真空膜蒸馏淡化盐水的现状及发展

真空膜蒸馏技术(VMD)是一种以蒸汽压差为推动力的新型膜分离技术,具有截留率高、操作压力低、设备简单、能耗低等优点.本文综述了真空膜蒸馏技术淡化盐水的研究现状和应用效果,分析了影响分离性能的相关因素,指出了真空膜蒸馏过程目前存在的问题,进而指出真空膜蒸馏技术在淡化盐水方面的研究发展趋势.     

真空膜蒸馏技术在水处理中的应用进展

真空膜蒸馏（VMD）过程是一种新型的膜分离技术,本文综述了真空膜蒸馏技术的工作原理、特点,介绍了真空膜蒸馏在海水淡化浓盐水、处理工业废水、中药浓缩中的研究应用,展望了这种新型水处理技术的应用前景。     

真空膜蒸馏浓缩反渗透浓盐水的工艺研究

分别采用聚乙烯、聚丙烯微孔膜对反渗透海水淡化浓盐水进行真空膜蒸馏的研究。考察了膜下游真空度、浓盐水温度、浓度、流速对膜通量及截留率的影响。结果表明,真空度增大,膜通量和截留率呈增长趋势。料液温度升高,膜通量增加,截留率呈减少趋势。料液流速增加会使通量增加,截留率呈减少趋势,但影响相对不大。随着料液浓度的增加,膜的通量下降,截留率基本保持不变。本实验条件下最大截留率可达99．99％,表明利用真空膜蒸馏技术可有效实现反渗透海水淡化浓盐水的浓缩。     

真空膜蒸馏海水淡化技术研究进展分析

真空膜蒸馏海水淡化运行压力低、截留率高、设备简单,可充分利用舰船动力系统冷却海水余热,有望用于新型舰船海水淡化装置研制。文中总结了真空膜蒸馏海水淡化主要特征、过程机理,分析真空膜蒸馏海水淡化过程的影响因素:膜疏水性与结构参数、海水温度与流速、操作真空度及膜污染,并在此基础上展望膜蒸馏海水淡化技术的未来研究方向。     

减压膜蒸馏浓缩盐水溶液的研究现状

减压膜蒸馏技术是一种新型膜分离技术,在许多领域中呈现出明显优势。综述了减压膜蒸馏技术浓缩盐水溶液的研究现状,分析了影响分离性能的相关因素以及该技术在处理浓盐水中的应用效果,指出了减压膜蒸馏技术浓缩盐水溶液的应用前景。     

(一)蒸馏法

海水淡化技术中的蒸馏法,也叫蒸发法,是一种从盐水溶液中分离淡水的古老方法。当盐水沸腾时,溶解盐残留,而淡水以蒸汽形态从盐水中逸出。在一个蒸馏过程中,包括两个方     

膜蒸馏技术研究及应用进展

膜蒸馏作为一种新型分离技术,具有操作温度低、设备简单、脱盐率高等特点,在海水淡化、苦咸水脱盐、果汁浓缩等过程具有良好的应用前景。本文简述了膜蒸馏的工作原理、特点和膜材料的制备方法,指出当前膜材料的研究方向。综述了直接接触式、气隙式、真空式和气扫式4种基本膜蒸馏形式和几种改进的膜蒸馏形式的传热传质原理、研究现状和发展方向。重点介绍了可再生能源以及工业低温余热驱动膜蒸馏的技术特点、研究现状和应用,包括太阳能光伏/光热驱动膜蒸馏技术、太阳能热泵耦合驱动膜蒸馏技术、太阳池膜蒸馏技术、地热能梯级利用驱动膜蒸馏技术和低温余热驱动膜蒸馏技术等,并指出其发展方向。最后,探讨了膜蒸馏技术亟待研究和解决的问题,为该技术的进一步发展提供参考。     

聚丙烯平板微孔膜膜蒸馏海水淡化研究

采用热致相分离法制备了聚丙烯平板微孔膜,并对自制平板膜组件的膜蒸馏海水淡化性能进行了研究。探讨了膜制备条件及海水流量、温度、膜后真空度等真空膜蒸馏过程操作条件对聚丙烯平板膜组件海水淡化性能的影响,自制组件连续运行的小试结果表明:当真空侧压力为3kPa,进料温度为323.15K,流量为50L/h时,天津市渤海湾海水膜蒸馏过程的平均水通量达10.56kg/m·2h,产品水的脱盐率均在99.8%以上。     

膜蒸馏过程强化及优化技术研究进展

膜蒸馏作为一种新型的膜分离技术,具有脱盐率高、可处理高浓度原料液等技术优势,近年来引起学术界及工业界的广泛关注.膜蒸馏技术可被应用于海水淡化,工业废水/苦盐水脱盐及糖、盐、果汁、有机/无机酸、碱液等的浓缩过程.但由于当前膜蒸馏能耗及成本较高,一定程度上限制了该技术的工业化.本文重点介绍了可用于强化膜蒸馏过程和优化该过程能量利用的方法及研究进展,主要包括膜材料和膜制备方法/工艺的进展、膜蒸馏过程操作条件的优化、改进膜组件和辅助装置的应用、太阳能和低品位热源的使用、蒸发冷凝潜热的回收以及耦合其他分离过程的复合膜蒸馏系统,同时分析了膜蒸馏技术处理高盐工业废水的应用前景,最后探讨和总结了膜蒸馏过程强化及优化的研究方向,为该技术的进一步发展提供了科学性指导.     

膜蒸馏技术在溴化锂吸收式制冷中的研究进展

综述了直接接触式、真空式和气隙式膜蒸馏技术在溴化锂吸收式制冷系统中的研究现状,阐述了各类膜蒸馏技术原理及优缺点,并提出了膜蒸馏技术在今后溴化锂吸收式制冷领域中的研究和发展方向。     

Vacuum membrane distillation processes for aqueous solution treatment—A review

The current applications of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process for various industrial aqueous solutions have been thoroughly reviewed. The applications of VMD can be grouped into three major processes: the single component transport process, the binary component transport process and the multicomponent transport process. The porous and hydrophobic membrane in the VMD system serves as a physical support for the liquid–gas interface and does not allow one of the phases to disperse into the other. The membrane provides an efficient separator for the phase-change process. The use of the correct membrane can offer a high production rate and a high separation factor at low temperatures. VMD, an alternative separation technology with applications in desalination, concentration, organic extraction and dissolved gas removal, can compete with conventional liquid–gas separation systems. The present paper critically reviewed VMD technology; the important components of the scope of this review included applications and processes, membrane modules, heat and mass transfer, model development, membrane, process conditions, fouling, energy consumption and production cost. Finally, the potential for future research as a requisite for VMD industrialisation was suggested.     

减压膜蒸馏技术及其在环保领域中的应用

减压膜蒸馏是一种新型的膜分离技术。本文主要对减压膜蒸馏过程的机理、用膜材料、提高蒸馏性能的措施及在环保中的应用进行评述。     

减压膜蒸馏法处理多酚类制药废水的研究

采用绿色水处理技术——减压膜蒸馏(VMD)法处理多酚类制药废水并从中回收乙醇，探讨了实验条件对膜分离性能的影响，在最佳工艺条件下，回收乙醇的质量分数达34．5％，多酚类混合物的截留率99．67％。理论分析和实验数据表明，作为一种新型的绿色水处理技术，VMD具有膜通量大，成本低，分离效果好等优点，可在工业化有机溶剂废水的处理及回收溶剂等方面发挥重大作用。     

L‐Lysine Monohydrochloride Syrup Concentration using a Membrane Hybrid Process of Ultrafiltration and Vacuum Membrane Distillation

The development of energy saving membrane separation processes is finding a unique position in process industries. One of the important areas where they are employed is the biotechnology industry. This industry has its own specifications and requirements, e.g., levels of diluteness, thermal, chemical and shear fragility. Membrane separation processes have the characteristics necessary to match these specifications and needs. In this research, the determination of the experimental concentration of L‐Lysine monohydrochloride (L‐lysine‐HCl) syrup was investigated using ultrafiltration (UF) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) hybrid membrane processes. Four parameters that are known to have significant influence on the UF process were examined, i.e., pressure difference across the membrane, feed concentration of L‐lysine‐HCl, feed velocity on the membrane surface, and pH. For the VMD unit, pressure difference and pH were replaced with feed temperature and vacuum pressure on the permeate side of membrane. Each process was carried out separately and the results were used to design a bench‐scale process. In order to save time and money, the Taguchi method of experimental design was employed. The effects of feed concentration, pressure difference across the membrane, feed velocity on the membrane surface, and pH on the target variable, i.e., the membrane flux, in the UF process were 39.93, 38.65, 9.36, and 9.59 %, respectively. For the VMD process, these values were 64.79, 22.16, 6.21, and 2.14 % for feed temperature, feed concentration, vacuum pressure on the permeate side, and feed velocity on the membrane surface, respectively.     

Vacuum membrane distillation simulation of desalination using polypropylene hydrophobic microporous membrane

Numerical simulation is an effective method to get the optimal operating parameters in the chemical engineering process. In this work, the transport mechanism of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process was simulated and predicted by mathematical model, which was established based on the convective heat transfer coefficient, and 0.5M aqueous NaCl solution was concentrated with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) hydrophobic microporous membrane prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) in the VMD process. The as‐presented mathematical model simulated the effects of different operating parameters on the VMD performances for aqueous NaCl solution, such as feed temperature, feed flow rate, absolute pressure of membrane permeate side, temperature coefficient, membrane thickness, and porosity. A comparison between experimental data and simulated data was also considered to verify the proposed mathematical model. Additionally, the salt rejection of aqueous NaCl solution production water in VMD was higher than 99.9%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41632.     

减压膜蒸馏浓缩硫酸钠溶液的实验研究

采用减压膜蒸馏技术在较低真空度下浓缩Na2SO4水溶液，研究了真空度、料液温度、料液流速以及料液浓度对膜通量与截留率的影响。结果表明，随着膜下游真空度增加，膜通量增大；料液温度显著影响膜通量；随着料液浓度增加，膜通量严重衰减；实验条件下聚丙烯中空纤维膜表现出很好的疏水性，Na2SO4的截留率接近100%。