碳纤维编织复合材料层合板抗侵彻性能研究

通过弹道冲击实验开展了碳纤维编织复合材料层合板的抗侵彻性能研究，进行了动态响应分析和损伤模式分析。建立了基于Hashin失效和Yeh分层失效准则的渐进损伤模型，运用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟了碳纤维编织复合材料层合板的侵彻失效过程，采用Lambert-Jonas公式拟合了柱状弹侵彻层合板弹道极限曲线，对比分析了碳纤维编织复合材料层合板侵彻实验与数值模拟的弹道极限速度及损伤形貌。结果表明，层合板侵彻损伤模式主要为分层、纤维断裂和基体开裂失效，弹道极限速度数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

离位增韧复合材料层合板准静态压入实验研究

采用准静态压入(Quasi-Static Indentation, QSI)实验方法对"离位"增韧复合材料层合板和未增韧层合板进行了实验研究.分析了QSI实验中层合板的损伤破坏过程,并对两类层合板的实验结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:"离位"增韧技术能够有效提升复合材料层合板的低速冲击损伤阻抗性能;准静态压入实验中,接触...     

平面编织复合材料层合板低速冲击后的拉伸性能

对两种不同铺层形式的平面编织复合材料层合板低速冲击后拉伸性能进行了实验研究,在此基础上建立了有限元损伤扩展仿真模拟。在所建立的有限元模型中,将低速冲击损伤等效为形状规则的软化夹杂,并针对两种铺层形式采用不同的损伤判据和模量衰减准则。研究结果表明:该有限元模拟结果与实验结果符合,说明该模型能够准确地预测低速冲击后平面编织复合材料层合板的损伤扩展规律和剩余拉伸强度;不同铺层形式的平面编织复合材料层合板在低速冲击后拉伸的损伤扩展规律不同;它们的冲击后拉伸强度降均>50%,在复合材料结构设计中应该受到重视。      

碳纤维复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤应力分析

目的 为掌握碳纤维复合材料板在低速冲击载荷作用下的损伤规律,延缓失效破坏,对其冲击损伤的应力状态进行研究。方法 基于ABAQUS平台,建立碳纤维复合材料层合板低速冲击有限元模型,采用Hashin失效准则和VUMAT用户子程序,对碳纤维复合材料层合板的冲击过程进行数值模拟,同时考虑层合板层内与层间失效,以此来研究低速冲击条件下复合材料的损伤机理,分析冲击损伤过程中的应力变化趋势,讨论应力的分布状态。重点研究铺层角度及铺层距离冲头远近对应力的影响。结果 不同角度铺层的应力传播轨迹均沿着纤维方向和垂直于纤维方向同时扩展,应力均先增加至极限值而后迅速下降;铺层角度越大,板料的承载能力越弱,0°铺层的极限应力为1 432 MPa,而90°铺层的极限应力降至1 206 MPa;离冲头越远的铺层应力越小,达到峰值的时间更早且率先下降,说明远离冲头的铺层更早发生失效。结论 揭示了碳纤维层合板在低速冲击载荷作用下的应力状态及其对损伤的影响规律,能够为复合材料层合板零件设计提供参考。     

缝合对泡沫夹芯复合材料低速冲击性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究缝合对泡沫夹芯复合材料抗低速冲击的影响,以未缝合、全厚度缝合和冲击面纤维面板三类缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料板为研究对象,采用落锤冲击试验机对泡沫夹芯复合材料板进行10J能量的冲击试验。然后使用水浸超声波扫描成像系统对冲击后的复合材料板进行损伤检测,得出泡沫夹芯复合材料板内部不同深度层的损伤情况。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对上述三类泡沫夹芯复合材料板进行有限元模拟,得出了低速冲击响应过程及面板的损伤情况,并进行了实验与数值模拟结果对比分析。研究结果表明,缝合会使得各铺层的损伤趋向均匀化,能够大幅提高层合板的整体性使各铺层之间的衔接更加紧密。在较小冲击能量下,全厚度缝合与冲击面纤维面板缝合都能够抑制分层的破坏,并且抑制分层的效果相差不大,且靠近冲击面的层与层之间更加容易产生分层的破坏。     

缝合对泡沫夹芯复合材料低速冲击性能的影响

为了研究缝合对泡沫夹芯复合材料抗低速冲击的影响,以未缝合、全厚度缝合和冲击面纤维面板三类缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料板为研究对象,采用落锤冲击试验机对泡沫夹芯复合材料板进行10J能量的冲击试验。然后使用水浸超声波扫描成像系统对冲击后的复合材料板进行损伤检测,得出泡沫夹芯复合材料板内部不同深度层的损伤情况。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对上述三类泡沫夹芯复合材料板进行有限元模拟,得出了低速冲击响应过程及面板的损伤情况,并进行了实验与数值模拟结果对比分析。研究结果表明,缝合会使得各铺层的损伤趋向均匀化,能够大幅提高层合板的整体性使各铺层之间的衔接更加紧密。在较小冲击能量下,全厚度缝合与冲击面纤维面板缝合都能够抑制分层的破坏,并且抑制分层的效果相差不大,且靠近冲击面的层与层之间更加容易产生分层的破坏。     

复合材料层合板低速冲击逐渐累积损伤预测方法

针对复合材料层板在冲击载荷下,各种损伤的产生和扩展是一个随载荷、时间和空间而演变的过程,发展了复合材料层合板低速冲击逐渐累积损伤预测方法.采用刚度退化技术和改进的Chang-Chang失效准则、显式有限元法来模拟复合材料层合板受到低速冲击下逐渐损伤过程.使用所发展的方法分析了[0m/90n/0m]铺层的复合材料层合板在低速冲击过程中的逐渐损伤扩展,结果表明本文的方法能较好地模拟复合材料层板在低速冲击下的损伤扩展及变形过程,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好;对不同冲击能量下层合板损伤扩展研究表明,冲击能量与分层损伤面积成线性关系.     

一种改进的内聚力损伤模型在复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤模拟中的应用

针对传统内聚力损伤模型(CZM)无法考虑层内裂纹对界面分层影响的缺点,提出了一种改进的适用于复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤模拟的CZM。通过对界面单元内聚力本构模型中的损伤起始准则进行修正,考虑了界面层相邻铺层内基体、纤维的损伤状态及应力分布对层间强度和分层扩展的影响。基于ABAQUS用户子程序VUMAT,结合本文模型及层合板失效判据,建立了模拟复合材料层合板在低速冲击作用下的渐进损伤过程的有限元模型,计算了不同铺层角度和材料属性的层合板在低速冲击作用下的损伤状态。通过数值模拟与试验结果的对比,验证了本文方法的精度及合理性。     

碳纤维层合板低速冲击后的红外热波检测分析

采用红外热波无损检测技术对低速冲击后的碳纤维层合板进行检测和分析, 研究了损伤面积与冲击能量之间的关系。对比发现, 实验结果与文献结果一致; 实验结果说明红外热波不仅可以检测冲击损伤的大小, 还可以确定损伤在材料内部绕冲击点沿纤维方向呈旋转方式进行扩展的损伤模式。采用超声C扫描对相同复合材料层合板进行了检测, 详细对比了2种检测方法的优缺点, 发现对于碳纤维层合板的低速冲击损伤, 红外热波检测技术是一种快速、 有效、 可靠的无损检测技术和评估手段。      

低速冲击后复合材料层合板的压缩破坏行为

对缝纫层合板和无缝纫层合板进行低速冲击后压缩破坏实验,以研究低速冲击后层合板的压缩破坏机理。采用C扫描、X射线、热揭层等技术对层合板内的损伤进行测量和对比。结果表明,界面不是很强的碳纤维增强复合材料层合板低速冲击后受压时,层合板非冲击面的子层屈曲及其扩展是导致层合板冲击后压缩强度下降的重要因素,而且子层屈曲主要是沿垂直载荷的方向(90°)扩展;对于准各向同性板,屈曲子层中与母层相邻的铺层的方向一般为90°。层合板的剩余压缩强度与板的冲击损伤面积无直接关系。      

Numerical simulations of low-velocity impact on an aircraft sandwich panel

The potential hazards resulting from a low-velocity impact (bird-strike, tool drop, runway debris, etc.) on aircraft structures, such as engine nacelle or a leading edge, has been a long-term concern to the aircraft industry. Certification authorities require that exposed aircraft components must be tested to prove their capability to withstand low-velocity impact without suffering critical damage.

This paper describes the results from experimental and numerical simulation studies on the impact and penetration damage of a sandwich panel by a solid, round-shaped impactor. The main aim was to prove that a correct mathematical model can yield significant information for the designer to understand the mechanism involved in the low-velocity impact event, prior to conducting tests, and therefore to design an impact-resistant aircraft structure.

Part of this work presented is focused on the recent progress on the materials modelling and numerical simulation of low-velocity impact response onto a composite aircraft sandwich panel. It is based on the application of explicit finite element (FE) analysis codes to study aircraft sandwich structures behaviour under low-velocity impact conditions. Good agreement was obtained between numerical and experimental results, in particular, the numerical simulation was able to predict impact damage and impact energy absorbed by the structure.     

形状记忆合金-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在振动边界条件下的低速冲击数值模拟

采用有限元方法（FEM）研究了振动边界条件对形状记忆合金（SMA）-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的抗低速冲击性能的影响。在数值模拟过程中,将改进的三维Hashin失效准则和Brinson模型分别应用于玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板和SMA,以表征其本构关系。首先通过与固定边界条件下的SMA-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料板低速冲击实验进行比较,验证了数值模拟过程中所用模型及材料参数的准确性。其次,在模拟过程中,应用了包含不同振幅的一系列振动边界条件,对其进行模拟,揭示了振动边界条件对其抗低速冲击性能的影响。数值模拟结果表明,在大振幅条件下,无SMA复合材料的抗冲击性能比小振幅条件下弱;在相同振动边界条件下,SMA-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料与无SMA复合材料相比,其抗低速冲击性能提高。      

结构参数对CFRP蒙皮-铝蜂窝夹层板低速冲击性能的影响

针对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料（CFRP）蒙皮-铝蜂窝夹层结构,使用半球头式落锤冲击试验平台进行了低速冲击载荷下蜂窝芯单元尺寸对夹层板冲击性能影响的试验探究,并基于渐进损伤模型、内聚力模型和三维Hashin失效准则,在有限元仿真软件ABAQUS中建立了含蒙皮、蜂窝芯、胶层的CFRP蒙皮-铝蜂窝夹层板精细化低速冲击仿真模型,仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好。利用该数值模型进一步探究了蜂窝芯高度、蒙皮厚度和蜂窝芯壁厚等结构参数对于蜂窝夹层板低速冲击吸能效果的影响。结果表明:增大铝蜂窝芯的单元边长,会减小蜂窝夹层板的刚度,提升夹层板的吸能效果;芯层高度对夹层板的刚度及抗低速冲击性能影响较小;增大蜂窝夹层板的蒙皮厚度,可以提高夹层板的刚度,但会降低夹层板的吸能效果;增大蜂窝芯的壁厚,可以提高夹层板的刚度和抗低速冲击性能。      

Damage evaluation and strain monitoring for composite cylinders using tin-coated FBG sensors under low-velocity impacts

Background/purposeThe impact-induced damage of composite structures induced by low-velocity impacts were evaluated to verify the damage evaluation concept using the “memory effects” of tin-coated FBG sensors.MethodsLow-velocity impact tests for the composite cylinder with tin-coated FBG sensors were performed at three impact energies. Hoop ring tests for the composite cylinder including impact-induced damage were additionally undertaken in order to measure the burst pressure and to study the parameter correlations. The test results were compared with the numerical results obtained by a finite element analysis (FEA) based on a continuum damage mechanics (CDM) considering damage model. The parameter correlations among the impact parameters and the residual strains induced by tin-coated FBG sensors were investigated based on the tests results.ResultsImpact behaviors obtained by the tests and the numerical simulation were agreed well. It was found that tin-coated FBG sensors can monitor the strain of the composite cylinder under low-velocity impacts and their strain monitoring capability is comparable to that of normally used FBG sensors. The residual strains of tin-coated FBG sensors were correlated with the impact parameters such as the impact energy, the sensing position of the sensors, and the burst pressure of the composite cylinder.ConclusionThe correlations among the residual strains and the parameters proved the damage evaluation concept for composite cylinders using the “memory effects” of tin-coated FBG sensors under low-velocity impact conditions; that is, the impact-induced damage, impact location, and burst pressure can be inversely evaluated by referring to the correlations.     

Low-velocity impact analysis of composite laminates using linearized contact law

Usually many researchers have used the modified Hertzian contact law or experimental static indentation law to analyze impact response of composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impact. In this study, physical meaning of the analytical method using the laws was investigated and the difference between the analytical results obtained using the two laws was also investigated. Furthermore parametric study on contact coefficient and exponent of the contact law was performed. Finally it could be shown that linearized contact law could be well applied to the low-velocity impact analysis of composite laminates. If this concept is used, any general-purpose finite element method software can be used to solve impact problem without direct developing any FEM code by each researcher. In this paper, some analytical results analyzed using a general-purpose commercial FEM software were also presented.     

复合材料加筋板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

建立了复合材料加筋板在横向低速冲击载荷作用下的渐进损伤有限元模型。该模型考虑了复合材料加筋板受低速冲击时的纤维断裂、基体开裂及分层脱粘等五种典型的损伤形式, 在层内采用应变描述的失效判据, 结合相应的材料性能退化方案, 通过编写VUMAT用户自定义子程序以实现相应损伤类型的判断和演化。在层间以及筋条与层板间加入界面元, 模拟层间区域的情况, 结合传统的应力失效判据和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则来判断分层损伤的起始和演化规律。通过对数值模拟结果与实验数据的比较, 验证了模型的合理性和有效性。同时探讨了不同位置、不同冲击能量以及含初始损伤(脱粘)等因素对复合材料加筋板低速冲击性能的影响。     

Macroscale assessment of low-velocity impact on hybrid composite laminates

Composites are usually brittle materials and have low impact properties. Structural dimensions, stacking sequence, ply materials, ply thicknesses and ply angles are standard variables that influence composite‘s performance against impact loads. Stacking sequence in hybrid laminates affects the failure and impact resistance. Failure mechanisms at the low-velocity impact of a rigid object in hybrid laminates are complex, and the subsurface damage in a composite laminate cannot be detected directly. However, various simulation platforms make it easy to see the impact damage between the plies of laminate. This paper numerically investigated the effect of stack sequence and hybridization of two fiber types against low-velocity impact. The current study adopted four-layer composite laminates of carbon and glass fiber layers with a stacking plan [C/C/C/C], [C/G/C/G] and [G/C/G/C], having lay-up angles as [0°/45°/−45°/90°]. Keeping the impactor mass and the incident velocity constant, the laminates were subjected to low-velocity impact. The damage contours for a failure mode were recorded and compared at the ply level. The numerical study resulted in impact imitations showing comparisons of the damage contours using Hashin failure criteria. Hybrid laminates display better performance in absorbing impact energies; however, hybrid laminates experienced more subsurface damage due to more impact energy absorption.     

Low-velocity impact analysis of composite laminates under initial in-plane load

In this paper, low-velocity impact response and damage of composite laminates is analytically investigated. A modified displacement field of the plate considering initially loaded in-plane strain is proposed. From the displacement field, a finite element equation on the structural behavior of composite laminate is newly induced and a computational program is coded. Numerical results using the FEM code is compared with the numerical ones from reference. Additional numerical analysis is performed on another impact condition, and the effect of initial in-plane load is investigated. Potential delamination damage area in the first inter-ply surface from the bottom of the laminate is approximately estimated, and the effect of the initial in-plane load and the impact condition are also investigated. Consequently, it may be concluded that the initial in-plane load of the laminate does not affect so much on the impact damage area of the laminate.     

Failure analysis of CFRP laminates subjected to compression after impact: FE simulation using discrete interface elements

This paper presents a model for the numerical simulation of impact damage, permanent indentation and compression after impact (CAI) in CFRP laminates. The same model is used for the formation of damage developing during both low-velocity/low-energy impact tests and CAI tests. The different impact and CAI elementary damage types are taken into account, i.e. matrix cracking, fiber failure and interface delamination. Experimental tests and model results are compared, and this comparison is used to highlight the laminate failure scenario during residual compression tests. Finally, the impact energy effect on the residual strength is evaluated and compared to experimental results.