癌时受试者工作特征曲线的曲线下面积逐渐增高,分别为0.684、0.645、0.710、0.816。当以CXCL16≤2.4 ng/L为最佳截断点时,前列腺穿刺活检灰区诊断前列腺癌的敏感性为62.5%,特异性为78.9%。 结论尿液CXCL16作为一个新型的肿瘤标志物,可以用于前列腺肿瘤的筛查及诊断,联合PSAD,fPSA%以及尿液CXCL16有利于PSA灰区的前列腺癌患者的早期诊断。     

Prostatic volume and volume-adjusted prostate-specific antigen as predictive parameters for prostate cancer patients with intermediate PSA levels

The object of the study was to examine the usefulness of volume-adjusted prostate-specific antigen (PSA) parameters for prediction of prostate cancer in the patients with intermediate PSA levels. The subjects were 235 patients with intermediate PSA levels (range: 4.1-10.0 ng/ml) whose prostate volume (PV) and prostate transition zone volume (TZV) were evaluated between August 1996 and April 2004. PSA, PV, TZV, PSA density (PSAD) (PSA/PV) and PSA transition zone density (PSATZD) (PSA/TZV) were assessed with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). Simple and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the odds ratios of age, PSA, PSAD, PSATZD, PV, TZV, digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) findings. Fifty-five patients (23.4%) of 235 patients had biopsy-proven prostate cancer. The univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the mean values of age, PSAD, PSATZD, PV, TZV and DRE between the patients with cancer and the non-cancer patients. The ROC curve analysis revealed that PV, TZV, PSAD and PSATZD had significant predictive values as compared with that of PSA. However, there was no difference in AUC between them. The stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the age, PV, PSATZD and DRE had significant predictive values, and that PSATZD had the most predictive power. In conclusion, both PSAD and PSATZD had significant predictive values in discriminating prostate cancer. Furthermore, the stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that PSATZD had the strongest predictive value.