糖尿病性眼肌麻痹29例临床分析

对29例糖尿病并发眼肌麻痹患者行眼肌检查及实验室生化检查后确诊为糖尿病性眼肌麻痹。29例均为单眼发病,受累神经以动眼神经麻痹多见,且动眼神经麻痹者无瞳孔改变。糖尿病患者易合并眼肌麻痹,其微血管病变可能是临床发病的重要病理基础。本病经合理治疗预后良好。     

眼肌麻痹病因及其临床特点分析

目的探讨眼肌麻痹的病因与临床特点。方法收集75例眼肌麻痹患者的临床资料,对其病因及临床特点进行分析。结果眼肌麻痹常见病因为脑血管病变、颅内动脉瘤、糖尿病眼肌麻痹、重症肌无力、鼻咽癌、痛性眼肌麻痹,其中老年患者以脑血管病变及糖尿病眼肌麻痹为主,其他年龄以动脉瘤及重症肌无力常见。结论眼肌麻痹犏因复杂,需根据临床特点仔细检查,以免误诊及漏诊,提高临床诊治水平。     

糖尿病性眼肌麻痹20例分析

目的 探讨糖尿病性服机麻痹的临床特点.方法 对经常规眼科检查、眼肌检查及实验室生化检查后确诊为糖尿病性眼机麻痹20例(20眼)进行分析.结果 20只眼均单眼发病,受累神经以动眼神经麻痹多见为13例,其次外展神经为5例,滑车神经为1例,复合神经(Ⅲ+Ⅳ)为1例.结论 老年糖尿病患者易并发眼肌麻痹,糖尿病性微循环病变是导致神经缺血缺氧以致变性的病理基础.采用综合治疗,其中弥可保疗效显著.     

36例糖尿病性眼肌麻痹临床分析

目的探讨糖尿病性眼肌麻痹的临床特点、发病机制.方法对36例确诊为糖尿病性眼肌麻痹的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果36例患者均为单眼发病,动眼神经受累25例、外展神经受累5例、滑车神经麻痹4例、复合神经麻痹2例(Ⅲ Ⅳ和Ⅲ Ⅵ),36例患者瞳孔均正常.结论突然发病,复视为首发症状,发病机制可能与微血管病变和代谢障碍有关.     

糖尿病性眼肌麻痹54例分析

现将我院1995-01~2005-09诊治的糖尿病性眼肌麻痹54例进行临床分析如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男25例,女29例,年龄51~70(平均59)岁。既往有糖尿病史者(均符合WHO 1999年诊断标准)51例,病程3~21 a,3例为出现眼肌麻痹后经检查确诊为糖尿病者。患者均经内科治疗和控制饮食。1.2症状和体征本组均以复视为主诉来院,其中上眼睑下垂36例,病侧眼及前额疼痛30例,均急性起病,40例晨起发病。本组均接受了详细的病史调查和神经系统检查,均为单眼发病,动眼神经受累35例,外展神经受累11例,滑车神经麻痹5例,复合神经麻痹3例,瞳孔受累2例(3.70%)。1.3…     

痛性眼肌麻痹综合征12例临床分析

目的探讨痛性眼肌麻痹综合征诊断、鉴别诊断与治疗。方法对12例痛性眼肌麻痹综合征发病情况、头痛性质及颅神经受累表现,辅助检查及治疗进行分析。结果本组12例患者中,眼肌麻痹治愈11例,好转1例;头痛多在激素应用后24~72 h缓解。结论眼肌麻痹综合征可根据头痛性质及眼肌麻痹症状,结合影像学检查确诊,糖皮质激素治疗有特效。     

76例眼肌麻痹的病因及其特点

目的：了解不同病因所致眼肌麻痹患者的临床特点,探讨其诊断及鉴别诊断方法。方法：回顾分析连续收治的76例以眼肌麻痹为主要症状患者的临床表现及辅助检查结果。结果：76例患者中54例（71.1%）诊断明确,其中病因以糖尿病最多见（20例,26.3%）;炎症性疾病次之（14例,18.4%）,包括Tolosa-Hunt综合征（THS）、Fisher综合征（FS）及眼肌麻痹性偏头痛（ophthalmoplegic migraine,OM）。糖尿病性眼肌麻痹患者最突出的临床特征为年龄大、最常累及动眼神经但无瞳孔改变。有22例（28.9%）眼肌麻痹患者未能明确诊断,包括不能排除动脉瘤及炎症性疾病者。在各种病因导致的眼动神经麻痹中,动眼神经最常受累,为49例（64.5%）,展神经次之,为38例（50.0%）。结论：眼肌麻痹的病因复杂,糖尿病性及炎症性疾病是眼肌麻痹患者最常见的病因。     

糖尿病性眼肌麻痹32例分析

近年来我科共收住糖尿病眼肌麻痹32例,结合献,就其临床特点、危险因素及发病机制进行分析如下.     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘致2型糖尿病患者眼肌麻痹一例的诊治及文献复习

[目的]结合文献复习,提出海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘致2型糖尿病患者眼肌麻痹的临床诊断和治疗策略.[方法]回顾分析本院1例由于海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘致眼肌麻痹的2型糖尿病患者的临床资料.[结果]脑血管数字减影造影（DSA）显示＂左侧海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘＂,行＂颅内动静脉瘘栓塞术＂后患者上睑下垂症状及眼球运动逐渐改善.[结论]眼肌麻痹的病因复杂.对于糖尿病患者突发的颅神经受损,除了考虑糖尿病神经系统并发症外,还需排除其他颅内占位性病变及海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘可能,必要时可行影像学检查以明确病因.     

老年糖尿病性眼肌麻痹32例临床分析

目的探讨老年人糖尿病合并眼肌麻痹的临床特点、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性总结32例患者临床诊断及治疗经验。结果32例中，治愈19例，好转9例，无效4例，随访1～2年无复发。结论该病有典型眼部临床表现时诊断不难，积极治疗原发病及对症处理神经系统病变可取得满意效果。     

眼外肌麻痹患者257例的临床特征及病因分析

目的：探讨眼外肌麻痹的临床特征和病因。方法收集并回顾性分析257例眼外肌麻痹患者的临床资料,记录病史、临床表现以及相应的神经内科、眼科、内分泌科和影像学检查结果。结果单纯上眼睑下垂80例,单纯双眼复视131例,上眼睑下垂和双眼复视39例;单侧眼外肌麻痹223例,双侧眼外肌麻痹32例;外直肌麻痹84例,动眼神经支配的眼外肌麻痹178例,上斜肌麻痹24例;82例伴有眼眶局部疼痛,12例伴有瞳孔扩大;眼球运动神经病变163例,神经-肌肉接头病变69例,眼外肌病变25例。在163例眼球运动神经病变患者中,单个眼球运动神经麻痹148例,占90.8%;多个眼球运动神经麻痹15例,占9.2%。眼球运动神经周围性损害110例,占67.5%,核性损害16例,占9.8%,核间性损害13例,占8.0%,核上性损害24例占14.7%。确诊的病因有14种,包括重症肌无力,糖尿病性眼球运动神经损伤,动脉硬化缺血性眼球运动神经损伤,局部非特异性炎症,外伤性,局部占位性病变,甲状腺病变,颅内压增高,颅内后交通动脉瘤,线粒体脑肌病,颈内动脉海绵窦瘘,远隔部位肿瘤,多发性硬化,局部注射肉毒素,进行性肌营养不良。结论眼外肌麻痹的常见症状是双眼复视和上眼睑下垂,单侧眼外肌麻痹发生率高于双侧眼外肌麻痹,动眼神经支配的眼外肌麻痹发生率最高。眼眶部疼痛和瞳孔改变是常见的伴随症状。眼球运动神经性眼外肌麻痹患者并发高血压病、糖尿病的比例较高。眼外肌麻痹患者需要常规检查血糖,甲功、眼眶CT、头颅CT和（或）MRI、新斯的明试验,伴有瞳孔扩大时需要DSA排除颅内动脉瘤。     

Recurrent ophthalmoplegia in childhood: diagnostic and etiologic considerations

We present two patients with recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia starting in early childhood. Clinically, both patients fulfilled the criteria for ophthalmoplegic migraine. In one case, magnetic resonance investigations were performed following the second attack, between the third and fourth and during the fourth attack. The left third cranial nerve was significantly thickened in its course from the brainstem through the prepontine cistern to the cavernous sinus during the attacks and moderately thickened between the attacks. In the second case, magnetic resonance imaging was performed during the 14th attack, when the oculomotor nerve dysfunction was almost permanent, and the imaging demonstrated a swollen oculomotor nerve. Whether these findings are pathognomonic of ophthalmoplegic migraine awaits further reports using magnetic resonance imaging in infants showing recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia of early onset.     

Ophthalmoplegia With Migraine in Adults: Is It Ophthalmoplegic Migraine?

Objective.— Ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent oculomotor nerve palsy in children, following migraine headaches. We report 62 adults, seen consecutively, who developed acute ophthalmoplegia with severe attacks of migraine over a 10-year (1996-2005) period. An overwhelming majority of these patients had an antecedent worsening in severity of migraine headaches, before the ophthalmoplegic attack.
Methods.— Sixty-two patients, aged 15-68 years, with an acute attack of OM underwent detailed clinical, biochemical, and neuroradiological evaluation.
Results.— There were 62 patients with 86 attacks of OM. Whereas 48 patients had a single attack, 14 had 2 or more attacks, fulfilling the International Headache Society criteria for probable and definite OM, respectively. At presentation, isolated abducens, oculomotor, and trochlear nerve involvements were seen in 35 (56.5%), 21 (33.9%), and 5 (8.1%) patients, respectively. One patient had simultaneous involvement of 3rd and 6th nerves. Fifty-one (82.3%) patients exhibited an antecedent worsening in severity of migraine, before developing ophthalmoplegia during (59/95.2%) or within 24 hours (3/4.8%) of a severe migraine attack, respectively. Detailed biochemistry and cranial neuroimaging were normal. No case had any nerve enhancement. Use of steroids hastened recovery ( P  < .05).
Conclusion.— We conclude: (1) OM in adults is characterized by single attacks of ophthalmoplegia in a great majority of patients; and (2) 6th nerve involvement occurs commonly. Our results indicate that moving OM to the chapter on cranial neuralgias in the second edition of the International Headache Classification may be premature, since nerve palsy occurred during a severe migraine attack in all patients.     

A Case of Ophthalmoplegic Migraine With Ipsilateral CT-Documented Hypodense Lesions

SYNOPSIS
The case of a young woman whose clinical picture was suggestive of ophthalmoplegic migraine is reported. In light of an unprecedented finding of two CT documented transient hypodense lesions in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the oculomotor paralysis, the prevalent theories about the pathogenesis of ophthalmoplegia in this type of migraine are reviewed.     

Autres névralgies : névralgie occipitale,syndrome de la bouche brûlante,neuropathie ophtalmoplégique récurrente douloureuse,syndrome de Tolosa-Hunt

Occipital neuralgia is defined as an electricshock- type or stabbing pain in the area of the occipital nerves. There are several types of treatment available: medical (anticonvulsant or tricyclic agents), transitional (infiltrations) or surgical (neurolysis or stimulation). Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic and spontaneous burning-type pain to the mouth, which may affect the tongue and/or other oral mucosae, with no identifiable injuries. Recurrent ophthalmoplegic cranial neuropathy is a rare neurological syndrome characterised by the onset of recurrent headaches and ophthalmoplegia, affecting the third and/or sixth cranial nerves. Tolosa-Hunt syndrome occurs as a periorbital or hemicranial pain associated with ipsilateral paresis of the oculomotor nerves, oculosympathetic paralysis and a loss of sensitivity in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve branches.     

Ophthalmoplegic migraine with alternating unilateral and bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia

We describe a patient with ophthalmoplegic migraine and internal ophthalmoplegia with alternating unilateral involvement and bilateral involvement in whom brain MRI scan showed alternating gadolinium enhancement on the cisternal portion of the oculomotor nerve.     

Oculomotor Ophthalmoplegic Migraine in an Infant

SYNOPSIS
Ophthalmoplegia is a rare presentation of migraine. Ophthalmoplegic migraine is frequently encountered in children, but has rarely been observed in infancy. We report a case of an infant with paroxysmal episodes of vomiting followed by a few weeks long periods of oculomotor nerve palsy. The first episode occurred at 14 months of age and the second at two years. In both episodes full recovery of the ophthalmoplegia occurred without treatment. The differential diagnosis of painful ophthalmoplegia and the variety of therapeutic regimens are discussed.     

颅底粒细胞肉瘤MRI诊断(附3例报道)

目的提高对颅底粒细胞肉瘤的认识及诊断水平。方法报道3例发生于颅底的粒细胞肉瘤,详细分析了其临床症状、影像学表现,并复习相关文献。结果 3例粒细胞肉瘤均发生于急性髓细胞性白血病的儿童。其中2例以动眼神经麻痹为首发症状来诊,1例确诊为急性粒细胞白血病M2a型后出现头痛来就诊。影像上所有3例颅底骨骨髓信号异常,T_1WI信号减低,并出现髓外软组织肿块。其中1例肿块位于右侧上颌窦外侧壁和鞍旁。1例肿块浸润眼眶、海绵窦和动眼神经。1例广泛浸润脑膜、颅神经根和鼻窦,表现为多结节、多处软组织肿块。MR上所有肿块、结节T_1WI均为呈等信号,T_2WI上为稍低信号,增强扫描显著性强化。结论儿童颅底粒细胞肉瘤可以周围神经病变为首发症状,MRI上如颅底广泛弥漫性骨髓信号异常并出现单发或多发软组织结节或肿块应注意排除粒细胞肉瘤。     

眼科首诊的脑血管疾病32例临床分析

目的探讨以眼部损害为表现的脑血管病的病因和临床特点。方法回顾分析32例以眼部损害为表现（白诉视力障碍、复视或上睑下垂）的脑血管病患者临床资料。结果32例患者中,双侧视乳头水肿4例（11．11％）,同向偏盲2例（5．56％）,皮质盲1例（2．78％）,同向象限盲11例（30．56％）,外展神经麻痹6例（16．67％）,动眼神经麻痹12例（33．33％）,其中部分患者同时存在2种眼部损害。经过影像学检查后诊断脑干梗死10例（31．3％）,枕叶梗死6例（18．8％）,分水岭梗死4例（12．5％）,基底动脉尖综合征1例（3．1％）,枕叶出血2例（6．3％）,后交通动脉瘤4例（12．5％）,颅内静脉窦血栓5例（15．6％）。结论脑血管病可引起各种眼部损害：枕叶和后分水岭血管病变表现为同向偏盲或象限盲,脑干梗死导致核性、核间性或核下性眼肌麻痹,后交通动脉瘤导致动眼神经麻痹,颅内静脉窦血栓可引起视乳头水肿或视野损害。眼科医师应重视眼部损害与脑血管病的关系,加强影像学检查和与神经科医师间的合作,以提高诊断水平。