Finite difference reaction-diffusion systems with coupled boundary conditions and time delays

This paper is concerned with finite difference solutions of a coupled system of reaction-diffusion equations with nonlinear boundary conditions and time delays. The system is coupled through the reaction functions as well as the boundary conditions, and the time delays may appear in both the reaction functions and the boundary functions. The reaction-diffusion system is discretized by the finite difference method, and the investigation is devoted to the finite difference equations for both the time-dependent problem and its corresponding steady-state problem. This investigation includes the existence and uniqueness of a finite difference solution for nonquasimonotone functions, monotone convergence of the time-dependent solution to a maximal or a minimal steady-state solution for quasimonotone functions, and local and global attractors of the time-dependent system, including the convergence of the time-dependent solution to a unique steady-state solution. Also discussed are some computational algorithms for numerical solutions of the steady-state problem when the reaction function and the boundary function are quasimonotone. All the results for the coupled reaction-diffusion equations are directly applicable to systems of parabolic-ordinary equations and to reaction-diffusion systems without time delays.     

Time-Delayed finite difference reaction-diffusion systems with nonquasimonotone functions

Summary This paper is concerned with finite difference solutions of a system of reaction-diffusion equations with coupled nonlinear boundary conditions and time delays. The reaction functions and the boundary functions are not necessarily quasimonotone, and the time delays may appear in the reaction functions as well as in the boundary functions. The investigation is devoted to the finite difference system for both the time-dependent problem and its corresponding steady-state problem. Some monotone iteration processes for the finite difference systems are given, and the asymptotic behavior of the time-dependent solution in relation to the steady-state solution is discussed. The asymptotic behavior result leads to some local and global attractors of the time-dependent problem, including the convergence of the time-dependent solution to a unique steady-state solution. An application and some numerical results to an enzyme-substrate reaction-diffusion problem are given. All the results are directly applicable to parabolic-ordinary systems and to reaction-diffusion systems without time delays. The work of this author was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.10571059, E-Institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission No. E03004, Shanghai Priority Academic Discipline, and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry.     

The global attractor of a competitor–competitor–mutualist reaction–diffusion system with time delays

The aim of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of time-dependent solutions of a three-species reaction–diffusion system in a bounded domain under a Neumann boundary condition. The system governs the population densities of a competitor, a competitor–mutualist and a mutualist, and time delays may appear in the reaction mechanism. It is shown, under a very simple condition on the reaction rates, that the reaction–diffusion system has a unique constant positive steady-state solution, and for any nontrivial nonnegative initial function the corresponding time-dependent solution converges to the positive steady-state solution. An immediate consequence of this global attraction property is that the trivial solution and all forms of semitrivial solutions are unstable. Moreover, the state–state problem has no nonuniform positive solution despite possible spatial dependence of the reaction and diffusion. All the conclusions for the time-delayed system are directly applicable to the system without time delays and to the corresponding ordinary differential system with or without time delays.     

Optimal time delays in a class of reaction-diffusion equations

ABSTRACT

A class of semilinear parabolic reaction diffusion equations with multiple time delays is considered. These time delays and corresponding weights are to be optimized such that the associated solution of the delay equation is the best approximation of a desired state function. The differentiability of the mapping is proved that associates the solution of the delay equation to the vector of weights and delays. Based on an adjoint calculus, first-order necessary optimality conditions are derived. Numerical test examples show the applicability of the concept of optimizing time delays.     

Asymptotic convergence of solutions of a scalar q-difference equation with double delays

We obtain sufficient conditions for the asymptotic convergence of all solutions of a scalar q-difference equation with double delays. Moreover, we prove that the limits of the solutions could be formulated in terms of the initial functions and the solution of a corresponding sum equation.     

Exponential stability criteria of uncertain systems with multiple time delays

The exponential stability (with convergence rate α) of uncertain linear systems with multiple time delays is studied in this paper. Using the characteristic function of linear time-delay system, stability criteria are derived to guarantee α-stability. Sufficient conditions are also obtained for exponential stability of uncertain parametric systems with multiple time delays. For two-dimensional time-invariant system with multiple time delays, the proposed stability criteria are shown to be less conservative than those in the literature. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the validity of our new stability criteria.     

n维变时滞Lotka-Volterra系统周期正解的存在性

基于非线性常微分方程泛函分析研究了一类变时滞n维非自治Lotka-Volterra系统周期正解的存在性,利用重合度理论建立了这类系统周期正解的存在性判据,得到了相应的充分性条件.同时对系统的持久性问题也作了分析,得到了相应的定理.最后,通过计算机仿真,对文中论述周期正解的存在性进行了佐证.     

Complex dynamics in the Leslie–Gower type of the food chain system with multiple delays

In this paper, we present a Leslie–Gower type of food chain system composed of three species, which are resource, consumer, and predator, respectively. The digestion time delays corresponding to consumer-eat-resource and predator-eat-consumer are introduced for more realistic consideration. It is called the resource digestion delay (RDD) and consumer digestion delay (CDD) for simplicity. Analyzing the corresponding characteristic equation, the stabilities of the boundary and interior equilibrium points are studied. The food chain system exhibits the species coexistence for the small values of digestion delays. Large RDD/CDD may destabilize the species coexistence and induce the system dynamic into recurrent bloom or system collapse. Further, the present of multiple delays can control species population into the stable coexistence. To investigate the effect of time delays on the recurrent bloom of species population, the Hopf bifurcation and periodic solution are investigated in detail in terms of the central manifold reduction and normal form method. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to display some complex dynamics, which include multiple periodic solution and chaos motion for the different values of system parameters. The system dynamic behavior evolves into the chaos motion by employing the period-doubling bifurcation.     

Global asymptotic stability of Lotka-Volterra 3-species reaction-diffusion systems with time delays

This paper is concerned with three 3-species time-delayed Lotka-Volterra reaction-diffusion systems and their corresponding ordinary differential systems without diffusion. The time delays may be discrete or continuous, and the boundary conditions for the reaction-diffusion systems are of Neumann type. The goal of the paper is to obtain some simple and easily verifiable conditions for the existence and global asymptotic stability of a positive steady-state solution for each of the three model problems. These conditions involve only the reaction rate constants and are independent of the diffusion effect and time delays. The result of global asymptotic stability implies that each of the three model systems coexists, is permanent, and the trivial and all semitrivial solutions are unstable. Our approach to the problem is based on the method of upper and lower solutions for a more general reaction-diffusion system which gives a common framework for the 3-species model problems. Some global stability results for the 2-species competition and prey-predator reaction-diffusion systems are included in the discussion.     

Acceleration of the Process of Entering Stationary Mode for Solutions of a Linearized System of Viscous Gas Dynamics. I

The problem of construction of control Dirichlet boundary conditions accelerating the convergence of the corresponding solution to its steady state for given initial conditions is studied for the linearized system of differential equations approximately describing the dynamics of viscous gas. The algorithm is described and estimates of convergence rate are presented for the differential case.     

Global attractor of a coupled finite difference reaction diffusion system with delays

In the study of asymptotic behavior of solutions for reaction diffusion systems, an important concern is to determine whether and when the system has a global attractor which attracts all positive time-dependent solutions. The aim of this paper is to investigate the global attraction problem for a finite difference system which is a discrete approximation of a coupled system of two reaction diffusion equations with time delays. Sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the existence and global attraction of a positive solution of the corresponding steady-state system. Applications are given to three types of Lotka-Volterra reaction diffusion models, where time-delays may appear in the opposing species.     

Leaderless and leader-following consensus of multi-agent chaotic systems with unknown time delays and switching topologies

In this paper the distributed consensus problem for a class of multi-agent chaotic systems with unknown time delays under switching topologies and directed intermittent communications is investigated. Each agent is modeled as a general nonlinear system including many chaotic systems with or without time delays. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and graph theory, some sufficient conditions guarantee the exponential convergence. A graph-dependent Lyapunov proof provides the definite relationship among the bound of unknown time delays, the admissible communication rate and each possible topology duration. Moreover, the relationship reveals that these parameters have impacts on both the convergence speed and control cost. The case with leader-following communication graph is also addressed. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Strong Convergence of Euler Approximations of Stochastic Differential Equations with Delay Under Local Lipschitz Condition

The strong convergence of Euler approximations of stochastic delay differential equations is proved under general conditions. The assumptions on drift and diffusion coefficients have been relaxed to include polynomial growth and only continuity in the arguments corresponding to delays. Furthermore, the rate of convergence is obtained under one-sided and polynomial Lipschitz conditions. Finally, our findings are demonstrated with the help of numerical simulations.     

Exponential convergence of BAM neural networks with time-varying coefficients and distributed delays

In the current paper, BAM neural networks with time-varying coefficients and distributed time delays are studied. Sufficient conditions guaranteeing the exponential componentwise convergence and existence of one unique periodic solution are obtained by the comparison principle, continuation theorem of topological degree and inequality techniques. The boundedness and differentiability of activation functions are removed. The obtained sufficient criteria are easy to verify and are hence very useful in applications.     

Dynamics of bidirectional associative memory networks with distributed delays and reaction–diffusion terms

In this paper, the periodic oscillatory solution and stability are investigated for a class of bidirectional associative memory neural networks with distributed delays and reaction–diffusion terms. By constructing a new Lyapunov functional, applying M-matrix theory and inequality technique, several novel sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the existence and uniqueness of periodic oscillatory solutions for bidirectional associative memory neural networks with distributed delays and reaction–diffusion terms, and all other solutions of this network converge exponentially to the unique periodic oscillatory solution. Moreover, the exponential convergence rate is estimated, which depends on the delay kernel functions and the system parameters. Two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained results. The results extend and improve the previously known results.     

Stability of linear time-varying delay systems and applications to control problems

This paper deals with the stability of a class of linear time-varying systems with multiple delays. Using the Lyapunov function method, we give sufficient delay-dependent conditions for the exponential stability with a given convergence rate, which are described in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMI) and the solution of Riccati differential equations (RDE). The results are applied to the problem of stabilization of linear time-varying control systems with multiple delays. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the results.     

Monotone method and convergence acceleration for finite-difference solutions of parabolic problems with time delays

In this article we study a finite-difference system, which is a discrete version of a class of nonlinear reaction-diffusion systems with time delays. Existence-comparison and uniqueness theorem are first established for the discretized problem by the method of upper and lower solutions. A monotone iterative scheme is also developed for the solution of the finite-difference system. Under a convergence acceleration scheme, it is shown that the monotone sequences converge quadratically to the solution of the finite-difference system. At last, numerical results on some model problems are demonstrated to substantiate our theorems. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

中立多变时滞Volterra型随机动力系统的稳定性

探讨了一类非线性随机积分微分动力系统,并通过Banach不动点方法,给出了该系统零解均方渐近稳定的充要条件,形成了中立多变时滞Volterra型随机积分微分动力系统零解均方渐近稳定性定理。与前人的研究方法不同,该文根据多变时滞随机动力系统各时滞的特点,灵活构造算子,相比以往文献的方法更加灵活实用。文章的结论一定程度上改进和发展了相关研究论文的结果。另外,文章所得结论补充并推广了不动点方法在研究非线性中立多变时滞Volterra型随机积分微分动力系统零解稳定性方面的成果。     

Global asymptotic stability of positive equilibrium of three-species Lotka–Volterra mutualism models with diffusion and delay effects

In the mutualism system with three species if the effects of dispersion and time delays are both taken into consideration, then the densities of the cooperating species are governed by a coupled system of reaction–diffusion equations with time delays. The aim of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the time-dependent solution in relation to a positive uniform solution of the corresponding steady-state problem in a bounded domain with Neumann boundary condition, including the existence and uniqueness of a positive steady-state solution. A simple and easily verifiable condition is given to ensure the global asymptotic stability of the positive steady-state solution. This result leads to the permanence of the mutualism system, the instability of the trivial and all forms of semitrivial solutions, and the nonexistence of nonuniform steady-state solution. The condition for the global asymptotic stability is independent of diffusion and time-delays as well as the net birth rate of species, and the conclusions for the reaction–diffusion system are directly applicable to the corresponding ordinary differential system and 2-species cooperating reaction–diffusion systems. Our approach to the problem is based on inequality skill and the method of upper and lower solutions for a more general reaction–diffusion system. Finally, the numerical simulation is given to illustrate our results.     

一类具无穷时滞 Nicholson’s blowflies模型的正概周期解(英文)

通过利用锥上的不动点定理,本文主要研究具无穷时滞Nicholson’s blowflies模型的正概周期解的存在唯一性.从而得到此正概周期解存在唯一性和指数收敛的充分条件.最后给出一个例子说明本文结果的可行性.