从多岛弧盆系研究实践看板块构造登陆的魅力

板块构造学说是高度成功的地球科学理论.大洋岩石圈与大陆岩石圈之间的多岛弧盆系构造域是板块构造登陆的入门向导.青藏高原大地构造研究实践表明,青藏高原是板块构造登陆的研究基地.众多蛇绿岩带、混杂岩带和火山岩浆弧带等的识别,支持洋陆转换多岛弧盆系构造模式,可用来解释特提斯和亚洲大陆的形成和演化.     

从多岛弧盆系研究实践看板块构造登陆的魅力

板块构造学说是高度成功的地球科学理论。大洋岩石圈与大陆岩石圈之间的多岛弧盆系构造域是板块构造登陆的入门向导。青藏高原大地构造研究实践表明，青藏高原是板块构造登陆的研究基地。众多蛇绿岩带、混杂岩带和火山岩浆弧带等的识别，支持洋陆转换多岛弧盆系构造模式，可用来解释特提斯和亚洲大陆的形成和演化。     

关于秦岭造山带

纪念老一代地球科学家李四光先生,思考地球科学与大地构造学的创新发展。文章以秦岭造山带为例思考大陆复合造山及其动力学,认知概括秦岭造山带基本属性与特质,探索认识中小多板块多期洋陆俯冲造山-陆-陆板块俯冲碰撞造山的板块复合造山,并又强烈叠加复合陆内造山,造成复杂组成与结构,形成立交桥式四维流变学分层的多层非耦合动态演化的大陆复合造山带模型,及其新的演化趋势动态和构成国家人类需求的成矿成藏物质财富与宜居的地表系统环境等,期望前瞻探索认知地球发展的未来。文章还就秦岭造山带几个有争议的问题,进行简要讨论,共求新的探索研究发展。期盼学习李四光先生学术理论精华,尤其在深化发展板块构造,探索认知大陆构造与动力学方面,创新发展地质力学,以宇宙太阳系视野探索地球动力学,推动大地构造新发展。      

"中国古陆块构造演化与超大陆旋回"学术会议在北京大学举行

超大陆旋回的研究是近年来前寒武纪地质学及大地构造学的热点科学问题 ,极大地推动了不同古大陆构造演化的对比及板块构造理论的发展。超大陆的聚合与裂解事件及其构造演化过程的研究成为地球科学领域具有挑战性的前缘领域。其中 ,元古代Ｒｏｄｉｎｉａ超大陆的研究成为国际地质对比计划(ＩＧＣＰ) 44 0项 (1 999～ 2 0 0 2 )的主要研究内容。为加强国内同行专家在相关领域的学术交流 ,由北京大学地质学系发起 ,与ＩＧＣＰ440项中国国家工作组、中国地质学会构造地质学专业委员会、前寒武纪地质学专业委员会、西北大学地质学系、中国地质科…     

从地槽—地台说、板块构造说到地球系统多圈层构造观

从19世纪中叶开始,大地构造理论经历了从地槽—地台说到板块构造说的发展过程。目前,板块构造说虽然仍在盛行,但一个新的大地构造理论——地球系统多圈层构造观(简称多圈层构造观)已在形成中。地槽—地台说,19世纪中叶提出,盛行于20世纪上半叶,是地质学家从理论上研究地壳构造及其演化的开始。地槽—地台说使用的方法是传统的地质学方法;研究领域是大陆地壳,褶皱带(造山带)和克拉通是其研究的核心内容。地槽—地台说大大推动了地质科学的发展,并为地球科学的进一步发展,奠定了良好的基础。板块构造说,起始于20世纪60年代。板块构造使用的方法,除地质学外,加上了地球物理学和地球化学等现代科学和技术手段;研究领域是全球大陆和海洋的岩石圈。板块构造说使大地构造学的研究范围从地球表层扩展到地球内部,从大陆扩展到海洋,极大地推动了地球科学向更高的层次发展。目前,板块构造说虽然仍在盛行,但是不足和缺陷已日益显露出来。地球系统多圈层构造观,孕育于20世纪80年代晚期,目前正在发展中。地球系统多圈层构造观使用的方法更现代化,包括地质学、地球物理学、地球化学以及一切探测地球深部和外层空间的方法、手段;研究领域,已不仅仅是地球表层的地壳或岩石圈,而是地球整体,地球各圈层的相互作用。我们相信,21世纪必将是地球系统多圈层构造观不断发展、不断完善的时代。中国及邻区中、新生代构造演化是全球研究多圈层构造的最理想的切入点之一。我们期待中国地学工作者在新一轮大地构造理论创新中发挥应有的作用。     

辽宁沉积盖层建造组合与构造古地理时空演化关系讨论

以板块构造学说为指导,以大陆动力学理论研究大陆块体离散、会聚、碰撞、造山的大陆动力学过程为主线,划分了陆块构造演化阶段.辽宁省由胶辽陆块、晋冀辽陆块2个Ⅰ级构造古地理单元组成;Ⅱ级构造古地理单元3个,即辽东陆内、燕辽裂谷、燕辽陆内;Ⅲ级构造古地理单元11个;Ⅳ级构造古地理单元14个.利用沉积岩建造组合与构造古地理单元时空结构演化关系,为研究辽宁省大地构造环境演化提供较系统的基础地质资料.     

大地构造相的定义、划分、特征及其鉴别标志

大地构造相是反映陆块区和造山系(带)形成演变过程中,在特定演化阶段、特定构造部位的大地构造环境中,形成的一套岩石-构造组合,是表达大陆岩石圈板块经过离散、聚合碰撞、旋扭等动力学过程而形成的地质构造作用的综合产物,具有恢复与揭示陆块区和造山系(带)的组成、结构、演化与成矿地质背景的功能。根据板块构造理论的基本原理和长期研究中国大陆构造的实践经验,在前人大地构造研究的基础上提出了一个比较系统和详细的大地构造相划分方案。总结了这些大地构造相的基本特征及其鉴别标志,不仅丰富了大陆板块构造研究的内容,而且为区域成矿地质背景和资源预测的研究提供了新的思维和工作方法。大地构造相的鉴别也是厘定大地构造单元属性、划分大地构造演化阶段的重要标志。     

《东北地区1：150万大地构造相图》的编制

东北地区1：150万大地构造相图是2018年出版的一份区域性大地构造图.该图依据不断积累和丰富的基础地质资料,将大地构造理论研究与综合应用汇总和集成,是东北地区科技创新成果和技术方法进步转化应用的重要体现.此次编图以板块构造理论和大陆动力学思维为指导,以多岛洋、弧-盆系发展演化观点为切入点,运用大地构造相分析方法,研究东北地区地壳形成、演化历史,以及大地构造环境及其与成矿作用的时空关系.较系统地阐述了东北地区的岩石构造组合、建造构造与构造演化阶段的宏观背景.     

关于加强流变构造学研究的建议

流变学构造研究已成为21世纪固体地球科学的前沿领域。构造地质学作为固体地球科学各个分支领域的带动学科,需要以流变学的理论和研究方法武装自身,以便从根本上和真正意义上开展大陆地质和大陆动力学的研究,进而推动板块构造理论的进步和为创建崭新的超越板块构造的构造理论奠定基础。在论及开展构造地质和大陆地质的流变学研究的5点理由之后,本文提出了3项旨在加强流变学研究的建议,即:1)大陆流变构造的观测、分析和积累研究,2)实验研究和理论探索,3)基础理论学习与人才培养,供国内构造地质学界同仁讨论。     

构造地质学的进展与学科发展特点

构造地质学堪称"地质学中的哲学"。可分为中小尺度的"狭义"构造地质学和大地构造学。近年来,中小尺度的"狭义"构造地质学研究已不局限于单个构造的几何学、运动学和动力学分析。而是表现为:①广度上,区域构造分析正在与年代学、三维反射地震、GPS观测等技术相结合,实现构造事件和过程的定量化厘定、盆地构造的数字化描述、地壳形变的全空间长期实时监测;发展构造建模(物理模拟和数值模拟)技术;应用地球物理的成果丰富构造变形研究的实例;②深度上,探寻构造变形的流变学机理,并从若干研究点上认识深部地壳的构成、韧性变形带及相关构造作用的过程和效应。大地构造学研究正在新的知识体系和地球物理探测技术的推动下深入到地幔范围以及大陆构造领域。认识板块构造作用下壳幔物质的循环过程,追溯大陆构造分裂与拼合的演化历史,探索新的岩石圈—地幔动力学模式和"板块"运动模式。当前的构造地质学具有以技术、产业和社会需求、人才为导向的发展特点。学科的发展要求我们把握新技术、新资料,适应经济产业发展和国计民生的需求,加强年轻一代地质人才的培养,提升自主创新能力。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an