庐山岩浆核杂岩隆起-快速伸展变形特征和时代

华南板块中东部晚中生代广泛发育伸展构造变形事件,不仅发育沉积红盆、伸展穹窿、变质核杂岩、韧性拆离断层带等,也发育大规模的同构造岩浆和成矿作用,但是快速伸展时限仍然存在争议。选取庐山岩浆核杂岩,针对岩浆核杂岩两侧的晚中生代韧性剪切带及周缘开展野外地质调查及同构造变形分析。构造变形的运动学解析结果表明,庐山岩浆核杂岩拆离正断层的伸展方向为NW—SE向,同构造⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar测年获得白云母主坪视年龄为105.20±0.23 Ma和黑云母主坪视年龄95.84±0.09 Ma,限定了庐山岩浆核杂岩隆升-快速伸展时限集中于95～105 Ma。庐山岩浆核杂岩本期伸展构造变形特征及形成时代与华南板块区域性的隆升-伸展变形特征一致,代表了华南板块晚中生代以来快速的伸展构造变形事件,形成机制可能与古太平洋板块向华南板块俯冲后的板块弯转后撤有关。     

赞皇变质窍隆黑云母^40Ar／^39Ar年代学研究及其对构造热事件的约束

太行山南段赞皇变质杂岩中黑云母给出了1827～1793Ma的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄,代表了变质基底在经历高温热扰动后冷却到300℃时的热事件年龄。结合华北克拉通变质岩的其他年代学资料,认为1800Ma士华北克拉通内经历了一次广泛而强烈的构造热伸展事件,致使克拉通基底岩石快速抬升到中上地壳,其冷却速率>6℃/Ma,隆升速率>200m/Ma。赞皇变质杂岩内苍岩寺、岗西-榆底-黑水河东和坡底-郝庄韧性剪切带内糜棱岩中黑云母分别给出了1689Ma、1633Ma和1645Ma的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄,代表了剪切带变形的主变形时代,这一年龄也为约束长城系的底界年龄提供了新的信息。结合已有的热年代学资料,推断华北克拉通内部赞皇变质地区中元古代的冷却速率约0.4℃/Ma,隆升速率为15m/Ma。由此也表明,自中元古代以来华北克拉通内部未受到后期构造热事件的强烈扰动,赞皇变质杂岩并非中生代变质核杂岩,而是早元古代变质穹隆。     

内蒙古呼和浩特变质核杂岩韧性拆离带40Ar-39Ar定年及其构造含义

晚中生代,内蒙古大青山依次经历晚侏罗世盘羊山逆冲推覆、早白垩世呼和浩特变质核杂岩伸展、早白垩世大青山逆冲推覆断层及早白垩世以来高角度正断层复杂构造演化。其中,呼和浩特变质核杂岩韧性剪切带的冷却时间和抬升机制的制约尚不明确。本文在野外考察和显微构造分析基础上,采用逐步加热40Ar-39Ar定年法对韧性剪切带内不同单矿物的冷却年龄进行了测定。角闪石、白云母、黑云母和钾长石单矿物40Ar-39Ar冷却年龄处于120~116Ma之间。结合已有年龄数据及单矿物封闭温度,构建了韧性剪切带的冷却曲线。结果表明,韧性剪切带在122~115Ma期间存在一个明显的快速冷却过程。这一阶段快速冷却是与变质核杂岩拆离断层相关核部杂岩拆离折返作为大青山逆冲推覆断层上盘抬升的结果。     

内蒙古韧性剪切带型金矿──十八顷毫矿区~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄特征及其地质意义

对采自十八顷毫金矿区的黑云母、角闪石用阶段升温法进行40Ar／39Ar年龄谱研究，结合矿区地质特征，认为黑云母近似直线年龄谱的坪年龄（277Ma）及角闪石稳定坪年龄（288Ma）代表了韧性剪切带最新活动的时代；角闪石矿物年龄谱反映的后期热扰动（268Ma）反映区域退化变质作用发生的时代，269～277Ma的年龄可能代表了与退化变质同时的金矿化时代。     

庐山变质核杂岩伸展拆离和岩浆作用的年代学约束

庐山变质核杂岩是华南中生代岩石圈减薄事件的浅层响应。研究伸展拆离和岩浆作用在其形成过程中的相互关系,对于认识地壳浅层的伸展减薄过程和变质核杂岩的形成机制具有重要的意义。在宏观和显微构造研究的基础上,分别对基底拆离断层和玉京山岩体进行了40Ar/39Ar年代学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,为伸展拆离和岩浆作用提供了年代学约束,主要获得了以下认识:(1)变质核杂岩核部玉京山花岗岩体的锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄为(133.0±2.1)Ma,代表了变质核杂岩核部岩浆活动的启动时间。(2)基底拆离断层下盘韧性剪切带内的白云母40Ar/39Ar年龄(140.4±1.7)Ma代表了庐山变质核杂岩的形成时间,也代表了庐山地区岩石圈伸展减薄的时间,即岩石圈伸展减薄始于早白垩世。(3)庐山变质核杂岩是中生代不同尺度的伸展拆离和岩浆活动共同作用的结果,在地壳浅层的具体形成过程中伸展拆离早于岩浆侵位,基底拆离断层的减压效应为深部岩浆的上升侵位创造了条件,岩浆侵位造成山体的隆升,又引发了盖层的重力滑脱。     

郯庐断裂带肥东段走滑运动的40Ar/39Ar法定年

郯庐断裂带在华北与华南板块碰撞之后是否发生过大规模左行平移及其准确的时间,仍然是存在着争议的重要问题。郯庐断裂肥东段地表出露了大规模的、北北东走向的韧性剪切带。野外构造、显微构造与石英C轴组构分析皆指示为左旋走滑韧性剪切带。糜棱岩中变形矿物组合与矿物变形行为指示该韧性剪切带形成于中—高绿片岩相环境。通过对该段走滑糜棱岩中角闪石与黑云母的40Ar/39Ar年代学研究,本次工作中获得了一个角闪石(N14)的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为143.3±1.3Ma(早白垩世初),据变形温度判断其代表了该断裂带左行平移中的变形年龄。该糜棱岩(N14)中新生的黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为134.1±0.6Ma,而同一采场中另一糜棱岩(N13)中新生黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为130.3±0.6Ma,皆指示了左行平移活动的冷却年龄。另外4处走滑糜棱岩中黑云母的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄分别为137.2±0.8Ma(N47)、135.6±0.6Ma(N17)、124.8±0.7Ma(N21)和125.9±0.4Ma(N22),也都属于冷却年龄,反映了该走滑韧性剪带内的不均匀冷却现象。由此变形年龄与冷却年龄可以判断该断裂带的左行平移持续时间不超过6Ma左右。由N14糜棱岩中的角闪石与黑云母坪年龄得到该处的平均冷却速率为21.7℃/Ma,属于较快速的冷却。本次40Ar/39Ar测年结果,更可靠地证实了郯庐断裂     

广东南澳和莲花山韧性剪切带^40Ar／^39Ar年龄及其地质意义

采自广东南澳韧性剪切带和莲花山韧性剪切带的6个单矿物的40Ar/39Ar年龄谱数据可分为3组：151～162Ma、117.5～129.7Ma、66～97Ma。第1组年龄代表较深层次逆冲、褶皱和动热变质的时代,该期间沿莲花山断裂带开始出现火山活动;第2组年龄(2/3样品40Ar/39Ar坪年龄值集中于这一组范围内),代表强烈韧性剪切、左行平移兼逆断层活动的时代,即韧性剪切带的形成时代,此期在南澳断裂带还发生了混合岩化和花岗岩化作用;第3组年龄代表后期热扰动,即韧脆性转化、右行平移正断层活动和地壳伸展的时代。     

大青山伸展拆离断层运动学涡度研究及构造指示意义

在华北北缘的大青山伸展拆离断裂带叠加在中生代逆冲断层之上,其韧性剪切带在变质核杂岩南北两侧出露,运动学指向为上盘向南东向拆离.运动学涡度分析表明,大青山拆离断层剪切带早期(较高温)简单剪切分量不断增加直至简单剪切;拆离断层总体平均涡度Wm简单剪切分量沿拆离断层上盘运动方向增大,与韧性剪切带先垂向颈缩、后水平伸展的被动式...     

华北地块南缘中段中生代花岗质岩石的40Ar-39Ar年代学研究

对华北地块南缘4个中生代花岗质岩体中的角闪石和黑云母进行了40Ar-39Ar定年研究。结果表明,陕西黑山村岩体黑云母花岗闪长岩中黑云母的40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为126. 6±0. 3Ma,河南马家湾岩体细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩中黑云母的40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为126. 6±0. 2Ma,河南洛宁南八百坡岩体黑云母二长花岗岩中角闪石的40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为128. 3±0. 3Ma,山西蚕坊岩体花岗闪长岩中角闪石的40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为129. 2±0. 2Ma。上述结果显示华北地块南缘中生代的岩浆活动主要发生在早白垩世。该期岩浆的产生应与中国东部早白垩世的伸展环境相联系。     

庐山变质核杂岩基底拆离带的变质作用P-T条件及其活动时代

庐山变质核杂岩发育的拆离带分为东、西两条,伸展拆离和韧性流变构造发育,且具有伸展对称性。西侧拆离带内断层岩序列完整,上部为一固态流变构造带,以主拆离带为分界形成一个伸展构造变形的垂向分层变形域,主拆离带处变形最强。东侧拆离带主要发育糜棱岩带和构造片岩(片麻岩)带,其他构造层未见出露,其伸展拆离构造是叠加和改造早期左行剪切构造发育的。东侧拆离带内矿物的显微变形特征估算变形温度为500~580℃和580~700℃,又利用黑云母Ti温度计得到613~698℃的变质温度。角闪石-斜长石地质温度计和角闪石全铝压力计计算西侧拆离带内斜长角闪片岩的变质温度为666~691℃,压力为0.65~0.75GPa,说明西侧拆离带形成时的温压条件较高,埋深较大,与东侧拆离带一样达到了高角闪岩相。通过锆石年代学的研究得到东侧拆离带的伸展年龄为138.9Ma,与西侧拆离带一致,伸展早于岩浆,推测庐山变质核杂岩的原始拆离带是西侧拆离带,东侧拆离带是在重力均衡调节产生的底辟、褶皱作用下形成的次级拆离带。     

内蒙赤峰地区若干主干断裂带的构造热年代学

黑里河-宋三家和西拉木仑近东西向断裂的宏观和显微组构特征均指示了右行走滑剪切；小城子-八里罕北北东向断裂显示了平面上的左行剪切和剖面上的正断式剪切。根据断裂糜棱岩中长石残斑与韧性基质在粒径上的显著差异，采用逐级破碎、逐级分选的方法，逐次剔除长石残斑。从细粒韧性基质中分选出钾长石、斜长石和黑云母，进行糜棱岩矿物内部Rb—Sr等时线定年和单颗粒黑云母的激光熔化^40Ar／^39Ar定年。定年结果显示，糜棱岩化促进了手标本尺度上的同位素均一化，造成了原岩同位素时钟的重置。定年结果表明，黑里河-宋三家断裂变形的年龄为232Ma；西拉木仑断裂右行挤压走滑的年龄为165Ma。蒙古古生代岩浆弧与华北地块北缘的碰撞拼贴，以及华北-蒙古联合地块与西伯利亚板块的碰撞拼贴的远程效应。导致了上述2期变形。小城子-八里罕断裂的左行和正断式剪切的年龄介于127～117Ma，与喀喇沁核杂岩的快速隆升时期相同。壳-幔隆升促进了中下地壳的韧性化和拆离，导致了北北东向断裂的左行和正断式剪切。     

西昆仑库地韧性剪切带的40Ar/39Ar年龄

西昆仑库地以南有一套变质变形较强的岩系,前人依照区域对比关系将其划为前寒武的古老基底。对西昆仑早期构造演化的论述均基于该观点,但没有提供确凿的同位素年代学证据。笔者通过野外观察、室内研究,确认库地以南的变质变形岩系是大型韧性推覆剪切作用的产物。通过对新生变质矿物角闪石和黑云母单矿物的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄分析,确定剪切变质年龄为426-451Ma,说明库地的变质变形岩系是形成于早古生代晚期的一条大型韧性剪切带,这对于解释西昆仑的早期构造演化具有重要意义。     

40Ar/39Ar geochronology constraints on the Middle Tertiary basement extensional exhumation,and its relation to ore-forming and magmatic processes in the Eastern Rhodope (Bulgaria)

The interaction of distinct geologic processes involved during late orogenic extensional exhumation history of the metamorphic units in the Eastern Rhodope is refined by new and reviewing ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronological and structural data. Minerals with different closure temperatures from metamorphic rocks investigated in this study are combined with those from magmatic and ore-forming hydrothermal rocks in two late stage metamorphic domes – the Kesebir-Kardamos and the Biala reka-Kehros domes. The 38-37 Ma muscovite and biotite cooling ages below 350°-300°C characterize basement metamorphic rocks that typified core of the Kesebir-Kardamos dome, constraining their exhumation at shallow crustal levels in the footwall of detachment. These ages are interpreted as reflecting last stage of ductile activity on shear zone below detachment, which continued to operate under low-temperature conditions within the semi-ductile to brittle field. They are close to and overlap with existing cooling ages in southern Bulgaria and northern Greece, indicating supportively that the basement rocks regionally cooled between 42-36 Ma below temperatures 350°-300°C. The spatial distribution of ages shows a southward gradual increase up structural section, suggesting an asymmetrical mode of extension, cooling and exhumation from south to the north at latitude of the Kesebir-Kardamos dome. The slightly younger 36.5-35 Ma crystallization ages of adularia in altered rocks from the ore deposits in the immediate hanging-wall of detachments are attributed to brittle deformation on high-angle normal faults, which further contributed to upper crustal extension, and thus constraining the time when alteration took place and deformation continued at brittle crustal levels. Silicic dykes yielded ages between 32-33 Ma, typically coinciding with the main phase of Palaeogene magmatic activity, which started in Eastern Rhodope region in Late Eocene (Priabonian) times. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages from the above distinct rock types span time interval lasting approximately ca. 6 Ma. Consequently, our geochronologic results consistently indicate that extensional tectonics and related exhumation and doming, epithermal mineralizations and volcanic activity are closely spaced in time. These new ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age results further contribute to temporal constraints on the timing of tectonic, relative to ore-forming and magmatic events, suggesting in addition that all above mentioned processes interfered during the late orogenic extensional collapse in the Eastern Rhodope region.     

索伦缝合带中的印支期伸展作用:中国内蒙古苏尼特左旗变质核杂岩(英文)

根据对内蒙古苏尼特左旗地区的野外研究 ,我们将以前描述的交其尔逆冲断层重新解释为一南倾的伸展拆离断层。该断层为一印支期变质核杂的主拆离断层 ,它叠加在缩短的阿尔泰和满洲里带间的晚古生代索伦缝合带上。变质核杂岩的组成要素包括 :下盘的古生代中期和二叠—三叠纪侵入体 (分别是宝底道和哈拉图岩体 ) ,交其尔拆离断层之下、叠加在下盘岩体上的糜棱岩状剪切带 ,拆离断层本身和上盘成分多变、构造复杂的古生代和元古宙岩石。从U Pb年龄为 2 5 2Ma的糜棱岩化哈拉图岩体中获得白云母 ,其40 Ar/ 3 9Ar冷却年龄为 2 2 4Ma和 2 0 8Ma ,而后伸展沉积的下、中侏罗统沉积在下盘之上 ,表明变质核杂岩形成于印支期 ,即晚三叠世至侏罗纪最早期。研究区内 ,北东东走向的交其尔拆离断层的伸展作用方向大致为 2 15°。这是索伦缝合带内首次发现的印支期伸展作用 ,结合分隔遥远的中国各地区 ,如大别—苏鲁缝合带、西藏高原羌塘变质带和东阿尔金山区近来报道的其它一些晚三叠—早侏罗世 (约 2 2 0～ 190Ma)沿韧性拆离断层的伸展作用实例 ,清楚表明东亚地区区域性印支期变形的性质有必要进行重新研究     

云南崇山剪切断裂系显微构造特征及其40 Ar-39 Ar年代学约束

野外构造解析和显微构造分析表明:崇山剪切断裂系北部的崇山剪切断裂带为一条左旋走滑剪切带,变形温度为300～550℃,为绿片岩相至低角闪岩相;而南部的临沧剪切带是一条带有NWW-SEE向地壳缩短变形的左旋走滑剪切带,普遍为绿片岩相,变形温度为300～450℃,存在向SE的推覆事件。对采自崇山和临沧韧性剪切带内糜棱岩样品中矿物的40Ar-39Ar年代学研究表明:崇山韧性剪切带凤庆至小湾公路26km处02DX-139样品中黑云母40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为28.3±0.1Ma,临沧韧性剪切带双江粟义剖面02DX-51样品白云母给出了31.5±0.2Ma的坪年龄。崇山-临沧剪切断裂带变形运动学和变形时序与哀牢山-红河剪切断裂带具有很好的一致性,这为理解滇西地区新生代构造演化和亚欧-印度块体的拼合效应及南海海盆的打开提供了新的信息。     

陕西小秦岭华阳川韧性剪切带的特征及其区域构造意义

陕西小秦岭华阳川韧性剪切带发育在新太古界太华群之中,野外调研和显微构造观察结果表明,该韧性剪切带是由构造片岩、眼球状片麻岩组成的深层次韧性剪切带,具有逆冲兼左行走滑的斜冲特征。对韧性剪切带构造片岩黑云母进行^40Ar／^39Ar同位素定年,获得坪年龄为419M±0．6Ma,反等时线年龄为417Ma±0．8Ma。认为华阳川韧性剪切带及其相应的小秦岭区域主导构造变形是发生于419Ma左右的秦岭加里东事件的结果。     

Amphibole Ar/Ar Geochronology from the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt, South Korea and its Tectonic Implications

An understanding of the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt (OMB) in South Korea is central to unraveling the tectono-metamorphic evolution of East Asia. Amphibole-bearing rocks in the OMB occur as calcsilicate layers and lenses in psammitic rocks, in the psammitic rocks themselves, and in the mafic volcanic layers and intrusives. Most amphiboles fail to show ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages; those that do have ages ranging from 132 to 975 Ma. The disturbed age pattern and wide variation in ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages can be related to metamorphic grade, retrograde chemical reactions, excess Ar and amphibole composition. The oldest age (975 Ma) can be interpreted either as an old igneous or metamorphic age predating sedimentation or a false age caused by excess Ar. The youngest age of 132 Ma and the disturbed age pattern found in amphiboles from rocks located close to Jurassic granitoids are the result of retrograde thermal metamorphic effects accompanying intrusion of the granitoids. Some medium- or coarse-grained amphiboles in the calcsilicates are aggregates of fine-grained crystals. As a result, they are heterogeneous and prove to be readily affected by excess Ar. A disturbed age pattern in amphiboles from the calcsilicates occurring in the high-grade metamorphic zone may also be the product of excess Ar. On the other hand, the disturbed pattern of amphiboles present in the calcsilicates from the low-grade metamorphic zone could arise from both excess Ar and mixed ages. However, amphiboles from psammitic rocks and some calcsilicates in the high-grade metamorphic zone and in intrusive metabasites display real plateau ages of 237 to 261 Ma. The temperature conditions in the high-grade metamorphic zone were higher than the argon closing temperature for amphibole, and the amphiboles in this zone give plateau ages only when they are homogeneous in composition, lack excess Ar, and have not been thermally affected by intrusion of the granitoids. The unmodified ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages prove rather younger than the age of the Late Paleozoic metamorphic event of 280 to 300 Ma, but they are close to muscovite K-Ar ages of 263 to 277 Ma. These ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar amphibole ages are interpreted as the time of cooling that followed the main regional, intermediate-P/T metamorphic climax. The results demonstrate that interpretation of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar amphibole ages in an area subjected to several metamorphic events can be accomplished only by undertaking a thorough tectono-metamorphic study, accompanied by detailed chemical analysis of the amphiboles.     

^Ar／^39Ar Dating of Deformation Events and Reconstruction of Exhumation of Ultrahigh—Pressure Metamorphic Rocks in Donghai,East China

Abstract Recent investigations reveal that the ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks in the Donghai region of East China underwent ductile and transitional ductile‐brittle structural events during their exhumation. The earlier ductile deformation took place under the condition of amphibolite facies and the later transitional ductile‐brittle deformation under the condition of greenschist facies. The hanging walls moved southeastward during both of these two events. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of muscovites from muscovite‐plagioclase schists in the Haizhou phosphorous mine, which are structurally overlain by UHPM rocks, yields a plateau age of 218.0±2.9 Ma and isochron age of 219.8Ma, indicating that the earlier event of the ampibolite‐facies deformation probably took place about 220 Ma ago. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of oriented amphiboles parallel to the movement direction of the hanging wall on a decollement plane yields a plateau age of 213.1 ± 0.3 Ma and isochron age of 213.4±4.1 Ma, probably representing the age of the later event. The dating of pegmatitic biotites and K‐feldspars near the decollement plane from the eastern Fangshan area yield plateau ages of 203.4±0.3 Ma, 203.6±0.4 Ma and 204.8±2.2 Ma, and isochron ages of 204.0±2.0 Ma, 200.6±3.1 Ma and 204.0±5.0 Ma, respectively, implying that the rocks in the studied area had not been cooled down to closing temperature of the dated biotites and K‐feldspars until the beginning of the Jurassic (about 204 Ma). The integration of these data with previous chronological ages on the ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism lead to a new inference on the exhumation of the UHPM rocks. The UHPM rocks in the area were exhumed at the rate of 3–4 km/Ma from the mantle (about 80–100 km below the earth's surface at about 240 Ma) to the lower crust (at the depth of about 20‐30km at 220 Ma), and at the rate of 1–2 km/Ma to the middle crust (at the depth of about 15 km at 213 Ma), and then at the rate of less than 1 km/Ma to the upper crust about 10 km deep at about 204 Ma.     

海南公爱NW向韧性剪切带构造特征及其40Ar-39Ar年代学约束

在海南岛西部公爱地区识别出NW向韧性剪切带,其野外构造解析和显微构造分析表明,公爱NW向韧性剪切带早期为右旋剪切,变形温度约300～450℃。对该韧性剪切带糜棱岩样品中白云母单矿物的40Ar39Ar定年结果表明:样品04HN17和04HN18分别给出了250.0±1.0Ma和248.0±1.0Ma的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄,为印支早期变形产物。海南公爱NW向韧性剪切带变形运动学和变形时序与印支北部NW向韧性剪切带(如SongMa地区)具有很好的一致性,这为理解公爱地区早中生代构造演化及华南陆块和印支半岛印支期构造演化提供了新的信息。