10MW高温气冷堆乏燃料元件的贮存

10MW高温气冷堆（HTR-10）在设计寿命内共卸出约9万个乏燃料元件，其放射性裂变产物的活度高达1.0×10¹⁶Bq，必须妥善处置。HTR-10乏燃料元件卸在密封和屏蔽的乏燃料罐内，每罐可容纳2000个乏燃料元件。这些罐暂存在反应堆建筑物最底层的乏燃料暂存库内，在库内采取通风冷却。若干年后，通过转运小车运至反应堆大厅竖井下方，再用大厅吊车从竖井吊至地面，最后用卡车运至最终贮存库。     

10 MW高温气冷堆燃料元件辐照后检验

为了评价10 MW高温气冷堆(HTR-10)用燃料元件的性能,从第1和第2生产批次中分别随机抽取两个球形燃料元件进行辐照考验.辐照考验在俄罗斯的IVV-2M堆内进行,采用动态辐照试验的方法,可分别控制每个辐照盒中燃料元件的温度和测量气态裂变产物的释放.辐照后检验包括外观检查、尺寸测量、固体裂变产物在基体石墨内的分布测量、包覆燃料颗粒破损率测量和金相观察.辐照后检验结果表明辐照没有引起燃料元件中包覆燃料颗粒的破损, 生产的燃料元件满足10 MW高温气冷堆的设计要求.     

HTR-10一回路放射性石墨粉尘实验系统设计及研究

在10MW高温气冷堆(HTR-10)氦净化系统中,设计并建造了用于取样收集一回路放射性石墨粉尘的实验系统。结合国外已有的研究结果,根据HTR-10氦净化系统的运行参数进行了模拟计算。计算结果表明,该实验系统能有效过滤收集到的放射性石墨粉尘。所设计的取样过滤器便于拆卸和后期测量,可实现对放射性石墨粉尘进行长期系统的研究,给出反应堆不同运行工况下一回路氦净化系统中石墨粉尘及固体裂变核素活度的信息,将为HTR-10高温气冷堆裂变产物行为研究提供大量重要的实验研究数据。     

乏燃料运输并非难题

问:何谓乏燃料? 答:反应堆运行中,随着铀的消耗,裂变产物逐渐在燃料内部积累。最终,必须将这些乏燃料卸出反应堆,并用新燃料替换。 镁诺克斯堆和改进型气冷堆(AGR)的乏燃料被送至场外进行贮存及后处理,以便使裂变产物与未燃耗的铀分离。 问:乏燃料被立即转移吗? 答:不是,因为燃料自反应堆缷出后,依     

高温气冷堆燃料元件的自由铀含量

近代低富集度3层包覆颗粒(Modern LEU TRISO Particles)燃料元件的大量辐照试验表明:在高温气冷堆正常运行工况下,燃料元件的包覆燃料颗粒一般不会发生破损,放射性裂变产物的释放主要取决于制造引起的自由铀含量(燃料元件中没有被Sic层完整包覆的燃料颗粒铀量和总铀量之比).燃烧-浸取(Burn-Leach)法可以灵敏、准确地测量自由铀含量.本文介绍了燃烧-浸取法,给出了10MW高温气冷实验堆(HTR-10)首炉燃料元件自由铀含量的测量结果.     

高温气冷堆和轻水堆超铀元素管理特性研究

乏燃料中长寿命锕系元素对环境造成长期潜在危害,本文研究球床高温气冷堆不同燃料循环中超铀元素的产生和焚烧特性。在250 MW球床模块式高温气冷堆示范电站HTR-PM铀钚循环的乏燃料中提取铀和钚作为核燃料,设计了PuO₂和MOX燃料元件,将新设计的燃料元件重新装入与HTR-PM相同结构和尺寸的堆芯,分别形成纯钚燃料循环和MOX燃料循环。采用高温气冷堆物理设计程序VSOP,研究了高温气冷堆一次通过燃料循环和不同闭式燃料循环的超铀元素焚烧特性,并与轻水堆燃料循环结果进行比较和分析。结果表明：高温气冷堆一次通过燃料循环超铀元素生成率约为轻水堆的1/2;高温气冷堆闭式燃料循环能有效嬗变超铀元素。     

10MW高温气冷堆包覆燃料颗粒的研制

我国10MW高温气冷堆采用全陶瓷型包覆颗粒球形燃料元件。TRISO型包覆燃料颗粒由燃料核芯、疏松热解碳层、内致密热解碳层、碳化硅层和外致密热解碳层组成。采用丙烯和乙炔混合气体制备致密热解碳层以及四层连续包覆的新工艺,开展生产工艺条件试验,系统地研究了生产工艺和性能之间的关系,摸索出最佳生产工艺条件。用化学气相沉积方法在150mm流化床沉积炉系统中批量生产出TRISO型包覆燃料颗粒。用扫描电镜观察分析了包覆燃料颗粒的微观结构,包覆燃料颗粒的制造破损率为3.4×10-6,冷态性能达到我国10MW高温气冷堆设计要求。包覆燃料颗粒辐照考验结果(放射性裂变产物释放率R/B为1×10-6左右)表明,包覆燃料颗粒的质量可以满足10MW高温气冷堆安全运行的要求。     

10 MW高温气冷堆首次装料的包覆燃料颗粒研制

10 MW高温气冷堆采用全陶瓷TRISO型包覆颗粒燃料元件.TRISO型包覆燃料颗粒由燃料核芯、疏松热解炭层、内致密热解炭层、碳化硅层和外致密热解炭层组成.本工作研究用于生产包覆燃料颗料的具有多气体入口的新型喷动流化床和4层连续包覆工艺.采用化学气相沉积方法在150 mm直径流化床沉积炉中生产出10 MW高温气冷堆的包覆燃料颗粒.用扫描电镜观察研究了包覆燃料颗粒的微观结构.包覆燃料颗粒的制造破损率为3.4×10-6.包覆燃料颗粒的辐照考验结果(包覆燃料颗粒的裂变产物85Krm释放率为10-6)表明,包覆燃料颗粒的性能可以满足我国10 MW高温气冷堆的设计要求.     

10MW高温气冷堆乏燃料元件转运罐罐盖封压机构的研制

文章主要介绍10MW高温气冷堆（HTR-10）乏燃料元件转运罐罐盖封压机构的结构、功能、设计参数和工作原理。实验室和现场安装后的调试试验以及实际运行操作表明，该机构运行良好、可靠，完全满足HTR-10的使用和安全要求。     

高温气冷堆球形乏燃料处置策略及容量探讨

核电作为清洁高效能源形式,在使用时也带来了高放射性乏燃料妥善处置问题,而目前全世界只有不到1/3的乏燃料进行了后处理,与传统轻水堆乏燃料处理处置研究相比,高温气冷堆乏燃料相关研究更加匮乏。本文梳理了高温气冷堆乏燃料处置的情况,分析了直接整体处置、分离石墨处置及后处理燃料核芯处置三种处置策略,计算了高温气冷堆示范工程平衡堆芯后年产生乏燃料的容量,并进行了分析及优缺点比较。     

The research about the time-effect of the wettability on the wool surface treated by the Ar plasma jet in the atmospheric pressure

A facility which is called atmospheric pressure and normal temperature plasma jet was introduced in this paper. After the wool surface was treated by this kind of facility with Ar in different irradiating times, the time-effect of the fabric wettability has been weakened, and if the parameters of the irradiating time and the voltage of the facility are appropriate, the time-effect of wettability can be effectively inhibited. With the stable wettability, the fabric can be dressed without PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) which can cause lager pollution in the textile field, so the method without the time-effect of the textile wettability will be useful in the field of clean textile production. Undoubtedly, the stable wettability of textile surface was caused by the stable hydrophilic molecules on the textile surface. Thus, the reaction process and results on the textile surface treated by plasma needs to be studied to optimize the parameters of the irradiating time and the voltage of the plasma jet. So the initial experimental studies on the optimization of the parameters of the plasma jet were discussed in this paper, and the authors believe that the method without the time-effect also can be used in other fields of plasma application.     

Effect of the Discharge Voltage on the Performance of the Hall Thruster

In this paper,a two-dimensional physical model is established according to the discharging process in the Hall thruster discharge channel using the particle-in-cell method.The influences of discharge voltage on the distributions of potential,ion radial flow,and discharge current are investigated in a fixed magnetic field configuration.It is found that,with the increase of discharge voltage,especially during 250-650 V,the ion radial flow and the collision frequency between ions and the wall are decreased,but the discharge current is increased.The electron temperature saturation is observed between 400-450 V and the maximal value decreases during this region.When the discharge voltage reaches 700 V,the potential distribution in the axis direction expands to the anode significantly,the ionization region becomes close to the anode,and the acceleration region grows longer.Besides,ion radial flow and the collision frequency between ions and the wall are also increased when the discharge voltage exceeds 650 V.     

Detecting the meteoroid by measuring the electromagnetic waves excited by the collision between the hypervelocity meteoroid and spacecraft

The electromagnetic pulse excited by the collision between a hypervelocity meteoroid and a spacecraft is studied both numerically and theoretically. It is found that there are two kinds of electromagnetic pulse. The high-frequency electromagnetic pulse may be excited by the sum of all the electric dipoles. Each electron can be considered as an electric dipole. The low-frequency electromagnetic pulse is produced by the Langmuir oscillation of electrons. The energy flux density and the duration time of the excited low-frequency electromagnetic pulse by the meteoroid are also studied in the present paper. It is shown that the energy flux density increases as either the impact speed or the mass of the meteoroid increases. It is also shown that the duration time decreases as both the impact speed and the mass of the meteoroid increase. By measuring the strength and the duration time of the electromagnetic pulse excited by the collision between the hypervelocity meteoroid and spacecraft, we can estimate the speed and the mass of the hypervelocity meteoroid, which will be helpful in space flight and space exploration.     

Current status of the engineering design of the test modules for the IFMIF

Under Broader Approach (BA) Agreement between EURATOM and Japan, IFMIF/EVEDA (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility/Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities) has been performed since the middle of 2007. IFMIF presents three main facilities (the Accelerator Facility, Li Target Facility and Test Facilities). A previous design of IFMIF was summarized in the comprehensive design report [1]. The present EVEDA phase aims at producing a detailed, complete and fully integrated engineering design of IFMIF. The delivery of the “Intermediate IFMIF Engineering Design Report” is foreseen mid-2013. The goal of IFMIF is to obtain the indispensable design database to allow the design and licensing of DEMO and ensuring commercial reactors thanks to the materials data set obtained from planned evaluation tests such irradiations in high flux test modules (HFTM-vertical rig, HFTM-horizontal rig), medium flux test modules (creep fatigue test module, tritium release test module, liquid breeder validation module) and low flux test modules of IFMIF. In addition, the Startup Monitoring Module will be used for IFMIF commissioning. This paper is summarizing the overall current progress status of the engineering and conceptual design of the test modules in IFMIF/EVEDA.     

右侧卧位对左室下壁心肌衰减校正价值的初探

为探讨右侧卧位对左室下壁心肌衰减校正和心梗诊断的价值,对31名正常者和22名冠心病病人同时进行了仰卧位和右侧卧位的^99mTc-MIBI静息心肌显像,病人均作了冠状动脉血管造影。观察正常者在不同体位时下壁形态并通过靶心图计算各区象素计数。判定不同体位各供血区病变诊断的敏感性和特异性。结果表明,右侧卧位时下壁形态显示较好而且计数明显增高,P＜0．05,同时对右冠状动脉病变的敏感性和特异性分别为100％和81．8％,较仰卧位明显提高,结果提示,右侧卧位不仅可使下壁衰减得以校正而且可提高对心梗诊断的准确性。     

周期计设计中的分段处理问题

本文通过对反应堆周期计响应时间、过冲量及噪声问题的分析,探论周期测量和周期保护信号分别处理的必要性和可能性,目的在于改善周期信号的品质,提高周期计的使用效果。本文首次报道了差分型周期计的响应函数。     

氡室平衡状态对监测曲线的影响及修正

氡在氡室中是一种动态稳定状态,为了更准确的监测氡室中氡浓度的变化,文章主要对氡室首次补氡期间氡及子体的平衡状态的变化进行理论推导和平衡系数对FD125监测曲线的影响进行了探讨并进行了修正,取得了比较好的效果,为氡室氡浓度监测曲线修正提供了一种方法.     

Tectonic Factor in the Formation of the Radon Fields in the Atmosphere of the Tashkent Subway

Using the standard radiometers -GUARD PQ2000M and gamma-TRACER (Germany) and semiconductor spectrometers RATON (Uzbekistan), the radon fields were investigated in underground service enclosures and on the platforms of the Tashkent subway stations located on territories with different geotectonic characteristics. It is shown that the tectonic factor influences the formation of radon fields in the air in the subway station. 4 figures, 1 table, 7 references.