Waldeyer环淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的研究Waldeyer环淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现及应用价值。方法对照分析23例Waldeyer环淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现和手术、病理结果。结果11例腭扁桃体淋巴瘤和3例舌根淋巴瘤均表现为边界清楚向咽腔内突出的软组织肿块。5例鼻咽和4例咽侧壁淋巴瘤表现为鼻咽腔或口咽腔内不规则软组织肿块，病变范围较大，向周围呈弥漫性生长，无颅底和周围结构损害。CT和MRI可见淋巴瘤的密度和信号均匀，呈轻度强化，没有发生坏死和囊变，肿块与相邻结构界限清楚。23例淋巴瘤有15例发现颈部有淋巴结转移，5例鼻咽淋巴瘤中，3例侵犯鼻腔。结论CT和MRI能清楚显示Waldeyer环淋巴瘤的部位、形态、范围，有无颈部淋巴结转移和周围组织的侵犯，对临床诊断和治疗有重要价值。     

口咽部恶性淋巴瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:研究口咽部恶性淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现及应用价值.材料和方法:对照分析18例口咽部恶性淋巴瘤患者的CT和MRI表现和手术、病理结果.结果:11例腭扁桃体淋巴瘤和3例舌根淋巴瘤均表现为边界清楚向口咽腔内突出的软组织肿块.4例咽侧壁淋巴瘤表现为口咽腔内不规则软组织肿块,病变范围较大,向周围弥漫性生长.CT和MRI可见病变的密度和信号均匀,可轻度强化,一般不发生坏死和囊变,肿块与相邻结构界限清楚.18例淋巴瘤患者有10例发现颈部有淋巴结转移.结论:CT和M RI能清楚显示口咽部恶性淋巴瘤的部位、形态、范围,有无颈部淋巴结转移和周围组织的侵犯,对临床诊断和治疗有重要价值.     

咽及颈部淋巴瘤的影像分析

目的：探讨咽和颈部淋巴瘤的影像学特征,提高诊断水平。方法：搜集20例经穿刺活检及手术病理证实的咽和颈部淋巴瘤的临床、病理及CT和（或）MRI资料,详细分析其影像学表现。结果：本文20例中9例表现为腭扁桃体肿大伴颈部淋巴结肿大;4例表现为咽旁间隙肿块并向四周铸型生长;5例颈部多发淋巴结肿大,其中4例向下一直延伸至上纵隔内;2例表现为颈部单发肿块。18例肿块密度、信号均匀,无明显坏死,轻度强化;2例可见少许坏死囊变,密度不均匀。结论：咽和颈部淋巴瘤CT和MR表现具有一定特征性,当出现咽淋巴环肿块、咽旁间隙内铸型生长的肿块及伴有身体其它部位（如纵隔）的淋巴结肿大,对淋巴瘤的诊断有提示作用。     

口咽部非霍奇金淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的探讨口咽部非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的CT和MRI表现。资料与方法回顾性分析21例病理确诊的口咽部非霍奇金淋巴瘤的影像特点。结果 21例中B细胞来源16例,外周T细胞来源3例,NK/T细胞来源2例。腭扁桃体受累最多见,见于16例。病变表现:肿块型7例,弥漫型5例,混合型9例。14例CT平扫呈稍低密度,增强后轻度均匀强化。6例MRI检查T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI为稍高信号。10例咽旁间隙受压变窄,但MRI检查高信号的脂肪仍存在。15例累及颈部淋巴结,受累淋巴结密度、信号均匀,中心坏死少。结论口咽部非霍奇金淋巴瘤在发病部位、形态、肿瘤的信号、周围组织结构的侵犯方面都有一定的影像学特征,CT和MRI对于口咽部非霍奇金淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

睾丸原发性淋巴瘤的CT及MRI表现(附5例报告)

目的 分析睾丸原发性恶性淋巴瘤CT及MRI表现以提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的睾丸原发性恶性淋巴瘤的CT及MRI表现.4例行CT平扫及增强扫描.1例行MRI横断面、冠状面及矢状面平扫及增强扫描.结果 CT表现,肿块边缘基本清楚,平扫密度相对均匀,增强后轻度强化,密度欠均匀或明显不均.MRI表现T1WI呈较均匀等信号,T2WI呈均匀低信号,增强扫描后有轻度均匀强化.其他表现,易侵犯附睾和精索,同时伴有腹膜后淋巴结受累,包绕推移血管,呈漂浮征.结论 睾丸原发性恶性淋巴瘤CT/MRI表现有一定的特征性.     

原发于舌根部弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的MRI特点（附9例报告）

目的:探讨原发于舌根的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的MR影像学特点.方法:回顾性分析经手术或活检病理证实为舌根部大B细胞淋巴瘤的9例患者的术前MR影像资料,主要观察病变的发生部位、形态、大小、信号、边界、累及范围和淋巴结转移情况等.结果:9例患者的主要MRI表现为舌根部黏膜下肿块,呈类圆形(4例)或不规则形(5例),边界清楚,直径2.0～4.5 cm,T2 WI上呈均匀高信号,增强扫描呈中度均匀强化.邻近的扁桃体受压变形5例,其中3例肿块与扁桃腺分界不清;7例(7/9)有单侧或双侧颈部淋巴结肿大.结论:MRI能很好地显示舌根部弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的影像学特征,有助于肿瘤的术前诊断和分期.     

上呼吸道MALT淋巴瘤的影像表现分析

目的探讨上呼吸道黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤的影像学表现。方法回顾性分析2010年3月～2017年8月间经临床病理确诊的6例上呼吸道MALT淋巴瘤患者的临床、病理及影像资料,其中5例行MRI平扫和增强扫描,2例行CT平扫和增强扫描。结果 6例上呼吸道MALT淋巴瘤中,1例位于鼻咽部,1例位于口腔左侧上腭部,1例位于右侧会厌,1例多发位于两侧面颊部及左侧上腭部,1例位于左侧声带下方,1例位于右侧舌根;MRI表现:相对肌肉信号,T_1WI 4例呈等信号,1例呈稍高信号,T_2WI 5例均呈高信号,T_2WI和T_1WI所有肿瘤均信号均匀,增强扫描肿块中度均一强化;CT表现:与周边肌肉密度比较,平扫肿块呈等密度,其内密度均一,增强扫描肿块强化均一,强化程度明显,无坏死、囊变及出血的表现。结论上呼吸道MALT淋巴瘤的影像学表现具有一定特征性,尤其当中老年患者表现为上呼吸道局限性肿块,信号或密度均匀,增强扫描呈中度或重度强化,强化均匀,囊变、坏死出血少见,提示MALT淋巴瘤的可能。     

韦氏环不同病理类型非霍奇金淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现特征研究

目的探讨不同病理类型韦氏环非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL)影像学特点,提高诊断及鉴别诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析30例经病理证实的韦氏环非霍奇金淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现,结合其病理类型进行对比分析。结果 30例韦氏环NHL中,成熟B细胞淋巴瘤22例(73.3%),成熟T细胞和NK细胞淋巴瘤8例(26.7%)。病变表现肿块型15例(50.0%),弥漫型8例(26.7%),溃疡型2例(6.7%),混合型5例(16.7%)。B细胞型以肿块型多见(68.2%),易累及腭扁桃体,CT表现为局限性等密度肿块,边界清楚,增强后轻中度均匀强化。MRI检查病灶信号均匀,T_1WI呈稍低信号,T_2WI稍高信号。T和NK细胞型以弥漫型多见(75%),常累及两个或多个部位,病变呈浸润生长,范围较弥散,轮廓欠清晰,形态欠规则。22例(73.3%)合并颈部淋巴结转移,多累及颈部I~III区淋巴结,肿大淋巴结中央多无坏死。结论韦氏环B细胞型NHL与NK/T细胞型NHL的影像学表现各有一定特点,有助于鉴别诊断。     

口咽部恶性肿瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的：探讨CT和MRI对口咽恶性肿瘤的诊断价值,了解口咽癌及口咽恶性淋巴瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断要点。方法：搜集42例经病理证实的口咽恶性肿瘤资料,对口咽癌与口咽恶性淋巴瘤的CT和MRI征象进行分析,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果：口咽癌26例,恶性淋巴瘤16例。26例口咽癌均为单侧发病,20例形态不规则,17例边界不清,其中13例侵犯邻近结构,18例密度（信号）不均匀,内可见囊变或坏死区;增强后19例明显不均匀强化。16例淋巴瘤中,3例为双侧发病,¨例形态规则,13例边界清楚,12例密度（信号）均匀,增强后12例轻中度强化。口咽癌与口咽恶性淋巴瘤在形态、边界及侵犯邻近结构、密度（信号）、强化程度等方面（P〈0．05）差异有统计学意义。26例口咽癌中有15例发现颈部淋巴结转移,单侧转移lO例,双侧转移5例;口咽恶性淋巴瘤中9例合并颈部淋巴结肿大,其中单侧肿大6例,双侧肿大3例。结论：口咽癌与口咽恶性淋巴瘤CT和MRI表现具有一定特征性,CT和MRI结合可以提高病变诊断准确性,从而为I临床治疗提供帮助。     

腮腺少见肿瘤的影像学特点分析

目的探讨腮腺少见肿瘤的影像学特点。方法回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实腮腺少见肿瘤(淋巴上皮癌4例,肌上皮瘤3例,淋巴瘤及转移瘤各2例,恶性黑色素瘤及肌上皮癌各1例)的CT、MRI影像学表现。结果均为腮腺单侧发病,其中左侧9例,右侧6例。淋巴上皮癌位于腮腺浅叶,可累及深叶,以单发为主(3/4);沿腮腺浅叶铸形生长(3/4)可能具有一定特点;密度和信号均匀,增强轻、中度均匀强化。肌上皮瘤均为单发,位于腮腺浅叶,呈椭圆形,边缘清晰锐利,密度和信号均匀或不均匀,显著强化(2/3)可能具有提示作用。淋巴瘤具有一定特点,常表现为多发类圆形肿块(2/2),边缘光整,密度均匀,增强后中度强化,常伴颈部淋巴结肿大。恶性黑色素瘤MRI具有一定特点:T1WI呈多发结节状高信号,T2WI呈低信号;CT及MRI增强不具特点。肌上皮癌与腮腺常见恶性肿瘤相仿。转移瘤表现与原发肿瘤密切相关。结论腮腺上述少见肿瘤部分具有一定影像学特点,有助于鉴别诊断,确诊仍依靠组织病理学和免疫组化。     

补体受体1型的结构功能及sCR1基因克隆表达的策略

补体受体1型（Complement receptor type 1,CR1）具有外源性及内源性活性,既可灭活组装于非自身细胞膜上的C3/C5转化酶,也可灭活自身细胞膜上形成的C3/C5转化酶。CR1是唯一既对经典,替代及植物凝集素（MBL）3个补体激活途径的,对C3/C5转化酶拥有衰变加速活性,又有辅助1因子裂解C3b和C4b作用的补体调节蛋白。对补体分子的过度活化具有抑制和调节作用,在防治补体介导的缺血再灌注损伤以及异种器官移植超急性排斥反应等疾病具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要综述CR1的结构功能及生物学活性,sCR1基因的克隆与表达及在创伤、缺血再灌注损伤中的应用研究现状。     

闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊断与治疗

目的 提高对闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊治水平.方法 报告38例闭合性喉气管断裂伤病例的临床资料,其中急性外伤16例,陈旧性外伤22例.对临床易发生的问题进行分析.结果 38例中16例急性喉外伤在24～48小时之间行手术治疗,22例陈旧性喉外伤因其它原因在32～129天后行手术治疗.35例手术成功拔管,3例因喉气管狭窄手术失败不能拔管,均为陈旧期手术患者.结论 对于急性闭合性喉气管断裂伤应根据其病情轻重程度进行早期处理,尽快恢复喉和气管通气功能,预防后遗症及并发症的发生,提高治愈率.     

快餐消费者的消费行为心理及对营养的认知调查

 目的 调查分析快餐消费者对快餐的营养认知、消费行为和消费心理情况,引导消费者正确处理快餐与日常正餐的关系。方法 采用随机抽样的方法,选择北京地区中、西式快餐各3个品牌,每个品牌选择4家分店,采用入店访问式现场调查方法,数据处理采用频数分析法。结果 共调查1722名,问卷合格率98.6%,选择中西式快餐的人群多为20～39岁者(68%),大多数消费者因为“口味喜欢”(66.4%)而选择快餐,且优选“优惠套餐”(48.2%),为了“省事方便”(64.3%)。消费快餐的频率多数是每月就餐1～2次(35.1%),多数优选“西式快餐店的中式食品”(60.3%),对中西式快餐店中的健康宣传语 “偶尔看看”(55.9%),但多数认为起到了“警示和营养宣教的作用”(64.1%)。大多数消费者认为,媒体对西式快餐的报道未影响他们对西式快餐的正常消费(44.9%);但中式快餐的负面报道却影响了消费者的正常消费(43.9%),理由多数是“影响健康”(37.9%)。快餐消费人群中体型正常者居多,但40岁以上者超重百分比大于20～39岁者。结论 中西式快餐消费人群为20～39岁者,消费频率不高,多数因为“口味喜欢”而选择中式或西式快餐,基本不存在对中式或西式快餐食品安全误解的问题,对快餐店的营养健康宣传语持赞同态度,但如何处理快餐与正常餐的搭配问题,存在误区。     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的发病机制及临床和影像学表现研究

目的：探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的发病机制、临床特点及影像学表现,提高对本病的认识及术前诊断与鉴别诊断能力。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的28例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像学资料;28例均行x线平片、CT检查,其中16例行MRI检查。结果：28例均为单发病变,共28个病灶,其中股骨头6个,胫骨近端6个,距骨滑车6个．胫骨远端3个,腕月骨3个．股骨远端、髋臼、肱骨近端和腕舟骨各1个。病灶均位于骨内邻近关节面,病灶大小介于0．8cm×1．2cm～2．5cm×2．9cm之间。单房型25例．多房型3例。28个病灶X线平片和CT表现为圆形、类圆形或不规则形囊样低密度区,边缘清晰,均有薄层完整硬化边．相邻关节间隙无明显改变。16个病灶MRIT,wI表现为低到中等信号,TzwI表现为高信号。多房型病灶内有粗细不等的骨性间隔,MRI表现为长T-短T。信号。穿透型15例,表现为病灶通过邻关节面裂隙与关节腔相通或病灶与关节旁软组织腱鞘囊肿相连;特发型13例,表现为骨内单一病灶,骨外结构正常。结论：骨内腱鞘囊肿有其特殊发病部位,影像学表现典型,结合发病年龄和临床症状,可以作出正确的术前诊断。     

MRI of the foot and ankle: prevalence and distribution of occult and palpable ganglia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and anatomic distribution of occult and palpable ganglia of the foot and ankle as seen by MRI. Within a 7-year period MRI of the ankle was performed on 2813 patients, and MRI of the foot on 2277 patients using a 1.5T magnet. In all, 167 ganglia in 155 patients were detected. MR images of these patients were reviewed retrospectively by two observers with regard to prevalence, imaging characteristics, and exact anatomic location of ganglia. Clinical findings and (when available) surgical reports were also reviewed. One hundred fifty-seven ganglia in 145 patients were present on MR images of the ankle, and 10 ganglia in 10 patients on MR images of the foot, resulting in a prevalence of 5.6% (157/2813) in the ankle, and a prevalence of 0.4% (10/2277) in the foot. The most common location was the tarsal sinus or tarsal canal (57/167 ganglia [34.1%]). However, only four of these (7%) were palpable as a soft-tissue mass. The second most common location was around the Lisfranc joint (23/167 [13.8%]), of which 11/23 [47.8%] were clinically palpable. Palpable ganglia were statistically larger in size than occult ganglia measured in any of three diameters (P = 0.01-0.002). In addition, ganglia of the foot and ankle represented 42% of all clinically suspected soft-tissue masses. Ganglia in the foot and ankle are an infrequent finding on routine MRI of the foot and ankle. When they occur, these ganglia are most frequently located in the tarsal sinus and tarsal canal, where they are occult to clinical palpation. If ganglia are clinically palpable, they are most commonly located around the Lisfranc joint. In addition, palpable ganglia are larger than occult ganglia.     

Imaging and management of head and neck paragangliomas

Paragangliomas of the head and neck are highly vascular lesions originating from paraganglionic tissue located at the carotid bifurcation (carotid body tumors), along the vagus nerve (vagal paragangliomas), and in the jugular fossa and tympanic cavity (jugulotympanic paragangliomas). Diagnostic imaging can be considered in two clinical situations: (1) patients who present with clinical symptoms suggestive of a paraganglioma, and (2) individuals from families with hereditary paragangliomas. It is not only necessary to detect and characterize the lesion, but also to study the presence of multiplicity. For these purposes, MR imaging, and especially 3D TOF MRA, is the modality of choice. CT scanning is especially useful to show destruction of the temporal bone. Angiography in combination with embolization will mainly be used prior to surgical resection, but can also be used for diagnostic purposes when the diagnosis is not yet clear. Many parameters play a role in the decision to treat of which multifocality and impairment of cranial nerves are the most important. The primary therapeutic option for paragangliomas is complete excision of tumor with preservation of vital neurovascular structures. Resection however, should be balanced against a more conservative wait and scan policy or palliative treatments such as radiotherapy.     

Possibilities and limitations of radiology--CT and MRT in cases of tumors of the uterus and ovary

The author describes the present possibilities of computed tomography (CT) and of magnetic resonance (MR) tomography. MR is superior to CT in the visualisation of carcinomas of the cervix and endometrium, especially in the initial stages, whereas in the diagnosis of the spread of tumours (especially the advanced ones) CT yields results similar to those of MR. In carcinoma of the ovary, however, MR has so far not proved to be definitely superior to CT despite the multiplanar visualisation possibilities it offers. It is in fact inferior to CT especially in clarifying the extent of extrapelvic spread. In posttherapeutic diagnostics MR explores new avenues in respect of delineation between scar and recurrence, as initial investigations have shown.     

新疆主要人畜共患病及非强制免疫类动物疫病防控现状及对策

通过汇总2016-2020年新疆动物防疫工作调研情况和动物疫病的监测情况,分析得出新疆主要人畜共患病及非强制免疫类动物疫病呈现出疫病种类繁多,造成的损失巨大的特点。其中细菌病布鲁氏菌病仍处于多发态势,防控难度较大;牛结核病在新疆各地均有感染点,呈现出点多面广的特点,又以东疆感染率较高;其他病原菌主要是产气荚膜梭菌、巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌等,而产气荚膜梭菌病近2年呈多发趋势。寄生虫病中包虫病畜间阳性率仍然呈现缓慢增长的趋势;羊痒螨病发病率在南疆有上升趋势。病毒病中山羊痘在南疆呈现多发的趋势。基于以上现状,新疆主要人畜共患病及非强制免疫类动物疫病防控面临的主要问题有:政策长期关注度不够,防控力量投入少,社会认知度低;疫病防控技术服务体系建设相对滞后;部分地区畜牧业生产方式仍然落后;流通监管环节仍存漏洞;非强制免疫类动物疫病的免疫效果参差不齐等方面的主要问题。本文针对以上问题提出了切合实际的意见建议和防控对策。