如何培养青少年球员的意志力

意志力是网球选手成功的基石,优秀的网球选手无一例外都具有坚强的意志力。对于青少年选手来说,意志力的培养更应该成为他们训练和比赛中的重中之重。     

武术散打运动员意志力因素及评价

武术散打比赛的结果除了与运动员的运动能力与技术水平相关外,还涉及到比赛环境、临场发挥等一系列因素。以独立性、果断性、自制性、顽强性为主的意志力因素在很大程度上决定了运动员的比赛成绩及竞技水平。文章以艾森克人格问卷测试方式为原型,制作了意志力因素测量表及测量方法,用以量化评价武术散打运动员意志力因素,试图找出优秀武术散打运动员与一般武术散打运动员的意志力因素差别。     

浅析戒毒康复者的意志力训练

为了帮助戒毒康复者摆脱毒品困扰,恢复正常生活,本文阐述了戒毒康复者的意志力在戒毒康复过程中的重要意义,并提出了训练和强化戒毒康复者意志力的方法。通过强化戒毒康复者戒毒康复的内部动机,提高戒毒人员意志力,加强戒毒康复者的自控能力和抗诱惑能力,帮助戒毒康复人员摆脱毒品的诱惑。     

体育教育与职业院校学生的意志力培养的研究

本文通过对职业院校学生意志力的调查发现,职业院校学生意志力欠缺。存在惰性较强、优柔寡断、缺乏恒心和抗挫折能力弱的现象。建议通过体育教育锻炼学生意志力,提高职业能力。     

论摔跤运动员意志力的培养

阐述了意志力在摔跤运动中的重要意义及表现特点,提出了培养摔跤运动员意志力的各种方法,即:强化运动员实现目标的内部动机;逐步增加训练和比赛难度;帮助运动员建立正确的归因等.     

身体锻炼与发展意志

<正> 意志这一心理现象表现在意志行动中。意志行动的能力——意志力,是能力结构中不可缺少的组成部分。意志力的强弱是衡定智力发展水平的重要标志。注意、观察、记忆、思维、想象等认识活动,需要良好的意志力;在认识的基础上,在感情的激励下,作出决定、拟制行动方案,需要有良好的意志力;执行决定,把行动方案付诸实施,作用于客观世     

海岛野外生存训练对大学生心理品质的影响

探讨传统体育锻炼项目(健美操、篮球、乒乓球)与海岛野外生存训练对被试的成就动机、社会适应性和意志力的影响.结果显示:海岛野外生存训练在提升被试的成就动机、社会适应性和意志力方面具有良好作用;海岛野外生存训练对提升被试的社会适应性水平优于传统健美操、乒乓球项目,在提升意志力水平方面优于传统的篮球项目.     

韩国速滑教练员领导行为与运动员意志力关系

为了探讨韩国教练员领导行为与运动员意志力之间的关系,对韩国冰上联盟注册的167名运动员进行了调查。结果发现,韩国教练员领导行为的各个维度与运动员意志力的各个维度间存在显著正相关关系,标准多元回归表明,韩国教练员的领导行为中唯独专制行为对运动员的胜负欲、坚韧性以及努力的预测作用显著。这提示我们,韩国运动员所表现出来的顽强意志力,与教练员的专制行为有着密切的关系。另一方面韩国教练员特有的专制行为与运动员坚忍不拔的意志力的形成,主要原因大致归纳为历史的变迁、儒佛文化的完美结合及弘扬、跆拳道精神的提倡、兵役制度的历练以及封建观念的传承。     

浅谈足球运动员的意志品质培养

意志这一心理现象表现在意志行动中,意志行动的能力——意志力,是能力结构中不可缺少的组成部份。意志力的强弱是衡定智力发展水平的重要标志,也是衡定足球运动员竞技机能的标志。意志通常被人们称为意志品质。它是人们自觉确定目的,根据目的而支配、调节自己的行动,克服各种困难,从而达到实现目的。意志与一个人的认识和情绪是分不开的。它们是相互影响、相互促进的。注意、观察,记忆,思维、想象等认识活动,需要良好的意志力,在认识的基础上,在感情的激励下,作出决定、拟制行动方案,需要有良好的意志力;执行决定,把行动方案付诸实施、作用于客观世界,达到既定目标,需要有良好的意志力,因此对足球     

论初中体育教学中学生的意志力的培养策略

学生在初中阶段正处于走向独立的过程,这一时期学生的意志力普遍比较薄弱,在初中体育教学中,良好的教学方法,能让学生在户外体育运动中得到充分的身体锻炼,思维放松,同时培养自身意志力。本文将从如何激发学生的运动兴趣、改善体育课堂教学方法、加强师生交流、树立体育课堂模范榜样等方面进行探讨,通过合适的教学方法培养学生的意志力。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。