天花粉对蜕膜瘤孕酮受体和雌二醇受体的影响

本文采用放射受体法测定蜕膜瘤胞浆内孕酮受体和雌二醇受体,以fmol/mg 蛋白表示其量,并作Scatchard plot 求其结合常数(K_A)。观察天花粉对假孕小鼠蜕膜瘤孕酮受体和雌二醇受体的影响。在假孕第7天皮下注射天花粉5毫克/公斤/日,蜕膜瘤重量及胞浆内雌二醇受体量及其K_A 与对照组相比无显著差异,但胞浆内孕酮受体量及其真K_A 值则已显著下降。在假孕第6、7二天连续皮下注射同量天花粉,蜕膜瘤重量、胞浆内孕酮受体量、雌二醇受体量及其K_A 均显著下降。而孕酮受体的K_A 值已难以测出。上述结果提示,天花粉减少蜕膜瘤胞浆内孕酮受体和雌二醇受体,并使受体的K_A值(尤其是孕酮受体K_A)变小,从而减弱了激素对蜕膜反应的调节作用,这可能是天花粉抑制蜕膜瘤作用的一重要机制。     

早产患者产前雌二醇和孕酮的浓度

本研究目的为探讨母血浆雌二醇和孕酮的水平对早产的作用。作者对29名患者进行了研究,其中高危组15例有早产或晚期流产史;最佳组14例完全正常孕妇为对照。自妊娠20周至分娩前每隔2周取静脉血5ml,每次取得的标本立即离心,将分离出的血浆置于-20℃保存。按照1979年世界卫生组织规定制备试剂用放射免疫法测定雌二醇及孕酮。高危组中5例早产,10例足月产,故又分为高危早产组和高危足月产组。     

UAE联合利凡诺尔对胎盘前置状态引产结局及再次妊娠的影响

目的 探究子宫动脉栓塞术（UAE）联合利凡诺尔对胎盘前置状态引产结局及再次妊娠的影响。方法 回顾性分析2013年10月至2019年10月甘肃省妇幼保健院收治的180例胎盘前置状态引产患者的临床资料,将采用利凡诺尔引产的患者纳入对照组（n=105）,采用UAE联合利凡诺尔引产的患者纳入病例组（n=75）,比较两组的引产结局、生育能力、再次妊娠结局及新生儿不良结局。结果 病例组胎盘残留率、术后清宫率及失血量低于（少于）对照组,术后发热率高于对照组（P <0.05）;病例组引产1个月后子宫内膜厚度小于对照组（P <0.05）;对照组105例患者共45例患者再次妊娠,病例组75例患者中共32例再次妊娠,两组分娩方式、分娩孕周、妊娠间隔时间、产后出血量、胎盘植入比较差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;病例组低体重儿数量多于对照组（P <0.05）,其他指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 UAE联合利凡诺尔可显著降低胎盘前置状态患者胎盘残留率、术后清宫率及失血量且不增加子宫切除、产后出血、宫腔感染及宫腔粘连情况,UAE治疗延长再次妊娠时间可能会改善不良...     

17β-雌二醇和孕酮对人子宫内膜的PGF_(2α)和PGE的影响

本实验研究的目的是模拟月经周期17β-雌二醇和孕酮的血浆浓度,测定这些变化对在体子宫内膜合成 PGF_(2α)和 PGE 的影响。实验对象为9名更年期后需手术妇女,平均年龄56±4,至少有一年闭经史。术前把一个含有17β-雌二醇的硅胶环,放入病人阴道,保留14天(第一组),此环每天大约释放200μg17β-雌二醇,其中四名妇女在术前七天还要接受孕酮直肠栓剂,200mg,每天两次(第二组)。     

良性乳房疾病的内分泌调查

人类乳房是卵巢所分泌的重要类固醇特别是雌二醇和孕酮的靶器管。在月经周期中,乳腺表现的生理变化可能与卵巢分泌这两种类固醇有关。动物试验研究,雌二醇(E_2)刺激乳腺上皮细胞和乳腺导管增生,而孕酮(P)诱导乳腺腺泡发育,并阻碍雌激素对间质的作用。给已阉割的母鼠用E_2试验,能诱发乳腺导管增殖,随之扩张形成囊肿,同时也刺激了乳腺结缔组织。长期使用雌激素与乳房纤维囊性病的发病有关。孕酮对乳房结缔组织的作用与雌激素相反。作者研究了184例患良性乳房疾病(BBD)的患者,根据临床症状及X线摄影等的不同情况分为5组观察,并与50例正常妇女对比。根据基础体温和血浆孕酮的测定,确知这些妇女都有排卵周期。     

正常及引产妇女血浆与羊水催产素水平的连续观察

以往的研究曾指出催产素在体外能刺激胎膜组织产生前列腺素(PG),但催产素引产成功者却并无羊水中 PG 的显著升高。为此作者用 Sep-Pak药针连续抽取选择性剖腹产(8例)、正常分娩(13例)、催产素静脉点滴引产(8例)及阴道PG片剂引产(8例)病例的脐带血、羊水和血浆,测定其催产素水平,以了解这类肽类激素在发动临产     

血清孕酮、HCG检测在先兆流产中的诊断意义

目的:探讨在先兆流产诊断中血清孕酮、HCG检测的意义。方法:从我院2009年6月至2011年5月收治并确诊为早孕的自然受孕产妇中选取208例无卵巢肿瘤、宫颈机能不全及血液、内分泌、严重脏器疾病的产妇,并依据妊娠结果其分为正常妊娠组、先兆流产组、流产组,对3组产妇行血清孕酮、HCG检测及对比分析。3组年龄、孕龄方面差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)结果:正常妊娠组产妇血清孕酮和HCG水平明显高于先兆流产组和流产组,差异显著(P<0.01);先兆流产组产妇血清孕酮和HCG水平明显高于流产组,差异也具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:孕妇血清内孕酮和HCG水平的检测有助于先兆流产的早期诊断和治疗。     

未生育妇女卵巢早衰13例临床分析

目的:通过对未生育妇女卵巢早衰患者行激素周期治疗和促排卵治疗,评价其疗效,探讨可能有效的促排卵方案。方法:对13例患者行雌孕激素周期治疗3～6个周期,观察治疗前后患者临床症状、血清激素水平及盆腔超声相子宫的变化,并采用3种方案促排卵治疗。结果:13例患者经雌孕激素治疗3～6个周期后,血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平明显下降(P<0.01),血清雌二醇(E2)与服药前相比差异无显著性(P>0.05),与治疗前比较B超子宫横切面的横径、前后径有增厚(P<0.05),但子宫纵切面的长径与治疗前相比差异无显著性(P>0.05),子宫内膜显著增厚(P<0.01)。以人绝经期促性腺激素(HMG)/人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)方案和促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)/HMG/HCG方案促排卵治疗有成熟卵泡发育并各有1例妊娠。结论:卵巢早衰患者应尽可能查明病因,针对病因治疗,并尽早行激素周期治疗,有利于促排卵治疗成功,HMG/HCG和GnRHa/HMG/HCG这两种促排卵方案均有可行性。     

孕酮对组胺所致人子宫内膜细胞释放花生四烯酸的作用

关于妊娠分娩的机制问题存在有两种不同的观点。一种是通过调整前列腺素(PG)的合成控制分娩;另一种是类固醇激素控制分娩。近来的研究证明:雌二醇和孕酮均能影响子宫组织中PG的合成,即雌二醇长时间存在时能增加PG的合成,而孕酮则无此作用。已知PG合成的先决条件有赖于花生四烯酸的释放。本文研究的目的是要确定孕酮抑制PG合成的作用是否由抑制花生四烯酸释放所致。取健康或病人的子宫内膜及产妇的子宫蜕膜制备成细胞,分别与雌二醇、孕酮或氢化可的松一起在培养液中温孵,加入[~3H]-花生四烯酸后再温孵1小时。过滤和灌流后利用液闪技术测定灌流液     

米非司酮阴道给药对血清雌孕激素及输卵管生理状态的影响

目的:探讨米非司酮不同给药方式对血清雌孕激素及输卵管生理状态的影响。方法:新西兰大白兔米非司酮阴道给药(6ml/kg,1mg/ml)以及灌药口服给药(6mg/kg)后不同时间,利用高效液相色谱法;放射免疫分析法;结合化学分离与原子吸收分光光度法等方法,研究血清米非司酮浓度和雌二醇、孕酮浓度以及输卵管内分泌液、输卵管组织中Ca2+浓度。结果:灌药口服给药组的各时间点血清米非司酮浓度均明显低于阴道给药组,1h,2h时间点两组有显著差异(P<0.05);两种给药方式均可使血清孕酮水平降低,雌二醇浓度明显增加。阴道给药组孕酮的浓度最低值以及雌二醇浓度的最高值均明显早于口服给药组,0.5h,1h,2h时间点两组对比之间有显著差异(P<0.05);米非司酮阴道给药与灌药口服给药对Ca2+含量的影响无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:米非司酮两种给药方式对输卵管生理状态的影响无显著差异,阴道给药对血清孕酮、雌二醇的影响明显大于口服给药。     

Hormone profile in plasma and amniotic fluid during mid-trimester abortion induced by tricosanthin and by Rivanol]

This paper provides a brief account of the estimation of levels of 6 hormones, both in the plasma and amniotic fluid, by radioimmunoassay during midtrimester abortion induced by Trichosanthin and Rivanol. Results revealed that: 1) the level of plasma hCG declined more quickly than that of estradiol, estriol, and progesterone during abortion induced by Trichosanthin, but that there were no significant relationships between the magnitide of hormone decrease and the duration of abortion; 2) there was no significant difference in the decrease rate between plasma hCG and estradiol, estriol, or progesterone during Rivanol-induced abortion; and 3) there was a remarkable increase in the amniotic fluid of the estradiol and cortisol levels during abortions induced by both methods (P0.02-0.01). Also discussed was the mechanism of abortion induced by Trichosanthin and Rivanol. (author's modified)     

Hormones and cervical ripening: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, estriol, and progesterone

Fetal adrenal steroids have been shown to be important in the timing of parturition. Since dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is converted to estrogen, which is important in cervical softening, levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate together with those of estradiol, estriol, and progesterone were measured and compared in pregnant women undergoing induction of labor with ripe and unripe uterine cervices. While there were no differences between the levels of estradiol, estriol and progesterone in the two groups of women, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was significantly elevated in the group of women with ripe cervices. These findings suggest that cervical changes preceding the onset of labor are associated with a significant elevation of maternal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. Changes in maternal plasma estradiol, estriol, and progesterone levels do not appear to be clinically related to cervical ripeness.     

Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid levels of estradiol, estrone, progesterone, and prolactin in early pregnancy

During the 16th to 20th weeks of gestation, maternal plasma (mean) level of estradiol is 5.2 ng/mL; estrone, 3.0 ng/mL; estriol, 2.1 ng/mL; progesterone, 4235 ng/dL; and prolactin, 74 ng/mL. Amniotic fluid levels are: estradiol, 446.8 pg/mL; estrone, 234.1 pg/mL; progesterone, 5200 ng/dL; and prolactin, 2633.5 ng/mL. Maternal prolactin concentrations correlate with plasma estradiol. Amniotic fluid prolactin levels correlate significantly with maternal plasma concentrations of estradiol and estrone. The mechanisms for the possible relationship between maternal estradiol and pituitary and decidual tissue production of prolactin are discussed.     

The effect of norethindrone and some other synthetic gestagens upon the peripheral plasma levels of progesterone and estradiol during early, human pregnancy.

Synthetic gestagens were administered orally or intramuscularly during 25 early pregnancies in order to determine their effects, if any, on the peripheral plasma levels of progesterone and estradiol, in relation to the possibility of their inducing vaginal bleeding and abortion. Peripheral plasma levels of progesterone and estradiol were measured before, during and after treatment. In addition, plasma levels of norethindrone were measured in patients to whom this gestagen was given. 2 of the 25 women aborted after treatment, but examination of the hormonal patterns of these 2 cases indicated that the pregnancies were abnormal and would have aborted anyway. In the remaining 23 pregnancies, no vaginal bleeding or abortion occurred within about a week of treatment, and gestagens had no consistent effect upon progesterone or estradiol levels. These pregnancies were terminated by dilatation and curettage, and histological examination of fetal tissue revealed no differences when compared with fetal tissue obtained from controls. The results of this study indicate that the marked effects of synthetic gestagens on the menstrual cycle do not occur once pregnancy is established, and that abortion is not induced by their presence.     

Progesterone and unconjugated estriol in amniotic fluid and serum in diabetic patients during induction of labor

Progesterone and unconjugated estriol are radioimmunologically estimated in 42 diabetic patients in amniotic fluid and serum during last weeks of pregnancy and in the course of oxytocin-induced parturition. As unconjugated estriol rises in progressing weeks of pregnancy progesterone remains unchanged in both investigated fluids. The quotient progesterone unconjugated estriol correlates with affection to labour. There is no statistically significant change in both steroid hormones during induced labour.     

Plasma estrone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in human pregnancy. I. Normal pregnancy

To describe normal relationships between the various plasma unconjugated estrogens and progesterone during the second half of human pregnancy, the plasma concentrations of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and unconjugated estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) were measured in 126-310 normal women. Progesterone and unconjugated E1, E2, and E3 increased gradually throughout later pregnancy; 17-OHP increased only after the thirty-third week. At term the mean value of progesterone was 9 times higher than that 17-OHP. Throughout pregnancy the mean value of E2 was higher than that of E1 or E3. During the second half of pregnancy the ratios of progesterone to estradiol and estriol and of estradiol to estriol remained unchanged, indicating no preferential increase of plasma concentration of maternal or fetal hormones.     

Effect of ampicillin administration on plasma conjugated and unconjugated estrogen and progesterone levels in pregnancy.

The administration of ampicillin to three women in the last trimester of pregnancy caused a transient reduction in the plasma concentration of total conjugated estriol and of estriol-16alpha-glucuronide, as measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. Similar changes were seen in plasma conjugated estrone and estradiol levels, but the effect seemed to be more prolonged. In most cases, the reduction in plasma conjugated estrogens was greatest on the second and third day of ampicillin administration, the pattern being similar to that described previously for urinary estriol and other estrogens. There were no obvious differences in the ampicillin effect between the morning and afternoon plasma levels. Ampicillin caused no consistent change in the plasma levels of unconjugated estrone, estradiol, and estriol or in plasma progesterone. These results are discussed with consideration of our present understanding of the effect of ampicillin on the intestinal metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of steroids.     

Alterations in saliva steroid hormone levels after oral mifepristone administration in women with pregnancies of greater than 41 weeks' gestation

The objective of this study is to describe the effects of oral mifepristone administration on saliva levels of estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and cortisol in women with postdates pregnancy. As an adjunct to a randomized controlled trial comparing 200 mg oral mifepristone to placebo for cervical ripening and labor induction in women with pregnancies greater than 41 weeks' gestation, saliva samples were obtained before drug administration and every 6 hours thereafter for 24 hours. Estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and cortisol levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Ninety-seven participants received mifepristone, and 83 received placebo. Saliva steroid hormone data were available for 71 mifepristone-and 60 placebo-treated women. Mean baseline saliva estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and cortisol levels were similar between study groups. At 24 hours after study medication administration, saliva estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and cortisol levels in the mifepristone group were significantly elevated compared with baseline. There was no significant change in hormone levels in the placebo group. Oral mifepristone significantly increased saliva estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and cortisol compared with placebo. This may reflect mifepristone's antiglucocorticoid properties. These hormone elevations may contribute to the mechanism by which mifepristone causes cervical ripening and increases myometrial activity.     

Prolactin secretion during pregnancy and puerperium: response to metoclopramide and interactions with placental hormones

Prolactin (PRL) response to an intravenous administration of metoclopramide (10 mg) was examined during normal pregnancy and puerperium. Basal PRL and the metoclopramide-induced increase of PRL increased gradually during pregnancy. This was paralleled by serum estradiol, estriol, and progesterone levels. A positive correlation between serum progesterone and metoclopramide-induced PRL concentrations was found at week 36 of pregnancy. In lactating women, metoclopramide always induced higher increases of PRL than did suckling stimulation on the seventh day postpartum. The PRL responses to suckling and metoclopramide were significantly correlated with each other, but no correlation was found between placental steroid levels throughout pregnancy, PRL levels after parturition, and total milk production during seven days postpartum.     

Rate of fall in plasma progesterone and time to abortion following intra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin F2alpha, with or without urea, in the second trimester of human pregnancy.

Progesterone concentrations have been determined in a total of 175 peripheral plasma samples obtained serially from 20 women undergoing mid-trimester abortion. In ten patients abortion was induced in intra-amniotic administration of 50 mg. of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF 2alpha) alone; in ten others it was induced with 50 mg. of intra-amniotic PGF2alpha with 80 g. of urea. Mean instillation-abortion intervals were 29-0 hours in the group receiving PGF2alpha alone and 12-1 hours in the groups receiving PGF2alpha and urea. In eight of the patients treated with PGF2alpha and urea, and in four of those treated with PGF2alpha alone, there were significant decreases in progesterone level (determined by calculation of correlation coefficients) during the instillation-abortion iterval. When plotted against instillation-abortion times, calculated rates of decease in peripheral plasma progesterone levels showed a statistically significant regression (p smaller than 0-05). This indicates that progesterone levels drop most rapidly in patients with shorter instillation-abortion times. There was no relationship between initial progesterone levels and instillation-abortion times.