Fe-Si-Ge基合金的电学特性

含Ge的P型FeSi2基热电材料的电阻率有较大的下降，但仍保持较高的热电动势率．其功率因子有很大的提高。但对于N型FeSi2基热电材料．Ge的引入使样品向P型转变．并引起电学性能变差。可见，Ge的引入可提高P型FeSi2基热电材料的电学性能．Fe0.91Cr0.09Si1.6Ge0.4的功率因子达到β-FeSi2的10倍左右。     

La2Ni1-xFexO4＋δ复合氧化物的合成及表征

以EDTA为配位体,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了La2Ni1-xFexO4＋δ系复合氧化物,XRD结果表明,所有样品都具有K2NiF4型结构。通过碘量法测定结果表明Ni／Fe的平均化合价和样品的非化学计量氧含量,均随x的增加而增大;当x=0．2时,非化学计量氧含量最高为0．2462。通过FT—IR发现Fe的引入导致Ni-O键的振动加强,这有利于间隙氧离子的活动。交流阻抗法测定样品的离子电导率随x的增加而逐渐增大,同一样品离子电导率在低温段随温度的升高而增大,表现出小极化子占主要的电导作用。     

Ba2Fe1+xMo1-xO6双钙钛矿的制备与磁卡效应

采用湿化学法制备了一系列Ba2Fe1+xMo1-xO6双钙钛矿材料,研究了Fe/Mo原子比对其磁性能尤其是磁卡效应的影响.实验结果表明,随着x增加,样品的磁化强度由x=0时的37.3A·m2/kg(3.49μB/f.u.)下降到x=0.3时30.4A·m2/kg(2.78μB/f.u.);当x=0时,样品的最大磁熵变值为1.54J/kg·K.随着x增加,样品的最大磁熵变值逐渐下降,磁熵变随温度变化曲线的峰形变宽.     

Yb掺杂Ⅷ型Yb_xBa_(8-x)Ga_(16)Sn_(30)笼合物的制备及热电性能

本研究采用Sn熔剂法成功制备出Yb掺杂Ⅷ型笼合物Yb_xBa_(8-x)Ga_(16)Sn_(30)(0≤x≤2)热电材料,通过测试其电导率、Seebeck系数和Hall系数等分析材料的电性能,并估算其ZT值。结果表明:掺入Yb后材料的晶格常数随Yb含量的增加而减小。x=1.5样品的电导率在整个测试温度范围内均比其余样品高相比x=0的样品,其电导率提高了约60%,这是由于在载流子迁移率相当的情况下该样品拥有较高的载流子浓度。此外在300～583 K范围内,样品的电导率随温度的升高而降低表现出重掺杂半导体特性;而在583 K以后,电导率随温度的升高而增大,表现出半导体特性。在测试温度范围内(300～600 K),所有样品的Seebeck系数绝对值均随温度的升高先增大后降低。在所有样品中,x=1.5的样品具有最高的电导率,其在489 K时获得最大功率因子为2.43×10~(-3) W/(m·K~2)在此温度下其ZT值为1.35。     

(1-x)CaTiO_3/xNi_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4复合材料的制备及其性能

采用固相反应法合成了(1-x)CaTiO3/xNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4(0≤x≤1.0)复合材料,并研究了复合材料的物相、微观结构、介电性能和磁性能。结果表明:样品中仅含有钙钛矿型CaTiO3和尖晶石型Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4。1260℃保温3h,样品相对密度达到98.91%,颗粒尺寸约为2μm。样品介电常数随Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4含量(x)增加而增大。当x=0.7、测试频率为103 Hz时,样品介电常数(εr)和介电损耗(tanδ)分别为2629.18和1.74。(1-x)CaTiO3/xNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4复合材料显示磁性。其中x=0.7时,样品饱和磁化强度(Ms)达到49.07A·m2/kg;这归因于Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4具有优异的磁性能。     

快速凝固法制备（Ge1-ySnyTe）x（AgSbTe2）100-x化合物热电材料的电学性能

利用快速凝固方法制备了（GeTe）x（AgSbTe2）100-x（x=80，85，90）和（Ge1-ySnyTe）85（AgSbTe2）15（y=0.05，0．1，0．2，0．4）系列TAGS热电化合物。所得材料晶体结构属于菱形晶系，晶格常数随X的增加而减小，随Y的增加而增加。（GeTe）85（AgSbTe2）15样品有很好的电学性能，637K时功率因子可达3.40×10^-3W／m．K^2，在中温区（370-670K）功率因子最低值＞2．6×10^-3w／m．K^2。掺杂Sn提高了TAGS-85的电导率，但是Seebeck系数大幅下降导致了样品电功率因子下降。     

复相铁氧体材料的的放电等离子体烧结合成

采用化学共沉淀法制备了名义组成为xFe+BaFe12O19(0≤x≤1,△x=0.2)的共沉淀前驱体,研究了该前驱体在放电等离子体烧结条件下形成复相铁氧体材料的结晶行为和烧结体的磁性能.结果表明,所有烧结体中均没有Fe2O3中间相形成,x=0时烧结体为单相M型钡铁氧体(BaM),0相似文献   

β-FeSi2和β-Fe(C,Si)2薄膜的电子显微及X射线衍射研究

本文利用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对离子注入合成的 β FeSi2 和 β Fe(C ,Si) 2 薄膜进行了研究。对掺杂C前后样品的对比研究表明 ,选择C作为掺杂元素 ,能够得到界面平直、厚度均一的高质量 β相薄膜 ,晶粒得到细化 ,β FeSi2 层稳定性提高 ,因此从微结构角度考虑 ,引入C离子对于提高 β FeSi2 薄膜的质量是很有益处的。进一步进行光学吸收表征 ,发现C离子的引入对 β层的Edg 值没有产生明显影响。所以综合来说C离子的引入有利于得到高质量的 β FeSi2 薄膜。用掠入射X射线衍射和Celref程序精确地测量薄膜的晶格常数 ,当C/Fe的剂量比为 0 5 %时 ,尽管C的原子半径比Si的小 ,β相晶格却膨胀了 ,这可能是由于间隙固溶的原因。进一步增加掺杂量到一定的程度时 ,单胞体积会缩小 ,这是由于形成了置换固溶体 ,碳置换了 β单胞中的部分硅     

(Mg2Si1-xSbx)0.4-（Mg2Sn）0.6固溶体合金的制备及热电输运特性

以Mg、Si、Sn、Sb块体为原料,采用熔炼结合放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了n型(Mg2Si1-xSbx)0.4-(Mg2Sn)0.6(0≤x≤0.0625)系列固溶体合金.结构及热电输运特性分析结果表明:当Mg原料过量8wt%时,可以弥补熔炼过程中Mg的挥发损失,形成单相(Mg2Si1-xSbx)0.4-(Mg2Sn)0.6固溶体.烧结样品的晶胞随Sb掺杂量的增加而增大;电阻率随Sb掺杂量的增加先减小后增大,当样品中Sb掺杂量x≤0.025时,样品电阻率呈现出半导体输运特性,Sb掺杂量x>0.025时,样品电阻率呈现为金属输运特性.Seebeck系数的绝对值随Sb掺杂量的增加先减小后增大;热导率κ在Sb掺杂量x≤0.025时比未掺杂Sb样品的热导率低,在Sb掺杂量x>0.025时高于未掺杂样品的热导率,但所有样品的晶格热导率明显低于未掺杂样品的晶格热导率.实验结果表明Sb的掺杂有利于降低晶格热导率和电阻率,提高中温区Seebeck系数绝对值;其中(Mg2Si0.95Sb0.05)0.4-(Mg2Sn)0.6合金具有最大ZT值,并在723 K附近取得最大值约为1.22.     

Sm2O3掺杂Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5基陶瓷的结构与性能

研究了Sm2O3掺杂的bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5(BZN)基陶瓷(Bi1.5-xSmxZn0.5)(Zn0.5Nb1.5)O7(O≤x≤0.6,BSZN),的结构及介电性能.结果表明纯BZN陶瓷的结构为立方焦绿石单相;当Sm2O3掺杂量较少(O＜x≤0.5)时,样品的相结构仍然保持立方焦绿石单相;随着Sm2O3掺杂量的进一步增加(x≥0.6),样品出现其它相.同时,试样的介电性能随结构的变化而呈现有规律的变化.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.